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Lactiplantibacillus koreensis sp. nov. and Lactiplantibacillus kimchii sp. nov., isolated from kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented food
Min Ji Lee, Jisu Lee, Sohee Nam, Mi-Ja Jung, Yeon Bee Kim, Yujin Kim, Jeong Ui Yun, Seong Woon Roh, Tae Woong Whon, Che Ok Jeon, Se Hee Lee
J. Microbiol. 2025;63(11):e2507007.   Published online November 30, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2507007
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material

Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, and non-motile lactic acid bacterial strains, designated as strains CBA3605T and CBA3606T, were isolated from kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented food. Both strains were oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-hemolytic, and non-gas-producing. Optimal growth conditions for the two strains were observed at 30°C, pH 5.0, and 0% NaCl. The two genomes were composed of a circular chromosome and three plasmids and the DNA G + C content of 43.0%, respectively. Strains CBA3605T and CBA3606T were most closely related to Lactiplantibacillus (Lp.) pingfangensis 382-1T with 16S rRNA sequence similarity of 99.4% and 99.1%, respectively. However, the orthologous average nucleotide identities between CBA3605T and CBA3606T were 91.7%, and those with strain 382-1T were 76.9% and 76.5%, respectively. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between CBA3605T and CBA3606T were 45.0%, and those with strain 382-1T were 21.4% and 21.0%, respectively. The major fatty acids detected in both strains included C16:0, C18:1 ω9c, and summed features 7 (C19:1 ω7c, C19:1 ω6c, C19:0 cyclo ω10c, and/or C19:0 ω6c). The peptidoglycan of both strains CBA3605T and CBA3606T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and was classified as A4α type (L-Lys–D-Asp). In polar lipid analyses, only strain CBA3605T contained aminophosphoglycolipid, which was absent in CBA3606T, although both strains harbored same major polar lipids (diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine). Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, genomic, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic analyses, strains CBA3605T and CBA3606T represent two novel species of the genus Lactiplantibacillus, for which the names Lactiplantibacillus koreensis sp. nov. and Lactiplantibacillus kimchii sp. nov. are proposed, with CBA3605T (= KACC 81073BPT = JCM 37965T), and CBA3606T (= KACC 81074BPT = JCM 37966T) as the type strains.

Pycnogenol reduces the expression of P. aeruginosa T3SS and inflammatory response in NCI-H292 cells
Seung-Ho Kim, Da Yun Seo, Sang-Bae Han, Un-Hwan Ha, Ji-Won Park, Kyung-Seop Ahn
J. Microbiol. 2025;63(10):2503004.   Published online September 19, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2503004
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material

Nosocomial infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) have become increasingly common, particularly among immunocompromised individuals, who experience high mortality rates and prolonged treatment durations due to the limited availability of effective therapies. In this study, we screened for anti-ExoS compounds targeting P. aeruginosa and identified pycnogenol (PYC) as a potent inhibitor of the type III secretion system (T3SS), a major virulence mechanism responsible for the translocation of effectors such as ExoS. Using ELISA, western blotting, and real-time PCR analyses in both P. aeruginosa and infected H292 cells, we found that PYC significantly reduced T3SS activity. Mechanistically, PYC suppressed the transcription of T3SS-related genes by downregulating exsA expression in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, pretreatment with PYC attenuated the cytotoxic effects and reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-18 (IL-18), in P. aeruginosa-infected H292 cells. These effects were associated with the inhibition of NF-κB signaling and inflammasome activation. Taken together, our findings suggest that PYC may serve as a promising therapeutic candidate against P. aeruginosa infections by targeting T3SS-mediated virulence and modulating host inflammatory responses.

The photosensitizer DH-I-180-3 regulates intracellular bacterial growth by increasing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines via the NF-κB- and MAPK-mediated signaling pathways and promoting phagosome maturation in Salmonella-infected mouse macrophages
Hyo-Jung Kim, Eui-Kwon Jeong, Hyo-Ji Lee, Yu-Jin Jung
J. Microbiol. 2025;63(6):e2502003.   Published online June 4, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2502003
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AbstractAbstract PDF

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a known strategy for treating cancer; in PDT, photosensitizers are activated by light stimulation and then induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production to damage cancer tissues. Recently evidence has shown that PDT can also be used as a novel treatment strategy to control pathogenic bacteria. In previous studies, the photosensitizer DH-I-180-3 was reported to effectively regulate multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth. Here, we confirmed the effects of DH-I-180-3 on the antibacterial activity and inflammatory response of macrophages to Salmonella. Photoactivated DH-I-180-3 regulated intracellular bacterial growth in Salmonella-infected macrophages. Moreover, DH-I-180-3 increased intracellular ROS levels in Salmonella-infected macrophages. The phosphorylation of the intracellular signaling proteins IκBα and JNK1/2 was increased in DH-I-180-3-treated Salmonella-infected macrophages. Additionally, we observed that DH-I-180-3 significantly increased the mRNA expression and protein secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and promoted phagosome maturation by upregulating EEA1, LAMP1, and Cathepsin D in Salmonella-infected macrophages. Overall, these results demonstrate that photoactivated DH-I-180-3 enhances the bactericidal response to intracellular bacterial infection by promoting inflammatory signaling pathways and phagosome maturation. Therefore, DH-I-180-3 has the potential to be developed into PDT for treating bacterial-infection.

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  • Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Circadian Rhythmic Regulation of Lipid Metabolism and Immune Function in Chicken Livers
    Jiahua Li, Jie Dong, Minjie Huang, Yuting Jin, Xiaodong Tan, Deqian Wang
    Animals.2025; 15(22): 3241.     CrossRef
Alizarin, which reduces ExoS, attenuates inflammation by P. aeruginosa in H292 cells
Seung-Ho Kim, Hye In Ahn, Jae-Hoon Oh, Da Yun Seo, Jung-Hee Kim, Ok-kyoung Kwon, Ji-Won Park, Kyung-Seop Ahn
J. Microbiol. 2025;63(5):e2411012.   Published online May 27, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2411012
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AbstractAbstract PDF

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is resistant to several drugs as well as antibiotics and is thus classified as multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant. These bacteria have a secretion system called the "type 3 secretion system (T3SS)", which facilitates infection by delivering an effector protein. ExoenzymeS (ExoS) is known to induce cell death and activate caspase-1. In particular, patients infected with P. aeruginosa develop diseases associated with high mortality, such as pneumonia, because no drug targets an ExoS or T3SS. We selected natural compounds to treat T3SS-mediated pneumonia and chose alizarin, a red dye. We confirmed the effects of alizarin on T3SS by bacterial PCR and ELISA. It was confirmed that alizarin regulates ExoS by inhibiting exsA but also popD and pscF. Furthermore, in infected H292 cells, it not only attenuates inflammation by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 but also interferes with the level of ExoS delivered into the host and modulates caspase-1. We confirmed this result and determined that it led to decreases in proinflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Interleukin-18 (IL-18). Therefore, we suggest that alizarin is a suitable drug for treating pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa because it helps to attenuate inflammation by regulating T3SS and NF-κB signaling.

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  • Beyond pathogenicity: applications of the type III secretion system (T3SS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    Tianqi Su, Lin Zhang, Jie Shen, Danyu Qian, Yulei Guo, Zhenpeng Li
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Journal Articles
H-NS is a Transcriptional Repressor of the CRISPR-Cas System in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606
Kyeongmin Kim, Md Maidul Islam, Seunghyeok Bang, Jeongah Kim, Chung-Young Lee, Je Chul Lee, Minsang Shin
J. Microbiol. 2024;62(11):999-1012.   Published online November 11, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00182-5
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen primarily associated with hospital-acquired infections. The bacterium can gain multidrug resistance through several mechanisms, including horizontal gene transfer. A CRISPR-Cas system including several Cas genes could restrict the horizontal gene transfer. However, the molecular mechanism of CRISPR- Cas transcriptional regulation remains unclear. We identified a type I-F CRISPR-Cas system in A. baumannii ATCC 19606T standard strain based on sequence analysis. We focused on the transcriptional regulation of Cas3, a key protein of the CRISPR-Cas system. We performed a DNA affinity chromatography-pulldown assay to identify transcriptional regulators of the Cas3 promoter. We identified several putative transcriptional factors, such as H-NS, integration host factor, and HU, that can bind to the promoter region of Cas3. We characterized AbH-NS using size exclusion chromatography and cross-linking experiments and demonstrated that the Cas3 promoter can be regulated by AbH-NS in a concentration-dependent manner via an in vitro transcription assay. CRISPR-Cas expression levels in wild-type and hns mutant strains in the early stationary phase were examined by qPCR and β-galactosidase assay. We found that H-NS can act as a repressor of Cas3. Our transformation efficiency results indicated that the hns mutation decreased the transformation efficiency, while the Cas3 mutation increased it. We report the existence and characterization of the CRISPR-Cas system in A. baumannii 19606T and demonstrate that AbH-NS is a transcriptional repressor of CRISPR-Cas-related genes in A. baumannii.

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  • The H-NS homologues MvaT and MvaU repress CRISPR-Cas in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    Kira Céline Koonce, Jesper Juel Mauritzen, Ida Friberg Hitz, Emil Funk Vangsgaard, Elizabeth H. M. Putz, Anne Sofie Wajn, Frederik Hagelund Leth, Nina Molin Høyland-Kroghsbo
    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • BaeR and H-NS control CRISPR-Cas-mediated immunity and virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii
    Ting Yu, Jun Xie, Xinyue Huang, Jiayuan Huang, Guangyu Bao, Wenjie Yuan, Chengfeng Gao, Cuicui Liu, Jian Hu, Weixuan Yang, Guocai Li, Ryan McClure
    mSystems.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals the Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Salmonella Typhimurium ST34 and ST19 Lineages
Zhen-Xu Zhuo, Yu-Lian Feng, Xi-Wei Zhang, Hao Liu, Fang-Yin Zeng, Xiao-Yan Li
J. Microbiol. 2024;62(10):859-870.   Published online November 4, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00170-9
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Salmonella Typhimurium is an invasive gastrointestinal pathogen for both humans and animals. To investigate the genetic framework and diversity of S. Typhimurium, a total of 194 S. Typhimurium isolates were collected from patients in a tertiary hospital between 2020 and 2021. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was used to confirm the resistance phenotype. Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to determine the sequence type, phylogenetic relationships, resistance gene profiles, Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI) and the diversity of the core and pan genome. The result showed that 57.22% of S. Typhimurium isolates were multidrug resistant and resistance of total isolates to the first-line drug ciprofloxacin was identified in 60.82%. The population structure of S. Typhimurium was categorized into three lineages: ST19 (20.10%, 39/194), ST34-1 (47.42%, 92/194) and ST34-2 (40.65%, 63/194), with the population size exhibiting increasing trends. All lineages harbored variety of fimbrial operons, prophages, SPIs and effectors that contributed to the virulence and long-term infections of S. Typhimurium. Importantly, ST34-1 lineage might potentially be more invasive due to the possession of SPI1-effector gene sopE which was essential for the proliferation, internalization and intracellular presence of S. Typhimurium in hosts. Multiple antimicrobial resistance genes were characteristically distributed across three lineages, especially carbapenem genes only detected in ST34-1&2 lineages. The distinct functional categories of pan genome among three lineages were observed in metabolism, signaling and gene information processing. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the evolved adaptation and genetic diversity of S. Typhimurium ST19 and ST34, among which ST34 lineages with multidrug resistance and potential hypervirulence need to pay more attention to epidemiological surveillance.

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  • Genomic Evidence for the Rise of Salmonella Typhimurium ST34 with Increased Plasmid-Mediated Resistance in the Thailand Pork Chain
    Hongmei Liu, Ning Wang, Sunpetch Angkititrakul, Wengui Li, Zhongyang Luo, Mingpeng Hou, Yi Wu, Yubo Shi, Yuelin Wang, Fengyun Li, Yaowen Liu, Xin Wu, Fanan Suksawat
    Pathogens.2025; 14(12): 1190.     CrossRef
Unexpected Requirement of Small Amino Acids at Position 183 for DNA Binding in the Escherichia coli cAMP Receptor Protein
Marcus Carranza, Amanda Rea, Daisy Pacheco, Christian Montiel, Jin Park, Hwan Youn
J. Microbiol. 2024;62(10):871-882.   Published online September 6, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00169-2
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The Escherichia coli cAMP receptor protein (CRP) relies on the F-helix, the recognition helix of the helix-turn-helix motif, for DNA binding. The importance of the CRP F-helix in DNA binding is well-established, yet there is little information on the roles of its non-base-contacting residues. Here, we show that a CRP F-helix position occupied by a non-base-contacting residue Val183 bears an unexpected importance in DNA binding. Codon randomization and successive in vivo screening selected six amino acids (alanine, cysteine, glycine, serine, threonine, and valine) at CRP position 183 to be compatible with DNA binding. These amino acids are quite different in their amino acid properties (polar, non-polar, hydrophobicity), but one commonality is that they are all relatively small. Larger amino acid substitutions such as histidine, methionine, and tyrosine were made site-directedly and showed to have no detectable DNA binding, further supporting the requirement of small amino acids at CRP position 183. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that small amino acids (92.15% valine and 7.75% alanine) exclusively occupy the position analogous to CRP Val183 in 1,007 core CRP homologs, consistent with our mutant data. However, in extended CRP homologs comprising 3700 proteins, larger amino acids could also occupy the position analogous to CRP Val183 albeit with low occurrence. Another bioinformatics analysis suggested that large amino acids could be tolerated by compensatory small-sized amino acids at their neighboring positions. A full understanding of the unexpected requirement of small amino acids at CRP position 183 for DNA binding entails the verification of the hypothesized compensatory change(s) in CRP.

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  • SPD_0410 negatively regulates capsule polysaccharide synthesis and virulence in Streptococcus pneumoniae D39
    Ye Tao, Li Lei, Shuhui Wang, Xuemei Zhang, Yibing Yin, Yuqiang Zheng
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Enterococcus Phage vB_EfaS_HEf13 as an Anti-Biofilm Agent Against Enterococcus faecalis
Dongwook Lee, Jintaek Im, A Reum Kim, Woohyung Jun, Cheol-Heui Yun, Seung Hyun Han
J. Microbiol. 2024;62(8):683-693.   Published online June 27, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00150-z
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive bacterium that is frequently found in the periapical lesion of patients with apical periodontitis. Its biofilm formation in root canal is closely related to the development of refractory apical periodontitis by providing increased resistance to endodontic treatments. Phage therapy has recently been considered as an efficient therapeutic strategy in controlling various periodontal pathogens. We previously demonstrated the bactericidal capacities of Enterococcus phage vB_EfaS_HEf13 (phage HEf13) against clinically-isolated E. faecalis strains. Here, we investigated whether phage HEf13 affects biofilm formation and pre-formed biofilm of clinically-isolated E. faecalis, and its combinatory effect with endodontic treatments, including chlorhexidine (CHX) and penicillin. The phage HEf13 inhibited biofilm formation and disrupted pre-formed biofilms of E. faecalis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, phage HEf13 destroyed E. faecalis biofilm exopolysaccharide (EPS), which is known to be a major component of bacterial biofilm. Furthermore, combined treatment of phage HEf13 with CHX or penicillin more potently inhibited biofilm formation and disrupted pre-formed biofilm than either treatment alone. Confocal laser scanning microscopic examination demonstrated that these additive effects of the combination treatments on disruption of pre-formed biofilm are mediated by relatively enhanced reduction in thickness distribution and biomass of biofilm. Collectively, our results suggest that the effect of phage HEf13 on E. faecalis biofilm is mediated by its EPS-degrading property, and its combination with endodontic treatments more potently suppresses E. faecalis biofilm, implying that phage HEf13 has potential to be used as a combination therapy against E. faecalis infections.

