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- Cultivable butyrate-producing bacteria of elderly Japanese diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease
- Thi Thuy Tien Nguyen , Yuta Fujimura , Iyo Mimura , Yusuke Fujii , Ngoc Luong Nguyen , Kensuke Arakawa , Hidetoshi Morita
- J. Microbiol. 2018;56(10):760-771. Published online August 22, 2018
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8297-7
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Abstract
- The group of butyrate-producing bacteria within the human gut microbiome may be associated with positive effects on memory improvement, according to previous studies on dementia- associated diseases. Here, fecal samples of four elderly Japanese diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were used to isolate butyrate-producing bacteria. 226 isolates were randomly picked, their 16S rRNA genes were sequenced, and assigned into sixty OTUs (operational taxonomic units) based on BLASTn results. Four isolates with less than 97% homology to known sequences were considered as unique OTUs of potentially butyrate-producing bacteria. In addition, 12 potential butyrate-producing isolates were selected from the remaining 56 OTUs based on scan-searching against the PubMed and the ScienceDirect databases. Those belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes and to the clostridial clusters I, IV, XI, XV, XIVa within the phylum Firmicutes. 15 out of the 16 isolates were indeed able to produce butyrate in culture as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Furthermore, encoding genes for butyrate formation in these bacteria were identified by sequencing of degenerately primed PCR products and included the genes for butyrate kinase (buk), butyryl-CoA: acetate CoAtransferase (but), CoA-transferase-related, and propionate CoA-transferase. The results showed that eight isolates possessed buk, while five isolates possessed but. The CoA-transfer- related gene was identified as butyryl-CoA:4-hydroxybutyrate CoA transferase (4-hbt) in four strains. No strains contained the propionate CoA-transferase gene. The biochemical and butyrate-producing pathways analyses of butyrate producers presented in this study may help to characterize the butyrate-producing bacterial community in the gut of AD patients.
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Citations
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Effect of Mycelial Extract of Clavicorona pyxidata on the Production of Amyloid β-Peptide and the Inhibition of Endogenous β-Secretase Activity in vitro
- Tae-Hee Lee , Young-Il Park , Yeong-Hwan Han
- J. Microbiol. 2006;44(6):665-670.
- DOI: https://doi.org/2459 [pii]
- 34 View
- 0 Download
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Abstract
- Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), which is a product of the proteolytic effect of β-secretase (BACE) on an amyloid precursor protein, is closely associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. There is sufficient evidence to suggest that a BACE inhibitor may reduce Aβ levels, thus decreasing the risk of AD. In a previous study, an extract of Clavicorona pyxidata DGUM 29005 mycelia was found to inhibit the production of a soluble β-amyloid precursor protein (sβAPP), Aβ, and BACE in neuronal cell lines. We sought to determine whether this mycelial extract exerts the same effect in human rhabdomyosarcoma A-204 and rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells. We found that the production of Aβ decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of the mycelial extract and that the concentration of Aβ never exceeded 50 μg/ml. The presence of sAPP was detected in every culture medium to which the mycelial extract had been added and its concentration remained the same, regardless of the concentration of the extract used. Endogenous β-secretase <br>activity in A-204 and PC-12 cellular homogenates also decreased in the presence of this extract. These cells, in culture, were not susceptible to the cytotoxic activity of the mycelial extract.
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