Four novel Gram-negative, mesophilic, aerobic, motile, and
cocci-shaped strains were isolated from tick samples (strains
546T and 573) and respiratory tracts of marmots (strains 1318T
and 1311). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that strains
546T and 573 were 97.8% identical to Roseomonas wenyumeiae
Z23T, whereas strains 1311 and 1318T were 98.3% identical
to Roseomonas ludipueritiae DSM 14915T. In addition,
a 98.0% identity was observed between strains 546T and 1318T.
Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses revealed that strains
546T and 573 clustered with R. wenyumeiae Z23T, whereas
strains 1311 and 1318T grouped with R. ludipueritiae DSM
14915T. The average nucleotide identity between our isolates
and members of the genus Roseomonas was below 95%. The
genomic G+C content of strains 546T and 1318T was 70.9% and
69.3%, respectively. Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and phosphatidylethanolamine
(PE) were the major polar lipids, with
Q-10 as the predominant respiratory quinone. According to
all genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic, and phylogenomic
analyses, the four strains represent two novel species of the
genus Roseomonas, for which the names Roseomonas haemaphysalidis
sp. nov. and Roseomonas marmotae sp. nov. are
proposed, with 546T (= GDMCC 1.1780T = JCM 34187T) and
1318T (= GDMCC 1.1781T = JCM 34188T) as type strains,
respectively.
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As melanin has emerged as functional pigment with cosmetic,
health and food applications, the demand for the pigments
is expected to increase. However, the conventional sources
(e.g. mushroom, hair, and wool) of melanin production entail
pigments inside the substrates which requires the costly
extraction procedures, leading to inappropriate scalable production.
In this study, we screened 102 of fungal isolates for
their ability to produce melanin in the supernatant and selected
the only Amorphotheca resinae as a promising candidate.
In the peptone yeast extract glucose broth, A. resinae
produced the melanin rapidly during the autolysis phase of
growth, reaching up 4.5 g/L within 14 days. Structural characterization
of the purified melanin from A. resinae was carried
out by using elemental analysis, electron paramagnetic
resonance, 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,
and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
in comparison with the standard melanins. The results
indicate that the structural properties of A. resinae melanin
is similar to the eumelanin which has a wide range of industrial
uses. For example, the purified melanin from A. resinae
has the potent antioxidant activities as a result of free
radical scavenging assays. Consequently, A. resinae KUC3009
can be a promising candidate for scalable production of industrially
applicable melanin.
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