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  • Size-dependent ecotoxicological impacts of tire wear particles on zebrafish physiology and gut microbiota: Implications for aquatic ecosystem health
    Yun Zhang, Qianqian Song, Qingxuan Meng, Tianyu Zhao, Xiaolong Wang, Xinrui Meng, Jing Cong
    Journal of Hazardous Materials.2025; 487: 137215.     CrossRef
  • Phage therapy as a revitalized weapon for treating clinical diseases
    Yingjie Wang, Yamei Yu
    Microbiome Research Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Repeated Exposure of Vancomycin to Vancomycin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (VSSA) Parent Emerged VISA and VRSA Strains with Enhanced Virulence Potentials
An Nguyen, J Jean Sophy Roy, Ji-Hoon Kim, Kyung-Hee Yun, Wonsik Lee, Kyeong Kyu Kim, Truc Kim, Akhilesh Kumar Chaurasia
J. Microbiol. 2024;62(7):535-553.   Published online May 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00139-8
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The emergence of resistance against the last-resort antibiotic vancomycin in staphylococcal infections is a serious concern for human health. Although various drug-resistant pathogens of diverse genetic backgrounds show higher virulence potential, the underlying mechanism behind this is not yet clear due to variability in their genetic dispositions. In this study, we investigated the correlation between resistance and virulence in adaptively evolved isogenic strains. The vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus USA300 was exposed to various concentrations of vancomycin repeatedly as a mimic of the clinical regimen to obtain mutation(s)-accrued-clonally-selected (MACS) strains. The phenotypic analyses followed by expression of the representative genes responsible for virulence and resistance of MACS strains were investigated. MACS strains obtained under 2 and 8 µg/ml vancomycin, named Van2 and Van8, respectively; showed enhanced vancomycin minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) to 4 and 16 µg/ml, respectively. The cell adhesion and invasion of MACS strains increased in proportion to their MICs. The correlation between resistance and virulence potential was partially explained by the differential expression of genes known to be involved in both virulence and resistance in MACS strains compared to parent S. aureus USA300. Repeated treatment of vancomycin against vancomycin-susceptible S. aureus (VSSA) leads to the emergence of vancomycin-resistant strains with variable levels of enhanced virulence potentials.

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  • Targeting the G-quadruplex as a novel strategy for developing antibiotics against hypervirulent drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    Maria Sultan, Maria Razzaq, Joohyun Lee, Shreyasi Das, Shrute Kannappan, Vinod Kumar Subramani, Wanki Yoo, Truc Kim, Hye-Ra Lee, Akhilesh K. Chaurasia, Kyeong Kyu Kim
    Journal of Biomedical Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Staphylococcus parequorum sp. nov. and Staphylococcus halotolerans sp. nov., isolated from traditional Korean soybean foods
    Ju Hye Baek, Dong Min Han, Dae Gyu Choi, Chae Yeong Moon, Jae Kyeong Lee, Chul-Hong Kim, Jung-Woong Kim, Che Ok Jeon
    Journal of Microbiology.2025; 63(8): e2503003.     CrossRef
Genetically Engineered CLDN18.2 CAR-T Cells Expressing Synthetic PD1/CD28 Fusion Receptors Produced Using a Lentiviral Vector
Heon Ju Lee, Seo Jin Hwang, Eun Hee Jeong, Mi Hee Chang
J. Microbiol. 2024;62(7):555-568.   Published online May 3, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00133-0
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AbstractAbstract PDF
This study aimed to develop synthetic Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T (CAR-T) cells as a treatment for advanced gastric cancer using lentiviral vector genetic engineering technology that targets the CLDN18.2 antigen and simultaneously overcomes the immunosuppressive environment caused by programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Synthetic CAR T cells are a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy but face many challenges in solid tumors. One of the major problems is immunosuppression caused by PD-1. CLDN18.2, a gastric-specific membrane protein, is considered a potential therapeutic target for gastric and other cancers. In our study, CLDN18.2 CAR was a second-generation CAR with inducible T-cell costimulatory (CD278), and CLDN18.2-PD1/CD28 CAR was a third-generation CAR, wherein the synthetic PD1/CD28 chimeric-switch receptor (CSR) was added to the second-generation CAR. In vitro, we detected the secretion levels of different cytokines and the killing ability of CAR-T cells. We found that the secretion of cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) secreted by three types of CAR-T cells was increased, and the killing ability against CLDN18.2-positive GC cells was enhanced. In vivo, we established a xenograft GC model and observed the antitumor effects and off-target toxicity of CAR-T cells. These results support that synthetic anti-CLDN18.2 CAR-T cells have antitumor effect and anti-CLDN18.2-PD1/CD28 CAR could provide a promising design strategy to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cells in advanced gastric cancer.

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  • Enhancing the antitumor activity of CD19/BCMA CAR-T cells in vitro with a PD1IL7R chimeric switch receptor
    Kai Yan, Zhongdang Xiao
    Cellular Immunology.2025; 415-416: 105001.     CrossRef
  • Research progress on mechanisms of tumor immune microenvironment and gastrointestinal resistance to immunotherapy: mini review
    Zheng Zhang, Yangping Wu
    Frontiers in Immunology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • On-target off-tumor toxicity of claudin18.2-directed CAR-T cells in preclinical models
    Filippo Birocchi, Antonio J. Almazan, Aiyana Parker, Amanda A. Bouffard, Sadie Goncalves, Christopher Kelly, Jessica Frank, Mark B. Leick, Nicholas J. Haradhvala, Shaw Kagawa, Gad Getz, Giulia Escobar, Diego Salas-Benito, Adele Mucci, Trisha R. Berger, Ma
    Nature Communications.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Innovative CAR-T approaches targeting Claudin 18.2 to counteract drug resistance in gastric cancer
    Giovanni Calice, Carlo Calabrese, Tiziana Notarangelo
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2025; 193: 118863.     CrossRef
Transcriptomic Insights into Archaeal Nitrification in the Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica
Joo-Han Gwak , Samuel Imisi Awala , So-Jeong Kim , Sang-Hoon Lee , Eun-Jin Yang , Jisoo Park , Jinyoung Jung , Sung-Keun Rhee
J. Microbiol. 2023;61(11):967-980.   Published online December 7, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00090-0
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Antarctic polynyas have the highest Southern Ocean summer primary productivity, and due to anthropogenic climate change, these areas have formed faster recently. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are among the most ubiquitous and abundant microorganisms in the ocean and play a primary role in the global nitrogen cycle. We utilized metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to gain insights into the physiology and metabolism of AOA in polar oceans, which are associated with ecosystem functioning. A polar-specific ecotype of AOA, from the “Candidatus Nitrosomarinus”-like group, was observed to be dominant in the Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP), West Antarctica, during a succession of summer phytoplankton blooms. AOA had the highest transcriptional activity among prokaryotes during the bloom decline phase (DC). Metatranscriptomic analysis of key genes involved in ammonia oxidation, carbon fixation, transport, and cell division indicated that this polar AOA ecotype was actively involved in nitrification in the bloom DC in the ASP. This study revealed the physiological and metabolic traits of this key polar-type AOA in response to phytoplankton blooms in the ASP and provided insights into AOA functions in polar oceans.

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  • Bulk metagenomics and machine learning unravels nitrogen metabolism patterns in extreme-temperature marine environments
    Zheng Guo, Yong-Guang Li, Xiao-Lin Liu, Zhao-Jie Teng, Qi-Long Qin, Qian-Qian Cha, Zhi-Bin Wang, Shou-Qing Ni
    Bioresource Technology.2026; 441: 133551.     CrossRef
  • Alleviated photoinhibition on nitrification in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean
    Lingfang Fan, Min Chen, Zifei Yang, Minfang Zheng, Yusheng Qiu
    Acta Oceanologica Sinica.2024; 43(7): 52.     CrossRef
Development of a Novel Korean H9‑Specific rRT‑PCR Assay and Its Application for Avian Influenza Virus Surveillance in Korea
Mingeun Sagong , Yong-Myung Kang , Na Yeong Kim , Eun Bi Noh , Gyeong-Beom Heo , Se-Hee An , Youn-Jeong Lee , Young Ki Choi , Kwang-Nyeong Lee
J. Microbiol. 2023;61(10):929-936.   Published online November 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00088-8
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Since the 2000s, the Y439 lineage of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) has been the predominant strain circulating in poultry in Korea; however, in 2020, the Y280 lineage emerged and spread rapidly nationwide, causing large economic losses. To prevent further spread and circulation of such viruses, rapid detection and diagnosis through active surveillance programs are crucial. Here, we developed a novel H9 rRT-PCR assay that can detect a broad range of H9Nx viruses in situations in which multiple lineages of H9 AIVs are co-circulating. We then evaluated its efficacy using a large number of clinical samples. The assay, named the Uni Kor-H9 assay, showed high sensitivity for Y280 lineage viruses, as well as for the Y439 lineage originating in Korean poultry and wild birds. In addition, the assay showed no cross-reactivity with other subtypes of AIV or other avian pathogens. Furthermore, the Uni Kor-H9 assay was more sensitive, and had higher detection rates, than reference H9 rRT-PCR methods when tested against a panel of domestically isolated H9 AIVs. In conclusion, the novel Uni Kor-H9 assay enables more rapid and efficient diagnosis than the “traditional” method of virus isolation followed by subtyping RT-PCR. Application of the new H9 rRT-PCR assay to AI active surveillance programs will help to control and manage Korean H9 AIVs more efficiently.

Citations

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  • Development of a multiplex and universal RT-PCR assay for hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtyping of avian influenza virus
    Se-Hee An, Gyeong-Beom Heo, Yong-Myung Kang, Youn-Jeong Lee, Kwang-Nyeong Lee
    Journal of Veterinary Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Systematic Review of New, Enhanced Surveillance Systems and Methodologies for Zoonotic Influenza Viruses in Animals and Human–Animal Interface
    Rebecca Badra, Wenqing Zhang, John S. L. Tam, Richard Webby, Sylvie Van Der Werf, Sergejs Nikisins, Ann Cullinane, Saad Gharaibeh, Richard Njouom, Malik Peiris, Ghazi Kayali, Jean‐Michel Heraud
    Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development and evaluation of a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of H5, H7, and H9 subtype avian influenza viruses
    Se-Hee An, Na-Yeong Kim, Gyeong-Beom Heo, Yong-Myung Kang, Youn-Jeong Lee, Kwang-Nyeong Lee
    Journal of Virological Methods.2024; 327: 114942.     CrossRef
NEDD4 Regulated Pyroptosis Occurred from Co‑infection between Influenza A Virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae
Jiangzhou You , Linlin Zhou , Xudong San , Hailing Li , Mingyuan Li , Baoning Wang
J. Microbiol. 2023;61(8):777-789.   Published online October 4, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00076-y
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Co-infection of respiratory tract viruses and bacteria often result in excess mortality, especially pneumonia caused by influenza viruses and Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, the synergistic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a clearer understanding of the molecular basis of the interaction between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumonia. Here, we developed the BALB/c mouse model and the A549 cell model to investigate inflammation and pyroptotic cell death during co-infection. Co-infection significantly activated the NLRP3 inflammasome and induced pyroptotic cell death, correlated with excess mortality. The E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 interacted with both NLRP3 and GSDMD, the executor of pyroptosis. NEDD4 negatively regulated NLRP3 while positively regulating GSDMD, thereby modulating inflammation and pyroptotic cell death. Our findings suggest that NEDD4 may play a crucial role in regulating the GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis signaling pathway. Targeting NEDD4 represents a promising approach to mitigate excess mortality during influenza pandemics by suppressing synergistic inflammation during co-infection of influenza A virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

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  • GSDMD and GSDME exhibit distinct roles in enteric coronavirus PDCoV-induced pyroptosis and inflammatory responses
    Chenyu Li, Yuting Shi, Chunying Xie, Kaiqi Duan, Tong Ding, Xiangfei Xu, Liurong Fang, Yanrong Zhou, Shaobo Xiao, Tom Gallagher
    Journal of Virology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Updated insights into the molecular networks for NLRP3 inflammasome activation
    Seungwha Paik, Jin Kyung Kim, Hyo Jung Shin, Eun-Jin Park, In Soo Kim, Eun-Kyeong Jo
    Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2025; 22(6): 563.     CrossRef
  • Universal and highly sensitive detection of influenza A virus and streptococcus pneumoniae using WGA-modified magnetic SERS nanotags-based lateral flow assay
    Xiaofei Jia, Zhenzhen Liu, Juan Zhou, Chunran Cao, Yunwei Hao, Jin Chen, Han Han, Jing Liang, Zhibin Zhao, Yi Wang, Zhendong Niu, Rui Xiao
    Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine.2025; 69: 102853.     CrossRef
  • Post-influenza bacterial infection: mechanisms of pathogenesis and advances in therapeutic strategies
    Biao Lei, Shun Wang, Linzhong Yu, Qinhai Ma
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pyroptosis in Respiratory Virus Infections: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Potential Therapeutic Interventions
    Runqi Lin, Barbara N. Porto
    Microorganisms.2025; 13(9): 2109.     CrossRef
  • Yinqin Qingfei granules alleviate Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated macrophage pyroptosis
    Zhe Song, Chengen Han, Guangzhi Luo, Guangyuan Jia, Xiao Wang, Baoqing Zhang
    Frontiers in Pharmacology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Overexpression of DTX1 inhibits D-GalN/TNF-α-induced pyroptosis and inflammation in hepatocytes by regulating NLRP3 ubiquitination
    Mingshui Liu, Jing Gu, Li Chen, Wei Sun, Xiaoping Huang, Jianhe Gan
    Toxicology Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • NLRP3 Inflammasomes: Dual Function in Infectious Diseases
    Yanbo Li, Rui Qiang, Zhengmin Cao, Qingjuan Wu, Jiuchong Wang, Wenliang Lyu
    The Journal of Immunology.2024; 213(4): 407.     CrossRef
Comparison of Conjunctival Sac Microbiome between Low and High Myopic Eyes
Kang Xiao , Zhengyu Chen , Qin Long
J. Microbiol. 2023;61(5):571-578.   Published online April 21, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00045-5
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Microbial communities played a vital role in maintaining homeostasis of ocular surface. However, no studies explored the myopia-associated conjunctiva microbiota changes until now. In this study, conjunctival sac swab specimens were collected from 12 eyes of low myopia (LM), and 14 eyes of high myopia (HM) patients. The V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and then sequenced. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate differences in the taxonomy and diversity between two groups. Compared to LM, higher Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores were observed in HM group. The Shannon index of the HM was lower than that of the LM group (P = 0.017). Principle coordinate analysis and Partial Least Squares Discrimination Analysis showed distinct microbiome composition between two groups. At the phylum level, there were higher relative abundances of Proteobacteria (68.27% vs 38.51%) and lower abundances of Actinobacteria (3.71% vs 9.19%) in HM, compared to LM group (P = 0.031, 0.010, respectively). At the genus level, the abundances of Acinetobacter in HM (18.16%) were significantly higher than the LM (6.52%) group (P = 0.011). Actinobacteria levels were negatively correlated with the myopic spherical equivalent and OSDI scores. Moreover, positive correlations were found between Proteobacteria levels and OSDI scores, Acinetobacter levels were positively correlated with myopic spherical equivalent and OSDI scores. In conclusion, HM Patients have bacterial microbiota imbalance in the conjunctival sac, compared with LM patients. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acinetobacter may play roles in the HM associated ocular surface irritation.

