Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

The putative polysaccharide synthase AfCps1 regulates Aspergillus fumigatus morphogenesis and conidia immune response in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages: Sha Wang , Anjie Yuan , Liping Zeng , Sikai Hou , Meng Wang , Lei Li , Zhendong Cai , Guowei Zhong; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(1):64-75. Published online November 17, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0347-x

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Aspergillus fumigatus is a well-known opportunistic pathogen that causes invasive aspergillosis (IA) infections with high mortality in immunosuppressed individuals. Morphogenesis, including hyphal growth, conidiation, and cell wall biosynthesis is crucial in A. fumigatus pathogenesis. Based on a previous random insertional mutagenesis library, we identified the putative polysaccharide synthase gene Afcps1 and its paralog Afcps2. Homologs of the cps gene are commonly found in the genomes of most fungal and some bacterial pathogens. Afcps1/cpsA is important in sporulation, cell wall composition, and virulence. However, the precise regulation patterns of cell wall integrity by Afcps1/cpsA and further effects on the immune response are poorly understood. Specifically, our in-depth study revealed that Afcps1 affects cell-wall stability, showing an increased resistance of ΔAfcps1 to the chitinmicrofibril destabilizing compound calcofluor white (CFW) and susceptibility of ΔAfcps1 to the β-(1,3)-glucan synthase inhibitor echinocandin caspofungin (CS). Additionally, deletion of Afcps2 had a normal sporulation phenotype but caused hypersensitivity to Na+ stress, CFW, and Congo red (CR). Specifically, quantitative analysis of cell wall composition using high-performance anion exchange chromatography- pulsed amperometric detector (HPAEC-PAD) analysis revealed that depletion of Afcps1 reduced cell wall glucan and chitin contents, which was consistent with the downregulation of expression of the corresponding biosynthesis genes. Moreover, an elevated immune response stimulated by conidia of the ΔAfcps1 mutant in marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) during phagocytosis was observed. Thus, our study provided new insights into the function of polysaccharide synthase Cps1, which is necessary for the maintenance of cell wall stability and the adaptation of conidia to the immune response of macrophages in A. fumigatus.

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Study on the metabolic changes and regulatory mechanism of Aspergillus flavus conidia germination
Sifan Jia, Chong Li, Yu An, Desheng Qi, Erik F. Y. Hom
Microbiology Spectrum.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Chitin Biosynthesis in Aspergillus Species
Veronica S. Brauer, André M. Pessoni, Mateus S. Freitas, Marinaldo P. Cavalcanti-Neto, Laure N. A. Ries, Fausto Almeida
Journal of Fungi.2023; 9(1): 89. CrossRef
Evidencing New Roles for the Glycosyl-Transferase Cps1 in the Phytopathogenic Fungus Botrytis cinerea
Matthieu Blandenet, Isabelle R. Gonçalves, Christine Rascle, Jean-William Dupuy, François-Xavier Gillet, Nathalie Poussereau, Mathias Choquer, Christophe Bruel
Journal of Fungi.2022; 8(9): 899. CrossRef

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Functional analysis of Vibrio vulnificus RND efflux pumps homologous to Vibrio cholerae VexAB and VexCD, and to Escherichia coli AcrAB: Seunghwa Lee , Ji-Hyun Yeom , Sojin Seo , Minho Lee , Sarang Kim , Jeehyeon Bae , Kangseok Lee , Jihwan Hwang; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(4):256-261. Published online March 4, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5037-0

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Abstract

Resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pumps are associated with multidrug resistance in many gram-negative pathogens. The genome of Vibrio vulnificus encodes 11 putative RND pumps homologous to those of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli. In this study, we analyzed three putative RND efflux pumps, showing homology to V. cholerae VexAB and VexCD and to E. coli AcrAB, for their functional roles in multidrug resistance of V. vulnificus. Deletion of the vexAB homolog resulted in increased susceptibility of V. vulnificus to bile acid, acriflavine, ethidium bromide, and erythromycin, whereas deletion of acrAB homologs rendered V. vulnificus more susceptible to acriflavine only. Deletion of vexCD had no effect on susceptibility of V. vulnificus to these chemicals. Upon exposure to these antibacterial chemicals, expression of tolCV1 and tolCV2, which are putative outer membrane factors of RND efflux pumps, was induced, whereas expression levels of vexAB, vexCD, and acrAB homologs were not significantly changed. Our results show that the V. vulnificus homologs of VexAB largely contributed to in vitro antimicrobial resistance with a broad substrate specificity that was partially redundant with the AcrAB pump homologs.

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Membrane Efflux Pumps of Pathogenic Vibrio Species: Role in Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence
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Microorganisms.2022; 10(2): 382. CrossRef
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2018; 19(4): 1000. CrossRef
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MdsABC-Mediated Pathway for Pathogenicity in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
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Infection and Immunity.2015; 83(11): 4266. CrossRef
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Journal of Microbiology.2015; 53(6): 355. CrossRef

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