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  • Harnessing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum EP21 and its membrane vesicles to inhibit myopia development
    Chi-Fong Lin, Yu-An Hsu, Yung-Lan Chou, Ying-Chi Chen, En-Shyh Lin, Peng-Tai Tien, Jamie jiin-Yi Chen, Ming-Yen Wu, Chia-Hung Lin, Hui-Ju Lin, Lei Wan
    Gut Microbes.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Gut Microbiota Profiles in Myopes and Nonmyopes
    Wan E. W. Omar, Gurdeep Singh, Andrew J. McBain, Fiona Cruickshank, Hema Radhakrishnan
    Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science.2024; 65(5): 2.     CrossRef
Vaginal Microbiome Dysbiosis is Associated with the Different Cervical Disease Status
Yingying Ma , Yanpeng Li , Yanmei Liu , Le Cao , Xiao Han , Shujun Gao , Chiyu Zhang
J. Microbiol. 2023;61(4):423-432.   Published online April 3, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00039-3
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Vaginal microbiome composition was demonstrated to be associated with cervical disease. The colonization characteristics of vaginal microbes and their association with the different cervical disease status, especially cervical cancer (CC), are rarely investigated. In this cross-sectional study, we characterized the vaginal microbiome of women with different status of cervical diseases, including 22 NV + (normal tissue with HPV infection), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL, n = 45), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL, n = 36) and CC (n = 27) using bacterial 16S DNA sequencing. Thirty HPV-negative women with normal tissue were used as the control group. We found that higher diversity of microbiome with gradual depletion of Lactobacillus, especially L. crispatus, was associated with the severity of cervical disease. High-risk HPV16 infection was associated with higher microbiome diversity and depletion of Lactobacillus in high-grade cervical diseases (i.e. HSIL and CC). The CC group was characterized by higher levels of Fannyhessea vaginae, Prevotella, Bacteroides, Finegoldia, Vibrio, Veillonella, Peptostreptococcus, and Dialister. Co-occurrence network analyses showed that negative correlations were exclusively observed between Lactobacillus and other bacteria, and almost all non-Lactobacillus bacteria were positively correlated with each other. In particular, the most diverse and complex co-occurrence network of vaginal bacteria, as well as a complete loss of L. crispatus, was observed in women with CC. Logistic regression model identified HPV16 and Lactobacillus as significant risk and protective factors for CC, respectively. These results suggest that specific Lactobacillus species (e.g. L. crispatus and L. iners) can be used as important markers to target prevention measures prioritizing HPV16-infected women and other hrHPV-infected women for test, vaccination and treat initiatives.

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  • Vaginal Microbiota and Local Immunity in HPV-Induced High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia: A Narrative Review
    Helena C. J. Schellekens, Lotte M. S. Schmidt, Servaas A. Morré, Edith M. G. van Esch, Peggy J. de Vos van Steenwijk
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(9): 3954.     CrossRef
  • The Vaginal Microbiota, Human Papillomavirus, and Cervical Dysplasia—A Review
    Justė Kazlauskaitė, Guoda Žukienė, Vilius Rudaitis, Daiva Bartkevičienė
    Medicina.2025; 61(5): 847.     CrossRef
  • Nanoparticles and the Vaginal Microbiota: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Innovations in Human Papilloma Virus-associated Cervical Cancer – A Systematic Review
    Saranya Velmurugan, Karthikeyan Ganesan, Archana Rajasundaram, C. Thangam, Rozario Cyril, Gowtham Kumar Subbaraj
    Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal.2025; 32(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Exploring the Interplay Between Cervicovaginal Microbiome, HPV Infection, and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Taiwanese Women
    Chung‐Yao Yang, Ting‐Chang Chang, Yi‐Tzu Lee, Ting‐Ying Shih, Chang‐Wei Li, Chao‐Min Cheng
    Journal of Medical Virology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A nomogram prediction model for embryo implantation outcomes based on the cervical microbiota of the infertile patients during IVF-FET
    Yanan Wu, Lingyun Shi, Zili Jin, Wenjun Chen, Fuxin Wang, Huihua Wu, Hong Li, Ce Zhang, Rui Zhu, Simone Filardo
    Microbiology Spectrum.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Interplay Between Cervicovaginal Microbiota Diversity, Lactobacillus Profiles and Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review
    Giosuè Giordano Incognito, Carlo Ronsini, Vittorio Palmara, Paola Romeo, Giuseppe Vizzielli, Stefano Restaino, Marco La Verde, Orazio De Tommasi, Marco Palumbo, Stefano Cianci
    Healthcare.2025; 13(6): 599.     CrossRef
  • Associations of the gut, cervical, and vaginal microbiota with cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Qin Wen, Shubin Wang, Yalan Min, Xinyi Liu, Jian Fang, Jinyi Lang, Meihua Chen
    BMC Women's Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Quantification of Lactobacillus spp. of interest for the study of the vaginal microbiota
    Vivian Heimbecker, Bárbara Pontarollo Dal Santos, Ana Paula Thomaz, Keite da Silva Nogueira, Camila Marconi
    Journal of Microbiological Methods.2025; 236: 107158.     CrossRef
  • Associations of Atopobium, Garderella, Megasphaera, Prevotella, Sneathia, and Streptococcus with human papillomavirus infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Yan Peng, Qin Tang, Shiming Wu, Chengzhi Zhao
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Role of Vaginal and Gut Microbiota in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Progression and Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review of Microbial Diversity and Probiotic Interventions
    Hrishikesh D Pai, Rashmi Baid, Nandita P Palshetkar, Rishma Pai, Arnav Pai, Rohan Palshetkar
    Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Translating the vaginal microbial landscape: a connecting link between bacterial vaginosis and preeclampsia
    Devanshi Gajjar, Sriram Seshadri
    Exploration of Immunology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Vaginal Microbiome and Pregnancy Complications: A Review
    Angeliki Gerede, Konstantinos Nikolettos, Eleftherios Vavoulidis, Chrysoula Margioula-Siarkou, Stamatios Petousis, Maria Giourga, Panagiotis Fotinopoulos, Maria Salagianni, Sofoklis Stavros, Konstantinos Dinas, Nikolaos Nikolettos, Ekaterini Domali
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(13): 3875.     CrossRef
  • Advancements in the Vaginal Microenvironment and Regression of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus
    Na He, Cunjian Yi, Qingsong Zeng, Wumei Jing, Wenrong He
    Indian Journal of Microbiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Research Progress on Related Factors of Cervical High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions
    红颖 王
    Advances in Clinical Medicine.2023; 13(12): 20536.     CrossRef
  • Role of the vaginal microbiome in miscarriage: exploring the relationship
    Marwa Saadaoui, Parul Singh, Osman Ortashi, Souhaila Al Khodor
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Rhizosphere Microbial Community and Metabolites of Susceptible and Resistant Tobacco Cultivars to Bacterial Wilt
Wan Zhao , Yanyan Li , Chunlei Yang , Yong Yang , Yun Hu
J. Microbiol. 2023;61(4):389-402.   Published online March 7, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00012-0
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Soil-borne diseases are closely related to rhizosphere microecosystem. While, plant species and genotypes are important factors affected rhizosphere microecosystem. In this study, the rhizosphere soil microbial community and metabolites of susceptible and resistant tobacco cultivars were investigated. The results showed that there were significant differences in the rhizosphere microbial community and metabolites between susceptible cultivar Yunyan87 and resistant cultivar Fandi3. Furthermore, the rhizosphere soil of Fandi3 showed a higher microbial diversity than that of Yunyan87. The abundance of R. solanacearum was much higher in the rhizosphere soil of Yunyan87 than in the rhizosphere soil of Fandi3, resulting in a higher disease incidence and index. While the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of Fandi3 were higher than that of Yunyan87. Additionally, there were significant differences in metabolites between Yunyan87 and Fandi3 cultivars, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid, vamillic aldehyde, benzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and phthalic acid were notably high in Yunyan87. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the rhizosphere microbial community of Fandi3 and Yunyan87 were highly correlated with various environmental factors and metabolites. Overall, susceptible and resistant tobacco cultivars had different impact on rhizosphere microbial community and metabolites. The results expand our understanding of the roles of tobacco cultivars in plant-micro-ecosystem interactions, and provide a basis for the control of tobacco bacterial wilt.

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  • Diversity and composition of soil microbial communities in the rhizospheres of late blight-resistant tomatoes after Phytophthora infestans inoculation
    Xinyan Zhou, Liyuan Liao, Ken Chen, Yan Yin, Lulu Qiu, Xinni Li, Qingshan Li, Shangdong Yang
    Frontiers in Plant Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • MAPK Cascades in Plant Microbiota Structure and Functioning
    Thijs Van Gerrewey, Hoo Sun Chung
    Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(3): 231.     CrossRef
  • Response of Soil Microorganisms and Phenolic to Pseudostelariae heterophylla Cultivation in Different Soil Types
    Yingying Liu, Dan Wu, Yongjun Kan, Li Zhao, Chang Jiang, Wensheng Pang, Juan Hu, Meilan Zhou
    Eurasian Soil Science.2024; 57(3): 446.     CrossRef
  • Response of bacterial community metabolites to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum: a multi-omics analysis
    Chengjian Wei, Jinchang Liang, Rui Wang, Luping Chi, Wenjing Wang, Jun Tan, Heli Shi, Xueru Song, Zhenzhen Cui, Qiang Xie, Dejie Cheng, Xiaoqiang Wang
    Frontiers in Plant Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Composition and Function of the Rhizosphere Bacterial Community of Paeonia lactiflora Varies with the Cultivar
    Liping Yang, Xin Wan, Runyang Zhou, Yingdan Yuan
    Biology.2023; 12(11): 1363.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of the response mechanisms of Pinellia ternata to terahertz wave stresses using transcriptome and metabolic data
    Dongdong Wang, Surendra Sarsaiya, Xu Qian, Leilei Jin, Fuxing Shu, Chuanyou Zhang, Jishuang Chen
    Frontiers in Plant Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
The Revision of Lichen Flora Around Maxwell Bay, King George Island, Maritime Antarctic
Jae Eun So , Josef P. Halda , Soon Gyu Hong , Jae&# , Ji Hee Kim
J. Microbiol. 2023;61(2):159-173.   Published online February 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00015-x
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Since the floristic study of lichens at the Barton and Weaver Peninsulas of King George Island in 2006, there have been intense investigations of the lichen flora of the two peninsulas as well as that of Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island in Maxwell Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctic. In this study, a total of 104 species belonging to 53 genera, are identified from investigations of lichens that were collected in austral summer seasons from 2008 to 2016. Phenotypic and molecular analyses were incorporated for taxonomic identification. In particular, 31 species are found to be endemic to the Antarctic and 22 species are newly recorded to the Maxwell Bay region. Lepra dactylina, Stereocaulon caespitosum, and Wahlenbergiella striatula are newly recorded in the Antarctic, and the previously reported taxon Cladonia furcata is excluded from the formerly recorded list due to misidentification. We also provide ecological and geographical information about lichen associations and habitat preferences.

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  • Lichens and Health—Trends and Perspectives for the Study of Biodiversity in the Antarctic Ecosystem
    Tatiana Prado, Wim Maurits Sylvain Degrave, Gabriela Frois Duarte
    Journal of Fungi.2025; 11(3): 198.     CrossRef
  • Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential of the Antarctic Lichen Gondwania regalis Ethanolic Extract: Metabolomic Profile and In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation
    Alfredo Torres-Benítez, José Erick Ortega-Valencia, Nicolás Jara-Pinuer, Jaqueline Stephanie Ley-Martínez, Salvador Herrera Velarde, Iris Pereira, Marta Sánchez, María Pilar Gómez-Serranillos, Ferdinando Carlo Sasso, Mario Simirgiotis, Alfredo Caturano
    Antioxidants.2025; 14(3): 298.     CrossRef
  • Morphology and molecular characterization of a new Chloroidium (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) species isolated from lichen in Antarctica
    Hyunsik Chae, Yung Mi Lee, Hyodong Lee, Jae Eun So, Jeongha So, Han‐Gu Choi, Sanghee Kim, Ji Hee Kim
    Phycological Research.2025; 73(2): 125.     CrossRef
  • Lichens of Larsemann Hills and adjacent oases in the area of Prydz Bay (Princess Elizabeth Land and MacRobertson Land, Antarctica)
    Mikhail Andreev (Mихаил АНДРЕЕВ)
    Polar Science.2023; 38: 101009.     CrossRef
Genome Sequencing Highlights the Plant Cell Wall Degrading Capacity of Edible Mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata
Mengpei Guo , Xiaolong Ma , Yan Zhou , Yinbing Bian , Gaolei Liu , Yingli Cai , Tianji Huang , Hongxia Dong , Dingjun Cai , Xueji Wan , Zhihong Wang , Yang Xiao , Heng Kang
J. Microbiol. 2023;61(1):83-93.   Published online February 1, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-00003-7
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The basidiomycetous edible mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata has excellent nutrition, medicine, bioremediation, and biocontrol properties. S. rugosoannulata has been widely and easily cultivated using agricultural by-products showing strong lignocellulose degradation capacity. However, the unavailable high-quality genome information has hindered the research on gene function and molecular breeding of S. rugosoannulata. This study provided a high-quality genome assembly and annotation from S. rugosoannulata monokaryotic strain QGU27 based on combined Illumina-Nanopore data. The genome size was about 47.97 Mb and consisted of 20 scaffolds, with an N50 of 3.73 Mb and a GC content of 47.9%. The repetitive sequences accounted for 17.41% of the genome, mostly long terminal repeats (LTRs). A total of 15,726 coding gene sequences were putatively identified with the BUSCO score of 98.7%. There are 142 genes encoding plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) in the genome, and 52, 39, 30, 11, 8, and 2 genes related to lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, chitin, and cutin degradation, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that S. rugosoannulata is superior in utilizing aldehyde-containing lignins and is possible to utilize algae during the cultivation.

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  • Analysis of Gene Regulatory Network and Transcription Factors in Different Tissues of the Stropharia rugosoannulata Fruiting Body
    Jia Lu, Jing Yan, Na Lu, Jiling Song, Jiayao Lin, Xiaohua Zhou, Xuebing Ying, Zhen Li, Zufa Zhou, Fangjie Yao
    Journal of Fungi.2025; 11(2): 123.     CrossRef
  • Livestock–Crop–Mushroom (LCM) Circular System: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Enhancing Plant Performance and Mitigating Microbiological Risks
    Dong Liu, Yousif Abdelrahman Yousif Abdellah, Tingting Dou, Katharina Maria Keiblinger, Ziyan Zhou, Parag Bhople, Jishao Jiang, Xiaofei Shi, Fengming Zhang, Fuqiang Yu, Baoshan Xing
    Environmental Science & Technology.2025; 59(17): 8541.     CrossRef
  • Crop–Mushroom Rotation: A Comprehensive Review of Its Multifaceted Impacts on Soil Quality, Agricultural Sustainability, and Ecosystem Health
    Tingting Dou, Kaixuan Zhang, Xiaofei Shi, Wei Liu, Fuqiang Yu, Dong Liu
    Agronomy.2025; 15(3): 563.     CrossRef
  • High-Resolution Core Gene-Associated Multiple Nucleotide Polymorphism (cgMNP) Markers for Strain Identification in the Wine Cap Mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata
    Fei Liu, Bin Cao, Hongmei Dai, Guojie Li, Shoumian Li, Wei Gao, Ruilin Zhao
    Microorganisms.2025; 13(7): 1685.     CrossRef
  • Isolation and Structural Characterization of Melanins from Red and Yellow Varieties of Stropharia rugosoannulata
    Zhen-Fei Xie, Wei-Wei Zhang, Shun-Yin Zhao, Xiao-Han Zhang, Shu-Ning You, Chun-Mei Liu, Guo-Qing Zhang
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(14): 6985.     CrossRef
  • The rise of Stropharia rugosoannulata industry in China: current state and prospects
    Lei Huang, Can Si, Chun-mei He, Xun-cheng Liu, Jun Duan
    Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Genetic Diversity and Agronomic Traits of Germplasm Resources of Stropharia rugosoannulata
    Miao Gu, Qiang Chen, Yan Zhang, Yongchang Zhao, Li Wang, Xiangli Wu, Mengran Zhao, Wei Gao
    Horticulturae.2024; 10(3): 213.     CrossRef
  • Molecular Profiling of Rice Straw Degradability Discrepancy in Stropharia rugosoannulata Core Germplasm
    Wenbing Gong, Yuyu Zeng, Xinru Li, Zhidong Zhao, Nan Shen, Yan Zhou, Yinbing Bian, Yang Xiao
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.2024; 72(45): 25379.     CrossRef
  • RETRACTED ARTICLE: Genome assembly of M. spongiola and comparative genomics of the genus Morchella provide initial insights into taxonomy and adaptive evolution
    Qing Meng, Zhanling Xie, Hongyan Xu, Jing Guo, Qingqing Peng, Yanyan Li, Jiabao Yang, Deyu Dong, Taizhen Gao, Fan Zhang
    BMC Genomics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Potential Use of Mycobacterium paragordonae for Antimycobacterial Drug Screening Systems
Ga-Yeong Cha , Hyejun Seo , Jaehun Oh , Byoung-Jun Kim , Bum-Joon Kim
J. Microbiol. 2023;61(1):121-129.   Published online January 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-00009-1
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Our recent genome-based study indicated that Mycobacterium paragordonae (Mpg) has evolved to become more adapted to an intracellular lifestyle within free-living environmental amoeba and its enhanced intracellular survival within Acanthamoeba castellanii was also proved. Here, we sought to investigate potential use of Mpg for antimycobacterial drug screening systems. Our data showed that Mpg is more susceptible to various antibiotics compared to the close species M. marinum (Mmar) and M. gordonae, further supporting its intracellular lifestyle in environments, which would explain its protection from environmental insults. In addition, we developed two bacterial whole-cell-based drug screening systems using a recombinant Mpg stain harboring a luciferase reporter vector (rMpg-LuxG13): one for direct application to rMpg-LuxG13 and the other for drug screening via the interaction of rMpg-LuxG13 with A. castellanii. Direct application to rMpg-LuxG13 showed lower inhibitory concentration 50 ( IC50) values of rifampin, isoniazid, clarithromycin, and ciprofloxacin against Mpg compared to Mmar. Application of drug screening system via the interaction of rMpg-LuxG13 with A. castellanii also exhibited lower IC50 values for rifampin against Mpg compared to Mmar. In conclusion, our data indicate that Mpg is more susceptible to various antibiotics than other strains. In addition, our data also demonstrate the feasibility of two whole cellbased drug screening systems using rMpg-LuxG13 strain for the discovery of novel anti-mycobacterial drugs.

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  • Mycobacterium paragordonae: Insights into its Research Progress and Potential Applications
    Hyejun Seo, Ju-Young Lee, Bum-Joon Kim
    Journal of Bacteriology and Virology.2024; 54(4): 273.     CrossRef
  • Protection against tuberculosis achieved by dissolving microneedle patches loaded with live Mycobacterium paragordonae in a BCG prime-boost strategy
    Mi-Hyun Lee, Hyejun Seo, Moon-Su Lee, Byoung Jun Kim, Hye Lin Kim, Du Hyung Lee, Jaehun Oh, Ju Yeop Shin, Ju Young Jin, Do Hyeon Jeong, Bum-Joon Kim
    Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Coumarin-based combined computational study to design novel drugs against Candida albicans
Akhilesh Kumar Maurya , Nidhi Mishra
J. Microbiol. 2022;60(12):1201-1207.   Published online November 10, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2279-5
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Candida species cause the most prevalent fungal illness, candidiasis. Candida albicans is known to cause bloodstream infections. This species is a commensal bacterium, but it can cause hospital–acquired diseases, particularly in COVID-19 patients with impaired immune systems. Candida infections have increased in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Coumarins are both naturally occurring and synthetically produced. In this study, the biological activity of 40 coumarin derivatives was used to create a three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model. The training and test minimum inhibitory concentration values of C. albicans active compounds were split, and a regression model based on statistical data was established. This model served as a foundation for the creation of coumarin derivative QSARs. This is a unique way to create new therapeutic compounds for various ailments. We constructed novel structural coumarin derivatives using the derived QSAR model, and the models were confirmed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation.

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    Farid M. Sroor, Ahmed Younis, Mohamed Abdelraof, Ismail A. Abdelhamid
    Journal of Molecular Structure.2025; 1331: 141520.     CrossRef
  • Coumarin derivatives ameliorate the intestinal inflammation and pathogenic gut microbiome changes in the model of infectious colitis through antibacterial activity
    Hui-su Jung, Yei Ju Park, Bon-Hee Gu, Goeun Han, Woonhak Ji, Su mi Hwang, Myunghoo Kim
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Therapeutic Effects of Coumarins with Different Substitution Patterns
    Virginia Flores-Morales, Ana P. Villasana-Ruíz, Idalia Garza-Veloz, Samantha González-Delgado, Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro
    Molecules.2023; 28(5): 2413.     CrossRef
  • Cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes combined with fluconazole: antifungal activity against resistant C. albicans
    Jun-Jian Lu, Zhi-Chang Xu, Hou Zhu, Lin-Yuan Zhu, Xiu-Rong Ma, Rui-Rui Wang, Rong-Tao Li, Rui-Rong Ye
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Genomic and physiological analysis of C50 carotenoid-producing novel Halorubrum ruber sp. nov.
Chi Young Hwang , Eui-Sang Cho , Won Jong Rhee , Eunjung Kim , Myung-Ji Seo
J. Microbiol. 2022;60(10):1007-1020.   Published online August 26, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2173-1
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AbstractAbstract PDF
A novel haloarchaeal species designated as MBLA0099T was isolated from seawater near Yeongheung Island. Cells were Gram-negative, non-motile, red-pigmented, and rod-shaped. They grew at 10–45°C, within pH 5.5–9.0, and between 7.5% and 30% NaCl concentrations. Cells were able to grow without Mg2+ and were lysed in distilled water. The size of the whole-genome and G + C content of DNA was 3.02 Mb and 68.9 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the strain MBLA0099T belongs to the genus Halorubrum. The average nucleotide and amino acid identity, and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values were below the species delineation threshold. Pan-genomic analysis revealed that 3.2% of all genes present in strain MBLA0099T were unique to the strain. The red carotenoid produced by strain MBLA0099T was subjected to spectrometric and chromatographic analyses and confirmed to be bacterioruberin as C50 carotenoid. Mevalonic acid, terpenoid backbone, and carotenoid biosynthesis pathway were annotated for strain MBLA0099T. The C50 carotenoid production by strain MBLA0099T was also enhanced under various stress conditions including relatively netural pH, high oxidative and salinity conditions. Additionally, the strain MBLA0099T-derived bacterioruberin showed the antioxidant activity with EC50 value of 12.29 μg/ml, based on the evaluation of DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The present study would be the first report on the identification of C50 carotenoid from the strain MBLA0099T representing a novel species of the genus Halorubrum, for which the name Halorubrum ruber sp. nov. is proposed. The typestrain used was MBLA0099T (= KCTC 4296T = JCM 34701T).

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Review
The crosstalk between bacteria and host autophagy: host defense or bacteria offense
Lin Zheng , Fang Wei , Guolin Li
J. Microbiol. 2022;60(5):451-460.   Published online April 29, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2009-z
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Xenophagy is a specific selective autophagy for the elimination of intracellular bacteria. Current evidence suggests that the processes for host autophagy system to recognize and eliminate invading bacteria are complex, and vary according to different pathogens. Although both ubiquitin-dependent and ubiquitin-independent autophagy exist in host to defense invading bacteria, successful pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to escape from or paralyze host autophagy system. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of host autophagy system to recognize and eliminate intracellular pathogens and the mechanisms of different pathogens to escape from or paralyze host autophagy system, with a particular focus on the most extensively studied bacteria.

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Journal Articles
Gamma-glutamyltransferase of Helicobacter pylori alters the proliferation, migration, and pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells by affecting metabolism and methylation status
Zeyu Wang , Weijun Wang , Huiying Shi , Lingjun Meng , Xin Jiang , Suya Pang , Mengke Fan , Rong Lin
J. Microbiol. 2022;60(6):627-639.   Published online April 18, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1575-4
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Virulence factor gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) of H. pylori consumes glutamine (Gln) in the stomach to decrease the tricarboxylic acid metabolite alpha-ketoglutarate (α-kg) and alter the downstream regulation of α-kg as well as cellular biological characteristics. Our previous research indicated that under H. pylori infection, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) migrated to the stomach and participated in gastric cancer (GC) development either by differentiating into epithelial cells or promoting angiogenesis. However, how MSCs themselves participate in H. pylori-indicated GC remains unclear. Therefore, a GGT knockout H. pylori strain (Hp- KS-1) was constructed, and downstream histone H3K9 and H3K27 methylation and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway of α-kg were detected using Western blotting. The biological characteristics of MSCs were also examined. An additive α-kg supplement was also added to H. pylori-treated MSCs to investigate alterations in these aspects. Compared to the control and Hp-KS-1 groups, H. pylori-treated MSCs reduced Gln and α-kg, increased H3K9me3 and H3K27me3, activated the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and promoted the proliferation, migration, self-renewal, and pluripotency of MSCs. The addition of α-kg rescued the H. pylori-induced alterations. Injection of MSCs to nude mice resulted in the largest tumors in the H. pylori group and significantly reduced tumor sizes in the Hp-KS-1 and α-kg groups. In summary, GGT of H. pylori affected MSCs by interfering with the metabolite α-kg to increase trimethylation of histone H3K9 and H3K27, activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and promoting proliferation, migration, self-renewal, and pluripotency in tumorigenesis, elucidating the mechanisms of MSCs in GC development.

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    Héctor A. Tapia, Camila García‐Navarrete, Patricio Silva, Joaquín Lizana, Carla Fonfach, Ignacio Pezoa‐Soto, Tania Flores, Nadia Hernández, Daniel Peña‐Oyarzún, Jorge Toledo, Safka Hernández‐Gutiérrez, Daniela Herrera, Manuel Varas‐Godoy, Denisse Bravo, V
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Lysobacter ciconiae sp. nov., and Lysobacter avium sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of an Oriental stork
So-Yeon Lee , Pil Soo Kim , Hojun Sung , Dong-Wook Hyun , Jin-Woo Bae
J. Microbiol. 2022;60(5):469-477.   Published online March 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1647-5
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Two Gram-stain-negative, mesophilic, strictly aerobic, nonspore forming, and yellow-pigmented strains with rod-shaped cells, designated H21R20T and H23M41T, were isolated from the faeces of an Oriental stork (Ciconia boyciana). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, both strains showed the highest similarity (98.3−98.4%) to the type strain of Lysobacter concretionis. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA genes and 92 bacterial core genes showed that strains H21R20T and H23M41T were robustly clustered with L. concretionis Ko07T. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the genomes of both strains were approximately 2.9 Mb in size. The DNA G + C contents of the H21R20T and H23M41T strains were 67.3 and 66.6%, respectively. The two strains showed 80.1−81.7% average nucleotide identity with L. concretionis Ko07T. Strain H21R20T grew optimally at 30°C and pH 8.0 and in the presence of 0.5–3% (wt/vol) NaCl, while strain H23M41T grew optimally at 30°C and pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 0–3% (wt/vol) NaCl. Both strains possessed iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and summed feature 9 (iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl) as the major cellular fatty acids, ubiquinone Q-8 as a predominant quinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine as the major polar lipids. A multifaceted investigation demonstrated that strains H21R20T and H23M41T represent novel species of the genus Lysobacter, for which we propose the names Lysobacter ciconiae sp. nov. and Lysobacter avium sp. nov. for strains H21R20T (= KCTC 82316T = JCM 34832T) and H23M41T (= KCTC 62676T = JCM 33223T), respectively.

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Reviews
T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in humans and animals
Sameer-ul-Salam Mattoo , Jinjong Myoung
J. Microbiol. 2022;60(3):276-289.   Published online February 14, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1624-z
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AbstractAbstract PDF
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, first emerged in 2019. Antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 have been given a lot of attention. However, the armamentarium of humoral and T cells may have differing roles in different viral infections. Though the exact role of T cells in COVID-19 remains to be elucidated, prior experience with human coronavirus has revealed an essential role of T cells in the outcomes of viral infections. Moreover, an increasing body of evidence suggests that T cells might be effective against SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes the role of T cells in mouse CoV, human pathogenic respiratory CoV in general and SARSCoV- 2 in specific.

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    Tae-Hun Kim, Sojung Bae, Jinjong Myoung
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    Björn Corleis, Max Bastian, Donata Hoffmann, Martin Beer, Anca Dorhoi
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    Tae-Hun Kim, Sojung Bae, Sunggeun Goo, Jinjong Myoung
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    Jinjong Myoung
    Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(3): 235.     CrossRef
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    Irina Isakova-Sivak, Ekaterina Stepanova, Victoria Matyushenko, Sergei Niskanen, Daria Mezhenskaya, Ekaterina Bazhenova, Elena Krutikova, Tatiana Kotomina, Polina Prokopenko, Bogdan Neterebskii, Aleksandr Doronin, Elena Vinogradova, Kirill Yakovlev, Konst
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SARS-CoV-2-mediated evasion strategies for antiviral interferon pathways
Soo-Jin Oh , Ok Sarah Shin
J. Microbiol. 2022;60(3):290-299.   Published online February 5, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1525-1
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AbstractAbstract PDF
With global expansion of the COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of new variants, extensive efforts have been made to develop highly effective antiviral drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The interactions of coronaviruses with host antiviral interferon pathways ultimately determine successful viral replication and SARS-CoV-2-induced pathogenesis. Innate immune receptors play an essential role in host defense against SARS-CoV-2 via the induction of IFN production and signaling. Here, we summarize the recent advances in innate immune sensing mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and various strategies by which SARS-CoV-2 antagonizes antiviral innate immune signaling pathways, with a particular focus on mechanisms utilized by multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins to evade interferon induction and signaling in host cell. Understanding the underlying immune evasion mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for the improvement of vaccines and therapeutic strategies.

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Journal Articles
Adaptation of Pseudomonas helmanticensis to fat hydrolysates and SDS: fatty acid response and aggregate formation
Ilya N. Zubkov , Anatoly P. Nepomnyshchiy , Vadim D. Kondratyev , Pavel N. Sorokoumov , Konstantin V. Sivak , Edward S. Ramsay , Sergey M. Shishlyannikov
J. Microbiol. 2021;59(12):1104-1111.   Published online October 26, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1214-5
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AbstractAbstract PDF
An essential part of designing any biotechnological process is examination of the physiological state of producer cells in different phases of cultivation. The main marker of a bacterial cell’s state is its fatty acid (FA) profile, reflecting membrane lipid composition. Consideration of FA composition enables assessment of bacterial responses to cultivation conditions and helps biotechnologists understand the most significant factors impacting cellular metabolism. In this work, soil SDS-degrading Pseudomonas helmanticensis was studied at the fatty acid profile level, including analysis of rearrangement between planktonic and aggregated forms. The set of substrates included fat hydrolysates, SDS, and their mixtures with glucose. Such media are useful in bioplastic production since they can help incrementally lower overall costs. Conventional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for FA analysis. Acridine orange-stained aggregates were observed by epifluorescence microscopy. The bacterium was shown to change fatty acid composition in the presence of hydrolyzed fats or SDS. These changes seem to be driven by the depletion of metabolizable substrates in the culture medium. Cell aggregation has also been found to be a defense strategy, particularly with anionic surfactant (SDS) exposure. It was shown that simple fluidity indices (such as saturated/ unsaturated FA ratios) do not always sufficiently characterize a cell's physiological state, and morphological examination is essential in cases where complex carbon sources are used.

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  • Effect of different diet composition on the fat profile of two different black soldier fly larvae populations
    M. Tognocchi, L. Abenaim, C. Adamaki-Sotiraki, G.C. Athanassiou, I.C. Rumbos, M. Mele, B. Conti, G. Conte
    animal.2024; 18(7): 101205.     CrossRef
  • Earth to Mars: A Protocol for Characterizing Permafrost in the Context of Climate Change as an Analog for Extraplanetary Exploration
    Kimberley R. Miner, Joseph Razzell Hollis, Charles E. Miller, Kyle Uckert, Thomas A. Douglas, Emily Cardarelli, Rachel Mackelprang
    Astrobiology.2023; 23(9): 1006.     CrossRef
  • Preparation of polyhydroxyalkanoates using Pseudomonas helmanticensis in non-sterile media containing glycerol and sodium dodecyl sulfate
    I. N. Zubkov, Yu. S. Bukin, P. N. Sorokoumov, S. M. Shishlyannikov
    Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology.2022; 12(3): 479.     CrossRef
The comparison of microbial communities in thyroid tissues from thyroid carcinoma patients
Chen-Jian Liu , Si-Qian Chen , Si-Yao Zhang , Jia-Lun Wang , Xiao-Dan Tang , Kun-Xian Yang , Xiao-Ran Li
J. Microbiol. 2021;59(11):988-1001.   Published online October 6, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1271-9
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Thyroid carcinoma is a common endocrine organ cancer associated with abnormal hormone secretion, leading to the disorder of metabolism. The intestinal microbiota is vital to maintain digestive and immunologic homeostasis. The relevant information of the microbial community in the gut and thyroid, including composition, structure, and relationship, is unclear in thyroid carcinoma patients. A total of 93 samples from 25 patients were included in this study. The results showed that microbial communities existed in thyroid tissue; gut and thyroid had high abundance of facultative anaerobes from the Proteobacteria phyla. The microbial metabolism from the thyroid and gut may be affected by the thyroid carcinoma cells. The cooccurrence network showed that the margins of different thyroid tissues were unique areas with more competition; the stabilization of microcommunities from tissue and stool may be maintained by several clusters of species that may execute different vital metabolism processes dominantly that are attributed to the microenvironment of cancer.

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    Weiqiang Huang, Tao Jiang, Jiaxuan He, Jing Ruan, Baihui Wu, Runchao Tao, Peiye Xu, Yongpan Wang, Rongbing Chen, Hanbing Wang, Qinsi Yang, Kun Zhang, Libo Jin, Da Sun, Jinfeng You
    Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins.2025; 17(3): 1038.     CrossRef
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    Shan Liu, Xiaoliang Xiong, Tingting Hao, Xue Shi, Yinlong Zhao
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Lihua Fang, Jie Ning
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    Xiaohe Sun, Shuai Chen, Shuoqi Zhao, Jingwen Wang, Haibo Cheng
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hanieh Ataollahi, Mehdi Hedayati, Noosha Zia-Jahromi, Maryam Daneshpour, Seyed Davar Siadat
    Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2024; 204: 104545.     CrossRef
  • The relationship between thyroid and human-associated microbiota: A systematic review of reviews
    Camilla Virili, Ilaria Stramazzo, Maria Flavia Bagaglini, Anna Lucia Carretti, Silvia Capriello, Francesco Romanelli, Pierpaolo Trimboli, Marco Centanni
    Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders.2024; 25(1): 215.     CrossRef
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    Zilan Xie, Jiating Zhou, Xuan Zhang, Zhi Li
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    Kazumasa Sekihara, Hidetomo Himuro, Soji Toda, Nao Saito, Ryoichi Hirayama, Nobuyasu Suganuma, Tetsuro Sasada, Daisuke Hoshino
    Biomedicines.2024; 12(6): 1286.     CrossRef
  • Intratumoral Bacteria Dysbiosis Is Associated with Human Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Correlated with Oncogenic Signaling Pathways
    Shuang Yu, Yanqiang Ding, Xuejie Wang, Siu Kin Ng, Siting Cao, Weixin Liu, Zhuming Guo, Yubin Xie, Shubin Hong, Lixia Xu, Xiaoxing Li, Jie Li, Weiming Lv, Sui Peng, Yanbing Li, Joseph J.Y. Sung, Jun Yu, Haipeng Xiao
    Engineering.2023; 28: 179.     CrossRef
  • Causal analysis of the gut microbiota in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
    Zheng Quan, Xiaoyu Zhang, Shilong Wang, Yong Meng
    Frontiers in Genetics.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Tumor Microbial Communities and Thyroid Cancer Development—The Protective Role of Antioxidant Nutrients: Application Strategies and Future Directions
    Francesca Gorini, Alessandro Tonacci
    Antioxidants.2023; 12(10): 1898.     CrossRef
  • Interaction of Gut Microbiota with Endocrine Homeostasis and Thyroid Cancer
    Qi Liu, Wei Sun, Hao Zhang
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Characterization of staphylococcal endolysin LysSAP33 possessing untypical domain composition
Jun-Hyeok Yu , Do-Won Park , Jeong-A Lim , Jong-Hyun Park
J. Microbiol. 2021;59(9):840-847.   Published online August 12, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1242-1
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Endolysin, a peptidoglycan hydrolase derived from bacteriophage, has been suggested as an alternative antimicrobial agent. Many endolysins on staphylococcal phages have been identified and applied extensively against Staphylococcus spp. Among them, LysK-like endolysin, a well-studied staphylococcal endolysin, accounts for most of the identified endolysins. However, relatively little interest has been paid to LysKunlike endolysin and a few of them has been characterized. An endolysin LysSAP33 encoded on bacteriophage SAP33 shared low homology with LysK-like endolysin in sequence by 41% and domain composition (CHAP-unknown CBD). A green fluorescence assay using a fusion protein for Lys- SAP33_CBD indicated that the CBD domain (157-251 aa) was bound to the peptidoglycan of S. aureus. The deletion of LysSAP33_CBD at the C-terminal region resulted in a significant decrease in lytic activity and efficacy. Compared to LysK-like endolysin, LysSAP33 retained its lytic activity in a broader range of temperature, pH, and NaCl concentrations. In addition, it showed a higher activity against biofilms than LysK-like endolysin. This study could be a helpful tool to develop our understanding of staphylococcal endolysins not belonging to LysK-like endolysins and a potential biocontrol agent against biofilms.

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  • Phage-Derived Endolysins Against Resistant Staphylococcus spp.: A Review of Features, Antibacterial Activities, and Recent Applications
    Mina Golban, Javad Charostad, Hossein Kazemian, Hamid Heidari
    Infectious Diseases and Therapy.2025; 14(1): 13.     CrossRef
  • Characterization of a phage endolysin LysLFP01 and its antibacterial activity
    Qiannan Wen, Xuecheng Huang, Wenxin Ma, Yingtong Chen, Luyao Wang, Yang Ma, Xia Chen
    International Journal of Food Microbiology.2025; 432: 111110.     CrossRef
  • ZAM-CS, a novel chimeric endolysin with enhanced stability and rapid action against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    Yasaman Ahmadbeigi, Neda Soleimani, Farzaneh Azizmohseni, Zahra Amini-Bayat
    BMC Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Molecular Machinery of the Triad Holin, Endolysin, and Spanin: Key Players Orchestrating Bacteriophage-Induced Cell Lysis and their Therapeutic Applications
    Safia Samir
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  • A Novel Truncated CHAP Modular Endolysin, CHAPSAP26-161, That Lyses Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Clostridioides difficile, and Exhibits Therapeutic Effects in a Mouse Model of A. baumannii Infection
    Yoon-Jung Choi, Shukho Kim, Ram Hari Dahal, Jungmin Kim
    Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024; 34(8): 1718.     CrossRef
  • Therapeutic potential of bacteriophage endolysins for infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria
    He Liu, Zhen Hu, Mengyang Li, Yi Yang, Shuguang Lu, Xiancai Rao
    Journal of Biomedical Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Endolysin, a Promising Solution against Antimicrobial Resistance
    Mujeeb ur Rahman, Weixiao Wang, Qingqing Sun, Junaid Ali Shah, Chao Li, Yanmei Sun, Yuanrui Li, Bailing Zhang, Wei Chen, Shiwei Wang
    Antibiotics.2021; 10(11): 1277.     CrossRef
Raman spectroscopy reveals alteration of spore compositions under different nutritional conditions in Lysinibacillus boronitolerans YS11
Youngung Ryu , Minyoung Hong , Soo Bin Kim , Tae Kwon Lee , Woojun Park
J. Microbiol. 2021;59(5):491-499.   Published online March 29, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0679-6
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Little is known about final spores components when bacteria undergo sporulation under different nutrient conditions. Different degrees of resistance and germination rates were observed in the three types of spores of Lysinibacillus boronitolerans YS11 (SD, Spores formed in Difco sporulation mediumTM; SC and SF, Spores formed in an agricultural byproduct medium with 10 mM CaCl2 and with 10 mM FeSO4, respectively). Stronger UV resistance was recorded for SF with 1.8–2.3-fold greater survival than SC and SD under UV treatment. The three spore types showed similar heat resistances at 80°C, but survival rates of SC and SD were much higher (~1,000 times) than those of SF at 90°C. However, germination capacity of SF was 20% higher than those of SD and SC on Luria-Bertani agar plates for 24 h. SF germinated more rapidly in a liquid medium with high NaCl concentrations than SC and SD, but became slower under alkaline conditions. Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the heterogeneities in the three types of vegetative cells and their spores under different nutritional conditions. Exponentially grown-each vegetative cells had different overall Raman peak values. Raman peaks of SC, SD, and SF also showed differences in adenine and amide III compositions and nucleic acid contents. Our data along with Raman spectroscopy provided the evidence that spores formed under under different growth conditions possess very different cellular components, which affected their survival and germination rates.

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    Xiao Hu, Pengfei Ge, Xiaomeng Wang, Xinyu Liao, Jinsong Feng, Ruiling Lv, Tian Ding
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    Yerim Park, Wonjae Kim, Yeji Cha, Minkyung Kim, Woojun Park
    Harmful Algae.2024; 137: 102680.     CrossRef
  • Effects of sporulation conditions on the growth, germination, and resistance of Clostridium perfringens spores
    Dong Liang, Xiaoshuang Cui, Miaoyun Li, Yaodi Zhu, Lijun Zhao, Shijie Liu, Gaiming Zhao, Na Wang, Yangyang Ma, Lina Xu
    International Journal of Food Microbiology.2023; 396: 110200.     CrossRef
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    Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal, Varish Ahmad
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  • Discrimination of Stressed and Non-Stressed Food-Related Bacteria Using Raman-Microspectroscopy
    Daniel Klein, René Breuch, Jessica Reinmüller, Carsten Engelhard, Peter Kaul
    Foods.2022; 11(10): 1506.     CrossRef
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    R. A. Grosso, A. R. Walther, E. Brunbech, A. Sørensen, B. Schebye, K. E. Olsen, H. Qu, M. A. B. Hedegaard, E. C. Arnspang
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    Minkyung Kim, Wonjae Kim, Yunho Lee, Woojun Park
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Functional and structural characterization of Deinococcus radiodurans R1 MazEF toxin-antitoxin system, Dr0416-Dr0417
Immanuel Dhanasingh , Eunsil Choi , Jeongeun Lee , Sung Haeng Lee , Jihwan Hwang
J. Microbiol. 2021;59(2):186-201.   Published online February 1, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0523-z
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AbstractAbstract PDF
In prokaryotes, toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are commonly found. They likely reflect the adaptation of pathogenic bacteria or extremophiles to various unfavorable environments by slowing their growth rate. Genomic analysis of the extremophile Deinococcus radiodurans R1 revealed the presence of eight type II TA systems, including the genes dr0417, dr0660, dr1530, dr0690, and dr1807. Expression of these toxin genes led to inhibition of Escherichia coli growth, whereas their antidote antitoxins were able to recover the growth defect. Remarkably, Dr0417 (DrMazF) showed endoribonuclease activity toward rRNAs as well as mRNAs, as determined by in vivo and in vitro RNA cleavage assays, and this activity was inhibited by Dr0416 (DrMazE). It was also found that the expression of dr0416-0417 module is directly regulated by the DrMazE-MazF complex. Furthermore, this TA module was induced under stress conditions and plays an important role in survival. To understand the regulatory mechanism at the molecular level, we determined the first high-resolution structures of DrMazF alone and of the DrMazE-MazF complex. In contrast with the hetero-hexameric state of typical MazEMazF complexes found in other species, DrMazE-MazF crystal structure consists of a hetero-trimer, with the DNA-binding domain of DrMazE undergoing self-cleavage at the flexible linker loop. Our structure revealed that the unique residue R54 provides an additional positive charge to the substratebinding pocket of DrMazF, its mutation significantly affects the endonuclease activity. Thus, our work reports the unique structural and biochemical features of the DrMazE-MazF system.

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    Valentin Lombard, Dan Timsit, Sergei Grudinin, Elodie Laine
    Structure.2025; 33(9): 1577.     CrossRef
  • Focused Overview of Mycobacterium tuberculosis VapBC Toxin–Antitoxin Systems Regarding Their Structural and Functional Aspects: Including Insights on Biomimetic Peptides
    Sung-Min Kang
    Biomimetics.2023; 8(5): 412.     CrossRef
  • Functional characterization of HigBA toxin-antitoxin system in an Arctic bacterium, Bosea sp. PAMC 26642
    Eunsil Choi, Ahhyun Huh, Changmin Oh, Jeong-Il Oh, Ho Young Kang, Jihwan Hwang
    Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(2): 192.     CrossRef
  • Identification and characterization of the type II toxin-antitoxin systems in the carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
    Alireza Japoni-Nejad, Elnaz Harifi Mood, Parastoo Ehsani, Soroush Sardari, Fatemah Sadeghpour Heravi, Saeid Bouzari, Nader Shahrokhi
    Microbial Pathogenesis.2021; 158: 105052.     CrossRef
Biophysical characterization of antibacterial compounds derived from pathogenic fungi Ganoderma boninense
Syahriel Abdullah , Yoon Sin Oh , Min-Kyu Kwak , KhimPhin Chong
J. Microbiol. 2021;59(2):164-174.   Published online December 23, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0551-8
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AbstractAbstract PDF
There have been relatively few studies which support a link between Ganoderma boninense, a phytopathogenic fungus that is particularly cytotoxic and pathogenic to plant tissues and roots, and antimicrobial compounds. We previously observed that liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using chloroformmethanol- water at a ratio (1:1:1) was superior at detecting antibacterial activities and significant quantities of antibacterial compounds. Herein, we demonstrate that antibacterial secondary metabolites are produced from G. boninense mycelia. Antibacterial compounds were monitored in concurrent biochemical and biophysical experiments. The combined
methods
included high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The antibacterial compounds derived from mycelia with chloroform-methanol extraction through LLE were isolated via a gradient solvent elution system using HPTLC. The antibacterial activity of the isolated compounds was observed to be the most potent against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and multidrug-resistant S. aureus NCTC 11939. GC-MS, HPLC, and FTIR analysis confirmed two antibacterial compounds, which were identified as 4,4,14α-trimethylcholestane (m/z = 414.75; lanostane, C30H54) and ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol (m/z = 396.65; ergosterol, C28H44O). With the aid of spectroscopic evaluations, ganoboninketal (m/z = 498.66, C30H42O6), which belongs to the 3,4-seco-27-norlanostane triterpene family, was additionally characterized by 2D-NMR analysis. Despite the lack of antibacterial potential exhibited by lanostane; both ergosterol and ganoboninketal displayed significant antibacterial activities against bacterial pathogens. Results provide evidence for the existence of bioactive compounds in the mycelia of the relatively unexplored phytopathogenic G. boninense, together with a robust method for estimating the corresponding potent antibacterial secondary metabolites.

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    Subhra De, Prince Chawla, Sanju Bala Dhull, Gulden Goksen, Anarase Dattatray Arjun, Aarti Bains, Nadica Maltar Strmečki
    Journal of Food Biochemistry.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Optimization of Ganoderma lingzhi triterpene extraction method and its hypoglycemic activity
    Shuang Hua, Yanshuang Li, Feng Jin, Meiyao Gan, Xianshun Jiang, Ying Zhang, Bo Zhang, Xiao Li
    Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology.2025; 55(9): 1180.     CrossRef
  • Exploring the health benefits of Ganoderma: antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of action
    Samantha C. Karunarathna, Nimesha M. Patabendige, Kalani K. Hapuarachchi, Itthayakorn Promputtha
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Priya Chaudhary, Devendra Singh, Mukesh Meena, Pracheta Janmeda
    Current Analytical Chemistry.2025; 21(5): 559.     CrossRef
  • Anti-Staphylococcus aureus potential of compounds from Ganoderma sp.: A comprehensive molecular docking and simulation approaches
    Trang Thi Thu Nguyen, Trinh Thi Tuyet Nguyen, Hoang Duc Nguyen, Tan Khanh Nguyen, Phu Tran Vinh Pham, Linh Thuy Thi Tran, Hong Khuyen Thi Pham, Phu Chi Hieu Truong, Linh Thuoc Tran, Manh Hung Tran
    Heliyon.2024; 10(7): e28118.     CrossRef
  • Medium composition optimization and characterization of polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma boninense along with antioxidant activity
    Qian-Zhu Li, Chuan Xiong, Wei Chee Wong, Li-Wei Zhou
    International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2024; 260: 129528.     CrossRef
  • Plant Defense Inducers and Antioxidant Metabolites Produced During Oil Palm-Ganoderma boninense Interaction In Vitro
    Neda Shokrollahi, Chai-Ling Ho, Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin, Mohd As’wad Bin Abdul Wahab, Mui-Yun Wong
    Chemistry Africa.2023; 6(1): 499.     CrossRef
  • Identification of Antibacterial Metabolites from Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, Isolated from Albizia lucidior Leaves (Fabaceae), Utilizing Metabolomic and Molecular Docking Techniques
    Mai E. Hussein, Osama G. Mohamed, Ahlam M. El-Fishawy, Hesham I. El-Askary, Amira S. El-Senousy, Ahmed A. El-Beih, Eman S. Nossier, Ahmed M. Naglah, Abdulrahman A. Almehizia, Ashootosh Tripathi, Ahmed A. Hamed
    Molecules.2022; 27(3): 1117.     CrossRef
  • Bioactive Compounds of Ganoderma boninense Inhibited Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Growth by Affecting Their Cell Membrane Permeability and Integrity
    Yow-San Chan, Khim-Phin Chong
    Molecules.2022; 27(3): 838.     CrossRef
  • Review Update on the Life Cycle, Plant–Microbe Interaction, Genomics, Detection and Control Strategies of the Oil Palm Pathogen Ganoderma boninense
    Izwan Bharudin, Anis Farhan Fatimi Ab Wahab, Muhammad Asyraff Abd Samad, Ng Xin Yie, Madihah Ahmad Zairun, Farah Diba Abu Bakar, Abdul Munir Abdul Murad
    Biology.2022; 11(2): 251.     CrossRef
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    Clément Huguet, Mélanie Bourjot, Jean-Michel Bellanger, Gilles Prévost, Aurélie Urbain
    Applied Sciences.2022; 12(10): 5229.     CrossRef
Genetic linkage map construction and quantitative trait loci mapping of agronomic traits in Gloeostereum incarnatum
Wan-Zhu Jiang , Fang-Jie Yao , Li-Xin Lu , Ming Fang , Peng Wang , You-Min Zhang , Jing-Jing Meng , Jia Lu , Xiao-Xu Ma , Qi He , Kai-Sheng Shao
J. Microbiol. 2021;59(1):41-50.   Published online November 17, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0242-5
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Gloeostereum incarnatum is an edible medicinal mushroom widely grown in China. Using the whole genome of G. incarnatum, simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed and synthetic primers were designed to construct its first genetic linkage map. The 1,048.6 cm map is composed of 10 linkage groups and contains 183 SSR markers. In total, 112 genome assembly sequences were anchored, representing 16.43 Mb and covering 46.41% of the genome. Selfing populations were used for quantitative trait loci (QTL) targeting, and the composite interval mapping method was used to co-localize the mycelium growth rate (potato dextrose agar and sawdust), growth period, yield and fruiting body length, and width and thickness. The 14 QTLs of agronomic traits had LOD values of 3.20–6.51 and contribution rates of 2.22– 13.18%. No linkage relationship was found between the mycelium growth rate and the growth period, but a linkage relationship was observed among the length, width and thickness of the fruiting bodies. Using NCBI’s BLAST alignment, the genomic sequences corresponding to the QTL regions were compared, and a TPR-like protein candidate gene was selected. Using whole-genome data, 138 candidate genes were found in four sequence fragments of two SSR markers located in the same scaffold. The genetic map and QTLs established in this study will aid in developing selective markers for agronomic traits and identifying corresponding genes, thereby providing a scientific basis for the further gene mapping of quantitative traits and the marker-assisted selection of functional genes in G. incarnatum breeding programs.

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    Yaping Liu, Jumpei Nishishita, Chengwei Liu, Hideaki Oikawa, Atsushi Minami
    JACS Au.2025; 5(2): 740.     CrossRef
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    Jia Lu, Lixin Lu, Fangjie Yao, Ming Fang, Xiaoxu Ma, Jingjing Meng, Kaisheng Shao
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    Junxiao Sun, Cuirong Luo, Bo Peng, Guohui Peng, Yunfei Tan, Xufeng Bai
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    Jia Lu, Ming Fang, Fangjie Yao, Lixin Lu, Xiaoxu Ma, Jingjing Meng, Kaisheng Shao
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    Kameron T Wittmeyer, Sara J Oppenheim, Keith R Hopper, J Hesselberth
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    Zhen Li, Lan Yun, Zhiqi Gao, Tian Wang, Xiaomin Ren, Yan Zhao
    Frontiers in Plant Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Analysis of the Genome Sequence of Strain GiC-126 of Gloeostereum incarnatum with Genetic Linkage Map
    Wan-Zhu Jiang, Fang-Jie Yao, Ming Fang, Li-Xin Lu, You-Min Zhang, Peng Wang, Jing-Jing Meng, Jia Lu, Xiao-Xu Ma, Qi He, Kai-Sheng Shao, Asif Ali Khan, Yun-Hui Wei
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[PROTOCOL]A Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis (STM)-based murine-infectivity assay for Cryptococcus neoformans
Kwang-Woo Jung , Kyung-Tae Lee , Yong-Sun Bahn
J. Microbiol. 2020;58(10):823-831.   Published online September 29, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0341-8
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) is a high-throughput genetic technique that can be used to investigate the function of genes by constructing a large number of mutant strains with unique DNA identification tags, pooling them, and screening them for a particular phenotypic trait. STM was first designed for the identification of genes that contribute to the virulence or infectivity of a pathogen in its host. Recently, this
method
has also been applied for the identification of mutants with specific phenotypes, such as antifungal drug resistance and proliferation. In the present study, we describe an STM
method
for the identification of genes contributing to the infectivity of Cryptococcus neoformans using a mutant library, in which each strain was tagged with a unique DNA sequence.

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    Dayoung Sung, Garam Choi, Minji Ahn, Hokyung Byun, Tae Young Kim, Hojun Lee, Zee-Won Lee, Ji Yong Park, Young Hyun Jung, Ho Jae Han, Sang Ho Choi
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Caspase-3 inhibitor inhibits enterovirus D68 production
Wenbo Huo , Jinghua Yu , Chunyu Liu , Ting Wu , Yue Wang , Xiangling Meng , Fengmei Song , Shuxia Zhang , Ying Su , Yumeng Liu , Jinming Liu , Xiaoyan Yu , Shucheng Hua
J. Microbiol. 2020;58(9):812-820.   Published online September 1, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0241-y
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Enterovirus D68 (EVD68) is an emerging pathogen that recently caused a large worldwide outbreak of severe respiratory disease in children. However, the relationship between EVD68 and host cells remains unclear. Caspases are involved in cell death, immune response, and even viral production. We found that caspase-3 was activated during EVD68 replication to induce apoptosis. Caspase-3 inhibitor (Z-DEVDFMK) inhibited viral production, protected host cells from the cytopathic effects of EVD68 infection, and prevented EVD68 from regulating the host cell cycle at G0/G1. Meanwhile, caspase-3 activator (PAC-1) increased EVD68 production. EVD68 infection therefore activates caspase-3 for virus production. This knowledge provides a potential direction for the prevention and treatment of disease related to EVD68.

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Review
Recent advances in the development of β-lactamase inhibitors
Shivakumar S. Jalde , Hyun Kyung Choi
J. Microbiol. 2020;58(8):633-647.   Published online July 27, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0285-z
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AbstractAbstract PDF
β-Lactam antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed antibiotics worldwide; however, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global challenge. The β-lactam resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is due to the production of β-lactamases, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases, metallo-β-lactamases, and carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases. To restore the efficacy of BLAs, the most successful strategy is to use them in combination with β-lactamase inhibitors (BLI). Here we review the medically relevant β-lactamase families and penicillins, diazabicyclooctanes, boronic acids, and novel chemical scaffold-based BLIs, in particular approved and under clinical development.

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Journal Articles
Vibrio parahaemolyticus cqsA controls production of quorum sensing signal molecule 3-hydroxyundecan-4-one and regulatessensing signal molecule 3-hydroxyundecan-4-one and regulates colony morphology
Kui Wu , Yangyun Zheng , Qingping Wu , Haiying Chen , Songzhe Fu , Biao Kan , Yongyan Long , Xiansheng Ni , Junling Tu
J. Microbiol. 2019;57(12):1105-1114.   Published online November 4, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9379-x
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AbstractAbstract PDF
In order to adapt to different environments, Vibrio parahaemolyticus employed a complicated quorum sensing system to orchestrate gene expression and diverse colony morphology patterns. In this study, the function of the putative quorum sensing signal synthase gene cqsA (VPA0711 in V. parahaemolyticus strain RIMD2210633 genome) was investigated. The cloning and expression of V. parahaemolyticus cqsA in Escherichia coli system induced the production of a new quorum sensing signal that was found in its culture supernatant. The signal was purified by high performance liquid chromatography
methods
and determined to be 3-hydroxyundecan- 4-one by indirect and direct mass spectra assays. The deletion of cqsA in RIMD2210633 changed V. parahaemolyticus colony morphology from the classical ‘fried-egg’ shape (thick and opaque in the center, while thin and translucent in the edge) of the wild-type colony to a ‘pancake’ shape (no significant difference between the centre and the edge) of the cqsAdeleted colony. This morphological change could be restored by complementary experiment with cqsA gene or the signal extract. In addition, the expression of opaR, a well-known quorum sensing regulatory gene, could be up-regulated by cqsA deletion. Our results suggested that V. parahaemolyticus used cqsA to produce 3-hydroxyundecan-4-one signal and thereby regulated colony morphology and other quorum sensing-associated behaviors.

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  • Antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors and phylogenetic profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the eastern coast of Shenzhen
    Xian Qiang Lian, Guo Dong Liu, Miao Fen Huang, Qiu Hua Fan, Zi Dan Lin
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  • Quorum sensing signal synthases enhance Vibrio parahaemolyticus swarming motility
    Fuwen Liu, Fei Wang, Yixuan Yuan, Xiaoran Li, Xiaojun Zhong, Menghua Yang
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  • Regulation of Virulence Factors Expression During the Intestinal Colonization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
    Jingyu Wang, Yuming Zhan, Han Sun, Xiaodan Fu, Qing Kong, Changliang Zhu, Haijin Mou
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  • Supplementation of ex situ produced bioflocs improves immune response against AHPND in Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) postlarvae
    Magdalena Lenny Situmorang, Umaporn Uawisetwathana, Sopacha Arayamethakorn, Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri, Wanilada Rungrassamee, Haniswita Haniswita, Peter Bossier, Gede Suantika
    Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2022; 106(9-10): 3751.     CrossRef
  • A novel finding of intra-genus inhibition of quorum sensing in Vibrio bacteria
    Huong Thanh Hoang, Thuy Thu Thi Nguyen, Ha Minh Do, Thao Kim Nu Nguyen, Hai The Pham
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  • CqsA-introduced quorum sensing inhibits type VI secretion system 2 through an OpaR-dependent pathway in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
    Kui Wu, Yongyan Long, Qian Liu, Wei Wang, Guoyin Fan, Hui Long, Yangyun Zheng, Xiansheng Ni, Shengen Chen, Haiying Chen, Shufen Shuai
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  • CqsA inhibits the virulence of Vibrio harveyi to the pearl gentian grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂Epinephelus lanceolatus)
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  • Adaptations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to Stress During Environmental Survival, Host Colonization, and Infection
    Gururaja Perumal Pazhani, Goutam Chowdhury, Thandavarayan Ramamurthy
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  • Vibrio alginolyticus influences quorum sensing-controlled phenotypes of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus
    Panida Paopradit, Natta Tansila, Komwit Surachat, Pimonsri Mittraparp-arthorn
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  • Dynamics and Microevolution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Populations in Shellfish Farms
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FgIlv3a is crucial in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis, vegetative differentiation, and virulence in Fusarium graminearum
Xin Liu , Yichen Jiang , Yinghui Zhang , Mingzheng Yu , Hongjun Jiang , Jianhong Xu , Jianrong Shi
J. Microbiol. 2019;57(8):694-703.   Published online May 11, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9123-6
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Dihydroxyacid dehydratase (DHAD), encoded by ILV3, catalyses the third step in the biosynthetic pathway of branchedchain amino acids (BCAAs), which include isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), and valine (Val). Enzymes involved in BCAA biosynthesis exist in bacteria, plants, and fungi but not in mammals and are therefore attractive targets for antimicrobial or herbicide development. In this study, three paralogous ILV3 genes (FgILV3A, FgILV3B, and FgILV3C) were identified in the genome of Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB). Deletion of FgILV3A alone or combined with FgILV3B or FgILV3C indicated an important role for FgILV3A in BCAA biosynthesis. FgILV3A deletion mutants lost the ability to grow on medium lacking amino acids. Exogenous supplementation of 1 mM Ile and Val rescued the auxotrophy of ΔFgIlv3A, though 5 mM was required to recover the growth defects in ΔFgIlv3AB and ΔFgIlv3AC strains, indicating that FgIlv3b and FgIlv3c exhibit redundant but accessory roles with FgIlv3a in BCAA biosynthesis. The auxotrophy of ΔFgIlv3A resulted in pleiotropic defects in aerial hyphal growth, in conidial formation and germination, and in aurofusarin accumulation. In addition, the mutants showed reduced virulence and deoxynivalenol production. Overall, our study demonstrates that FgIlv3a is crucial for BCAA biosynthesis in F. graminearum and a candidate fungicide target for FHB management.

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    Yarong Zhao, Chulan Huang, Rui Zeng, Peirong Chen, Kaihang Xu, Xiaomei Huang, Xu Wang
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    Hang Jiang, Lifang Yuan, Liguo Ma, Kai Qi, Yueli Zhang, Bo Zhang, Guoping Ma, Junshan Qi
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  • Identification and Characterization of an Antifungal Gene Mt1 from Bacillus subtilis by Affecting Amino Acid Metabolism in Fusarium graminearum
    Pei Song, Wubei Dong
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    Gary Jones, Jane Usher, Joel T. Steyer, Richard B. Todd
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  • FgLEU1 Is Involved in Leucine Biosynthesis, Sexual Reproduction, and Full Virulence in Fusarium graminearum
    Shaohua Sun, Mingyu Wang, Chunjie Liu, Yilin Tao, Tian Wang, Yuancun Liang, Li Zhang, Jinfeng Yu
    Journal of Fungi.2022; 8(10): 1090.     CrossRef
  • Acetolactate synthases regulatory subunit and catalytic subunit genes VdILVs are involved in BCAA biosynthesis, microscletotial and conidial formation and virulence in Verticillium dahliae
    ShengNan Shao, Biao Li, Qi Sun, PeiRu Guo, YeJuan Du, JiaFeng Huang
    Fungal Genetics and Biology.2022; 159: 103667.     CrossRef
  • Molecular targets for antifungals in amino acid and protein biosynthetic pathways
    Aleksandra Kuplińska, Kamila Rząd
    Amino Acids.2021; 53(7): 961.     CrossRef
  • MoCpa1-mediated arginine biosynthesis is crucial for fungal growth, conidiation, and plant infection of Magnaporthe oryzae
    Osakina Aron, Min Wang, Anjago Wilfred Mabeche, Batool Wajjiha, Meiqin Li, Shuai Yang, Haixia You, Yan Cai, Tian Zhang, Yunxi Li, Baohua Wang, Dongmei Zhang, Zonghua Wang, Wei Tang
    Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2021; 105(14-15): 5915.     CrossRef
  • Metabolic, structural, and proteomic changes in Candida albicans cells induced by the protein-carbohydrate fraction of Dendrobaena veneta coelomic fluid
    Marta J. Fiołka, Paulina Czaplewska, Sylwia Wójcik-Mieszawska, Aleksandra Lewandowska, Kinga Lewtak, Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel, Tomasz Buchwald
    Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2) is associated with conidiation, mycelial growth, and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum
    Tao Gao, Dan He, Xin Liu, Fang Ji, Jianhong Xu, Jianrong Shi
    Food Production, Processing and Nutrition.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Intermediates in Branched-Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis Are Indispensable for Conidial Germination of the Insect-Pathogenic Fungus Metarhizium robertsii
    Feifei Luo, Hongxia Zhou, Xue Zhou, Xiangyun Xie, You Li, Fenglin Hu, Bo Huang, Karyn N. Johnson
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Low-density lipoprotein as an opsonin promoting the phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by U937 cells
Yuxin Li , Zhi Liu , Jinli Yang , Ling Liu , Runlin Han
J. Microbiol. 2019;57(8):711-716.   Published online May 11, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8413-3
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was recently reported to be an opsonin, enhancing the phagocytosis of group A Streptococcus (GAS) by human monocytic leukemia U937 cells due to the binding of LDL to some GAS strains. We postulated that LDL might also promote the opsonophagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by U937 cells since this bacterium interacts with LDL. In this study, P. aeruginosa (CMCC10104), U937 cells, and human LDL were used in phagocytosis assays to test our hypothesis. Escherichia coli strain BL21, which does not interact with LDL, was used as a negative control. Colony counting and fluorescence microscopy were used to determine the bacterial quantity in the opsonophagocytosis assays. After incubation of U937 cells and P. aeruginosa with LDL (100 μg/ml) for 15 and 30 min, phagocytosis was observed to be increased by 22.71% and 32.90%, respectively, compared to that seen in the LDL-free group. However, LDL did not increase the phagocytosis of E. coli by U937 cells. In addition, we identified CD36 as a major opsonin receptor on U937 cells, since an anti-CD36 monoclonal antibody, but not an anti- CD4 monoclonal antibody, almost completely abolished the opsonophagocytosis of P. aeruginosa by U937 cells.

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  • Adhesion of Enteropathogenic, Enterotoxigenic, and Commensal Escherichia coli to the Major Zymogen Granule Membrane Glycoprotein 2
    Christin Bartlitz, Rafał Kolenda, Jarosław Chilimoniuk, Krzysztof Grzymajło, Stefan Rödiger, Rolf Bauerfeind, Aamir Ali, Veronika Tchesnokova, Dirk Roggenbuck, Peter Schierack, Isaac Cann
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  • Lipoprotein(a), an Opsonin, Enhances the Phagocytosis of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae by Macrophages
    Zhi Liu, Yuxin Li, Yu Wang, Zhe Liu, Yan Su, Qiang Ma, Runlin Han, Enrique Ortega
    Journal of Immunology Research.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
β-1,3-Glucan/CR3/SYK pathway-dependent LC3B-II accumulation enhanced the fungicidal activity in human neutrophils
Ding Li , Changsen Bai , Qing Zhang , Zheng Li , Di Shao , Xichuan Li
J. Microbiol. 2019;57(4):263-270.   Published online February 5, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8298-1
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Since molecular genotyping has been established for the Candida species, studies have found that a single Candida strain (endemic strain) can persist over a long period of time and results in the spread of nosocomial invasive candidiasis without general characteristics of horizontal transmissions. Our previous study also found the existence of endemic strains in a cancer center in Tianjin, China. In the current study, we performed further investigation on endemic and non-endemic Candida albicans strains, with the aim of explaining the higher morbidity of endemic strains. In an in vivo experiment, mice infected with endemic strains showed significantly shorter survival time and higher kidney fungal burdens compared to mice infected with non-endemic strains. In an in vitro experiment, the killing percentage of neutrophils to endemic strains was significantly lower than that to non-endemic strains, which is positively linked to the ratio of LC3B-II/I in neutrophils. An immunofluorescence assay showed more β-1,3-glucan exposure on the cell walls of nonendemic strains compared to endemic strains. After blocking the β-glucan receptor (CR3) or inhibiting downstream kinase (SYK) in neutrophils, the killing percent to C. albicans (regardless of endemic and non-endemic strains) and the ratio of LC3B-II/I of neutrophils were significantly decreased. These data suggested that the killing capability of neutrophils to C. albicans was monitored by β-1,3-glucan via CR3/SYK pathway-dependent LC3B-II accumulation and provided an explanation for the variable killing capability of neutrophils to different strains of C. albicans, which would be beneficial in improving infection control and therapeutic strategies for invasive candidiasis.

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    Mark Joseph Maranan Desamero, Soo-Hyun Chung, Shigeru Kakuta
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(9): 4778.     CrossRef
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Biosynthesis of 2-amino-3-hydroxycyclopent-2-enone moiety of bafilomycin in Kitasatospora cheerisanensis KCTC2395
Nguyen Phan Kieu Hanh , Jae Yoon Hwang , Hye Ryeung Oh , Geum Jin Kim , Hyukjae Choi , Doo Hyun Nam
J. Microbiol. 2018;56(8):571-578.   Published online July 25, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8267-0
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Bafilomycins produced by Kitasatospora cheerisanensis KCTC- 2395 belong to the 16-membered macrolactone family plecomacrolide antibiotics. Bafilomycin B1 contains 2-amino- 3-hydroxycyclopent-2-enone (C5N), a five membered ring, which gets condensed via an amide linkage to bafilomycin polyketide. To study the biosynthetic pathway of C5N during bafilomycin biosynthesis in K. cheerisanensis KCTC2395, we attempted the functional analysis of two putative genes, encoding 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS) and acyl- CoA ligase (ACL). The amplified putative genes for ALAS and ACL were cloned into the E. coli expression vector pET- 32a(+) plasmid, following which the soluble recombinant ALAS and ACL proteins were purified through nickel-affinity column chromatography. Through HPLC analysis of the enzyme reaction mixture, we confirmed the products of putative ALAS and ACL reaction as 5-aminolevulinic acid (5- ALA) and 5-ALA-CoA, respectively. The optimal pH for the putative ALAS reaction was 7.5, and for putative ACL reaction was 7.0, as confirmed by the colorimetric assay. Furthermore, pyridoxal 5􍿁-phosphate (PLP) was found to be an essential cofactor in the putative ALAS reaction, and ATP was a cofactor for the putative ACL catalysis. Finally, we also confirmed that the simultaneous treatment of putative ACL and putative ALAS enzymes resulted in the production of C5N compound from 5-ALA.

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  • The Secondary Metabolites from Genus Kitasatospora: A Promising Source for Drug Discovery
    Yuanjuan Wei, Guiyang Wang, Yan Li, Maoluo Gan
    Chemistry & Biodiversity.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Elucidation of the Late Steps during Hexacosalactone A Biosynthesis in Streptomyces samsunensis OUCT16-12
    He Duan, Fang Wang, Chuchu Zhang, Yujing Dong, Huayue Li, Fei Xiao, Wenli Li, Haruyuki Atomi
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Secondary Metabolic Enzyme Functioned as an Evolutionary Seed of a Primary Metabolic Enzyme
    Jun Kawaguchi, Hikaru Mori, Noritaka Iwai, Masaaki Wachi, Miriam Barlow
    Molecular Biology and Evolution.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Biosynthesis of Methoxymalonyl-acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) as an Extender Unit for Bafilomycin Polyketide in Streptomyces griseus DSM 2608
    Nguyen Phan Kieu Hanh, Jae Yoon Hwang, Doo Hyun Nam
    Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering.2018; 23(6): 693.     CrossRef
Antifungal activity of 3-acetylbenzamide produced by actinomycete WA23-4-4 from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana
Xia Fang , Juan Shen , Jie Wang , Zhi-li Chen , Pei-bin lin , Zhi-yu Chen , Lin-yan Liu , Huan-xiong Zeng , Xiao-bao Jin
J. Microbiol. 2018;56(7):516-523.   Published online June 28, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7510-z
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Actinomycetes are well-known for producing numerous bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study, primary screening by antifungal activity assay found one actinomycete strain WA23-4-4 isolated from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana that exhibited broad spectrum antifungal activity. 16S rDNA gene analysis of strain WA23-4-4 revealed close similarity to Streptomyces nogalater (AB045886) with 86.6% sequence similarity. Strain WA23-4-4 was considered as a novel Streptomyces and the 16s rDNA sequence has been submitted to GenBank (accession no. KX291006). The maximum antifungal activity of WA23-4-4 was achieved when culture conditions were optimized to pH 8.0, with 12% inoculum concentration and 210 ml ISP2 medium, which remained stable between the 5th and the 9th day. 3-Acetyl benzoyl amide was isolated by ethyl acetate extraction of WA23- 4-4 fermentation broth, and its molecular formula was determined as C9H9NO2 based on MS, IR, 1H, and 13C NMR analyses. The compound showed significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (MIC: 31.25 μg/ml) and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 (MIC: 31.25 μg/ml). However, the compound had higher MIC values against Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 60836 (MIC: 500 μg/ml) and Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 96918 (MIC: 1,000 μg/ml). SEM analysis showed damage to the cell membrane of Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and to the mycelium of Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 after being treatment with 3-acetyl benzoyl amide. In conclusion, this is the first time that 3-acetyl benzoyl amide has been identified from an actinomycete and this compound exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404.

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    Liuchong Zhu, Dan Huang, Jinli Tan, Jiaxuan Huang, Ruyu Zhang, Jingyang Liao, Jie Wang, Xiaobao Jin
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    Zong-Qi Zhang, Si-Cong Chen, Jin-Hua Xiao, Da-Wei Huang
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    Yan Ma, Ping Guo, Xueqin Chen, Minhua Xu, Wenbin Liu, Xiaobao Jin
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    Heliyon.2023; 9(7): e17777.     CrossRef
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    María Susana Pérez-Grisales, Sandra I. Uribe Soto
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  • A cytotoxic triterpenoid from a Periplaneta americana-derived, Gordonia hongkongensis WA12-1-1
    Jie Wang, Mengying He, Huanxiong Zeng, Wenbin Liu, Xiongming Luo, Yan Ma, Zhiyu Chen, Xiaobao Jin
    FEMS Microbiology Letters.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Antimicrobial compounds were isolated from the secondary metabolites of Gordonia, a resident of intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana
    Yan Ma, Minhua Xu, Hancong Liu, Tiantian Yu, Ping Guo, Wenbin Liu, Xiaobao Jin
    AMB Express.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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The synthetic human beta-defensin-3 C15 peptide exhibits antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, both alone and in combination with dental disinfectants
Ki Bum Ahn , A Reum Kim , Kee-Yeon Kum , Cheol-Heui Yun , Seung Hyun Han
J. Microbiol. 2017;55(10):830-836.   Published online September 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-7362-y
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Streptococcus mutans is a major etiologic agent of human dental caries that forms biofilms on hard tissues in the human oral cavity, such as tooth and dentinal surfaces. Human β-defensin-3 (HBD3) is a 45-amino-acid natural antimicrobial peptide that has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. A synthetic peptide consisting of the C-terminal 15 amino acids of HBD3 (HBD3-C15) was recently shown to be sufficient for its antimicrobial activity. Thus, clinical applications of this peptide have garnered attention. In this study, we investigated whether HBD3-C15 inhibits the growth of the representative cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans and its biofilm formation. HBD3-C15 inhibited bacterial growth, exhibited bactericidal activity, and attenuated bacterial biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. HBD3-C15 potentiated the bactericidal and anti-biofilm activity of calcium hydroxide (CH) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), which are representative disinfectants used in dental clinics, against S. mutans. Moreover, HBD3-C15 showed antimicrobial activity by inhibiting biofilm formation by S. mutans and other dentinophilic bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus gordonii, which are associated with dental caries and endodontic infection, on human dentin slices. These effects were observed for HBD3-C15 alone and for HBD3-C15 in combination with CH or CHX. Therefore, we suggest that HBD3-C15 is a potential alternative or additive disinfectant that can be used for the treatment of oral infectious diseases, including dental caries and endodontic infections.

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Minimal amino acids in the I/LWEQ domain required for anterior/posterior localization in Dictyostelium
Hyeseon Kim , Dong-Yeop Shin , Taeck Joong Jeon
J. Microbiol. 2017;55(5):366-372.   Published online January 26, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-6550-0
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Establishment of cell polarity is mediated by a series of signal-ing molecules that are asymmetrically activated or localized in the cell upon extracellular stimulation. To understand the mechanism that mediates anterior/posterior asymmetric localization of RapGAP3 during migration, we determined the minimally required amino acids in the I/LWEQ domain that cause posterior localization and found that the minimal region of the F-actin binding domain for posterior localiza-tion could, with some additional deletion at the C-terminal, localize to the anterior. Analysis of the localization and trans-location kinetics to the cell cortex of the truncated proteins suggests that the required regions for anterior/posterior lo-calization might have a preferential binding affinity to pre- existing F-actins at the rear and lateral sides of the cell or newly formed F-actins at the front of the cell, leading to dis-tinct differential sites of the cell.
The antibacterial activity of E. coli bacteriophage lysin lysep3 is enhanced by fusing the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacteriophage endolysin binding domain D8 to the C-terminal region
Shuang Wang , Jingmin Gu , Meng Lv , Zhimin Guo , Guangmou Yan , Ling Yu , Chongtao Du , Xin Feng , Wenyu Han , Changjiang Sun , Liancheng Lei
J. Microbiol. 2017;55(5):403-408.   Published online January 26, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-6431-6
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Bacteriophage endolysin is one of the most promising anti-biotic substitutes, but in Gram-negative bacteria, the outer membrane prevents the lysin from hydrolyzing peptidogly-cans and blocks the development of lysin applications. The prime strategy for new antibiotic substitutes is allowing lysin to access the peptidoglycan from outside of the bacteria by reformation of the lysin. In this study, the novel Escherichia coli (E. coli) phage lyase lysep3, which lacks outside-in cata-lytic ability, was fused with the N-terminal region of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens lysin including its cell wall bind-ing domain D8 through the best manner of protein fusion based on the predicted tertiary structure of lysep3-D8 to ob-tain an engineered lysin that can lyse bacteria from the out-side. Our results showed that lysep3-D8 could lyse both Gram- negative and Gram-positive bacteria, whereas lysep3 and D8 have no impact on bacterial growth. The MIC of lysep3-D8 on E. coli CVCC1418 is 60 μg/ml; lysep3-D8 can inhibit the growth of bacteria up to 12 h at this concentration. The bac-tericidal spectrum of lysep3-D8 is broad, as it can lyse of all of 14 E. coli strains, 3 P. aeruginosa strains, 1 Acinetobacter baumannii strain, and 1 Streptococcus strain. Lysep3-D8 has sufficient bactericidal effects on the 14 E. coli strains tested at the concentration of 100 μg/ml. The cell wall binding do-main of the engineered lysin can destroy the integrity of the outer membrane of bacteria, thus allowing the catalytic do-main to reach its target, peptidoglycan, to lyse the bacteria. Lysep3-D8 can be used as a preservative in fodder to benefit the health of animals. The method we used here proved to be a successful exploration of the reformation of phage lysin.

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Siphonobacter intestinalis sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from the feces of Pseudorhynchus japonicus
Shin Ae Lee , Jeong Myeong Kim , Jae-Hyung Ahn , Jae-Ho Joa , Soo-Jin Kim , Mee-Kyung Sang , Jaekyeong Song , Soon-Wo Kwon , Hang-Yeon Weon
J. Microbiol. 2016;54(11):709-712.   Published online October 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6451-7
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Strain 63MJ-2T was isolated from the feces of broad-winged katydid (Pseudorhynchus japonicus) collected in Korea. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed the highest sequence similarity with that of Siphonobacter aquaeclarae P2T (96.1%) and had low similarities (below 86.3%) with those of other members of family ‘Flexibacteraceae’. The strain 63MJ-2T is a strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. The strain grew at 4–35°C (optimum, 25–30°C), pH of 5.0–9.0 (optimum, 6.0–7.0), and 0–2.0% (optimum, 1.0–2.0) (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content of strain 63MJ-2T was 43.5 mol%. The major fatty acids were C16:1 ω5c (42.5%), iso-C17:0 3-OH (18.7%), and summed feature 3 (iso-C15:0 2-OH and/or C16:1 ω7c, 18.0%). The major menaquinone was MK-7 and polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, six unknown aminolipids, and five unknown lipids. Based on the evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, we conclude that strain 63MJ-2T should be classified as a novel species of the genus Siphonobacter, and propose the name Siphonobacter intestinalis sp. nov. The type strain is 63MJ-2T (=KACC 18663T =NBRC 111883T).

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  • Siphonobacter curvatus sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater river
    Yunho Lee, Che Ok Jeon
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene expression at different stages of hypoxia-induced dormancy and upon resuscitation
Elisabetta Iona , Manuela Pardini , Alessandro Mustazzolu , Giovanni Piccaro , Roberto Nisini , Lanfranco Fattorini , Federico Giannoni
J. Microbiol. 2016;54(8):565-572.   Published online August 2, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6150-4
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The physiology of dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis was studied in detail by examining the gene expression of 51 genes using quantitative Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction. A forty-day period of dormancy in the Wayne culture model depicted four major transcription patterns. Some sigma factors and many metabolic genes were constant, whereas genes belonging to the dormancy regulon were activated on day 9. In particular, alpha-crystallin mRNA showed more than a 1,000-fold increase compared to replicating bacilli. Genes belonging to the enduring hypoxic response were up-regulated at day 16, notably, transcription factors sigma B and E. Early genes typical of log-phase bacilli, esat-6 and fbpB, were uniformly down-regulated during dormancy. Late stages of dormancy showed a drop in gene expression likely due to a lack of substrates in anaerobic respiration as demonstrated by the transcriptional activation observed following nitrates addition. Among genes involved in nitrate metabolism, narG was strongly up-regulated by nitrates addition. Dormant bacilli responded very rapidly when exposed to oxygen and fresh medium, showing a transcriptional activation of many genes, including resuscitation-promoting factors, within one hour. Our observations extend the current knowledge on dormant M. tuberculosis gene expression and its response to nutrients and to aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

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Characteristics of the community-genotype sequence type 72 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates that underlie their persistence in hospitals
Eun-Jeong Joo , Ji-Young Choi , Doo Ryeon Chung , Jae-Hoon Song , Kwan Soo Ko
J. Microbiol. 2016;54(6):445-450.   Published online May 27, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6157-x
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Panton-Valentine leukocidin-negative methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clone ST72, known as a major community-associated MRSA in Korea, has emerged as an important pathogen in hospitals. To understand bacterial properties that underlie transformation of this clone into a nosocomial pathogen, we compared characteristics of the community-genotype ST72 MRSA isolates with those of ST5 and ST239 MRSA, which have been predominant nosocomial MRSA clones in Korea. Several genes associated with adhesion and virulence were absent or rarely found in ST72 isolates. Many ST72 isolates (70.1%) belonged to agr group I, but the agr group of other ST72 isolates could not be determined. As indicated by δ-hemolysin production, ST72 isolates expressed fully functional agr, whereas agr dysfunction was observed in ST5 and ST239 isolates. In the biofilm formation assay, no upregulation of biofilm-forming activity of ST72 MRSA was detected. However, ST72 isolates demonstrated persistence under hypotonic and desiccating conditions (survival rates 72.3% and 33.9%, respectively), which was similar to characteristics of ST5 or ST239 isolates. ST72- MRSA isolates showed low virulence, but properties of their functional agr system could facilitate their spread in hospitals. In conclusion, tolerance to stressful environments, e.g., hypotonic and dry conditions, may also contribute to survival of the community-associated MRSA clones in healthcare facilities.

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    Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Molecular Typing and Resistance Profiles of Vancomycin-IntermediateStaphylococcus aureusin Korea: Results from a National Surveillance Study, 2007-2013
    Jung Wook Kim, Gi Su Kang, Jae Il Yoo, Hwa Su Kim, Yeong Seon Lee, Jae-Yon Yu, Kwang-Jun Lee, Chan Park, Il-Hwan Kim
    Annals of Clinical Microbiology.2016; 19(4): 88.     CrossRef
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Inhibition of eukaryotic translation by tetratricopeptide-repeat proteins of Orientia tsutsugamushi
Sunyoung Bang , Chan-Ki Min , Na-Young Ha , Myung-Sik Choi , Ik-Sang Kim , Yeon-Sook Kim , Nam-Hyuk Cho
J. Microbiol. 2016;54(2):136-144.   Published online February 2, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-5599-5
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of scrub typhus. The genome of Orientia tsutsugamushi has revealed multiple ORFs encoding tetratricopeptide- repeat (TPR) proteins. The TPR protein family has been shown to be involved in a diverse spectrum of cellular functions such as cell cycle control, transcription, protein transport, and protein folding, especially in eukaryotic cells. However, little is known about the function of the TPR proteins in O. tsutsugamushi. To investigate the potential role of TPR proteins in host-pathogen interaction, two oriential TPR proteins were expressed in E. coli and applied for GSTpull down assay. DDX3, a DEAD-box containing RNA helicase, was identified as a specific eukaryotic target of the TPR proteins. Since the RNA helicase is involved in multiple RNAmodifying processes such as initiation of translation reaction, we performed in vitro translation assay in the presence of GST-TPR fusion proteins by using rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. The TPR proteins inhibited in vitro translation of a reporter luciferase in a dose dependent manner whereas the GST control proteins did not. These results suggested TPR proteins of O. tsutsugamushi might be involved in the modulation of eukarytotic translation through the interaction with DDX3 RNA helicase after secretion into host cytoplasm.

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Journal Article
Regulation of HBV-specific CD8+ T cell-mediated inflammation is diversified in different clinical presentations of HBV infection
Colin M. Dinney , Lu-Dong Zhao , Charles D. Conrad , Jay M. Duker , Richard O. Karas , Zhibin Hu , Michele A. Hamilton , Thomas R. Gillis , Thomas M. Parker , Bing Fan , Andrew H. Advani , Fred B. Poordad , Paulette L. Fauceglia , Kathrin M. Kirsch , Peter T. Munk , Marc P. Ladanyi , Bernard A. Bochner , Justin A. Bekelman , Carla M. Grandori , James C. Olson , Ronald D. Lechan , Ghassan M.A. Abou , Mark A. Goodarzi
J. Microbiol. 2015;53(10):718-724.   Published online October 2, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5314-y
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AbstractAbstract
Chronic HBV infection is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatic cancer, but the individual responses toward HBV infection are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic to chronic active hepatitis B inflammation. In this study, we hypothesized that the different individual responses to HBV infection was associated with differences in HBV-specific CD8+ T cell-mediated inflammation and cytotoxicity. Blood samples were collected from subjects with asymptomatic HBV-infection, subjects undergoing active chronic HBV flares (active CHB), and subjects with HBV-infected hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC). By tetramer staining, we found that all three groups had similar frequencies of HBVspecific CD8+ T cells. However, after HBV peptide stimulation, the HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in asymptomatic subjects had significantly stronger interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and CD107a expression than those in active CHB and HBV-HCC patients. Examination of surface marker expression revealed that the PD-1-Tim-3- double-negative cell population was the main contributor to HBV-specific inflammation. In active CHB patients and HBV-HCC patients, however, the frequencies of activated PD-1-Tim-3- cells were significantly reduced. Moreover, the serum HBV DNA titer was not correlated with the frequencies of HBV-specific CD8+ T cells but was inversely correlated with the frequencies of IFN-g-expressing and CD107a-express cells in response to HBV stimulation. Together, our data demonstrated that the status of HBVspecific CD8+ T cell exhaustion was associated with different clinical outcomes of chronic HBV infection.

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