Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Vaccine Development for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Dogs: Seok-Chan Park, Da-Eun Jeong, Sun-Woo Han, Joon-Seok Chae, Joo-Yong Lee, Hyun-Sook Kim, Bumseok Kim, Jun-Gu Kang; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(4):327-335. Published online April 18, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00119-y

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Abstract: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a life-threatening viral zoonosis. The causative agent of this disease is the Dabie bandavirus, which is usually known as the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Although the role of vertebrates in SFTSV transmission to humans remains uncertain, some reports have suggested that dogs could potentially transmit SFTSV to humans. Consequently, preventive measures against SFTSV in dogs are urgently needed. In the present study, dogs were immunized three times at two-week intervals with formaldehyde-inactivated SFTSV with two types of adjuvants. SFTSV (KCD46) was injected into all dogs two weeks after the final immunization. Control dogs showed viremia from 2 to 4 days post infection (dpi), and displayed white pulp atrophy in the spleen, along with a high level of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling assay (TUNEL) positive area. However, the inactivated SFTSV vaccine groups exhibited rare pathological changes and significantly reduced TUNEL positive areas in the spleen. Furthermore, SFTSV viral loads were not detected at any of the tested dpi. Our results indicate that both adjuvants can be safely used in combination with an inactivated SFTSV formulation to induce strong neutralizing antibodies. Inactivated SFTSV vaccines effectively prevent pathogenicity and viremia in dogs infected with SFTSV. In conclusion, our study highlighted the potential of inactivated SFTSV vaccination for SFTSV control in dogs.

Transcription Factors Tec1 and Tec2 Play Key Roles in the Hyphal Growth and Virulence of Mucor lusitanicus Through Increased Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism: Viridiana Alejandre-Castañeda , J. Alberto Patiño-Medina , Marco I. Valle-Maldonado , Alexis García , Rafael Ortiz-Alvarado , León F. Ruíz-Herrera , Karla Viridiana Castro-Cerritos , Joel Ramírez-Emiliano , Martha I. Ramírez-Díaz , Victoriano Garre , Soo Chan Lee , Víctor Meza-Carmen; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(12):1043-1062. Published online December 19, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00096-8

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Mucormycosis is a lethal and difficult-to-treat fungal infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. Mucor lusitanicus, a member of Mucorales, is commonly used as a model to understand disease pathogenesis. However, transcriptional control of hyphal growth and virulence in Mucorales is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of Tec proteins, which belong to the TEA/ATTS transcription factor family, in the hyphal development and virulence of M. lusitanicus. Unlike in the genome of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, which have a single Tec homologue, in the genome of Mucorales, two Tec homologues, Tec1 and Tec2, were found, except in that of Phycomyces blakesleeanus, with only one Tec homologue. tec1 and tec2 overexpression in M. lusitanicus increased mycelial growth, mitochondrial content and activity, expression of the rhizoferrin synthetase-encoding gene rfs, and virulence in nematodes and wax moth larvae but decreased cAMP levels and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. Furthermore, tec1- and tec2-overexpressing strains required adequate mitochondrial metabolism to promote the virulent phenotype. The heterotrimeric G beta subunit 1-encoding gene deletant strain (Δgpb1) increased cAMP-PKA activity, downregulation of both tec genes, decreased both virulence and hyphal development, but tec1 and tec2 overexpression restored these defects. Overexpression of allele-mutated variants of Tec1(S332A) and Tec2(S168A) in the putative phosphorylation sites for PKA increased both virulence and hyphal growth of Δgpb1. These findings suggest that Tec homologues promote mycelial development and virulence by enhancing mitochondrial metabolism and rhizoferrin accumulation, providing new information for the rational control of the virulent phenotype of M. lusitanicus.

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A one-pot five component reaction for the synthesis of tetrazol-benzofuran hybrids and their inhibitory activity against Mucor lusitanicus
Cesia M. Aguilar-Morales, Viridiana Alejandre-Castañeda, Claudia Contreras-Celedón, Martha Isela Ramírez-Díaz, Alejandro Islas-Jácome, Victor Meza-Carmen, Luis Chacón-García, Carlos J. Cortés-García
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry.2024; 22(35): 7240. CrossRef
Functional characterization of two survival factor 1 genes in Mucor lusitanicus
Olivér Jáger, Csilla Szebenyi, Tammam Khaliefeh Siliman Abu Saleem, Anna Molnár, Vanda Kovács, Karina Kiss, Mónika Homa, Bernadett Vágó, Sándor Kiss-Vetráb, Mónika Varga, Rita Sinka, Csaba Vágvölgyi, Gábor Nagy, Tamás Papp, Renato Kovacs
Microbiology Spectrum.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Reviews

Searching for a Reliable Viral Indicator of Faecal Pollution in Aquatic Environments: Felana Harilanto Andrianjakarivony , Yvan Bettarel , Christelle Desnues; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(6):589-602. Published online June 1, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00052-6

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Abstract

The disposal of sewage in significant quantities poses a health hazard to aquatic ecosystems. These effluents can contain a wide range of pathogens, making faecal contamination a leading source of waterborne diseases around the world. Yet monitoring bacteria or viruses in aquatic environments is time consuming and expensive. The standard indicators of faecal pollution all have limitations, including difficulty in determining the source due to lack of host specificity, poor connection with the presence of non-bacterial pathogens, or low environmental persistence. Innovative monitoring techniques are sorely needed to provide more accurate and targeted solutions. Viruses are a promising alternative to faecal indicator bacteria for monitoring, as they are more persistent in ambient water, more abundant in faeces, and are extremely host-specific. Given the range of viruses found in diverse contexts, it is not easy to find one “ideal” viral indicator of faecal pollution; however, several are of interest. In parallel, the ongoing development of molecular techniques coupled with metagenomics and bioinformatics should enable improved ways to detect faecal contamination using viruses. This review examines the evolution of faecal contamination monitoring with the following aims (i) to identify the characteristics of the main viral indicators of faecal contamination, including human enteric viruses, bacteriophages, CRESS and plant viruses, (ii) to assess how these have been used to monitor water pollution in recent years, (iii) to evaluate the reliability of recent detection methods of such viruses, and (iv) to tentatively determine which viruses may be most effective as markers of faecal pollution.

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Review of carbon dot–hydrogel composite material as a future water-environmental regulator
Minghao Jiang, Yong Wang, Jichuan Li, Xing Gao
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2024; 269: 131850. CrossRef

Temperature Matters: Bacterial Response to Temperature Change: Seongjoon Moon , Soojeong Ham , Juwon Jeong , Heechan Ku , Hyunhee Kim , Changhan Lee; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(3):343-357. Published online April 3, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00031-x

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Abstract

Temperature is one of the most important factors in all living organisms for survival. Being a unicellular organism, bacterium requires sensitive sensing and defense mechanisms to tolerate changes in temperature. During a temperature shift, the structure and composition of various cellular molecules including nucleic acids, proteins, and membranes are affected. In addition, numerous genes are induced during heat or cold shocks to overcome the cellular stresses, which are known as heat- and cold-shock proteins. In this review, we describe the cellular phenomena that occur with temperature change and bacterial responses from a molecular perspective, mainly in Escherichia coli.

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The bacterial assemblage in the plumage of the Violet-crowned Hummingbird (Ramosomyia violiceps) varies with contrasting environments in Central-Western Mexico
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Yuchen Feng, Yuxi Shi, Qi Zhao, Guanyue Gao, Zhiqiang Wang, Jinfang Zhi
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science.2025; 681: 205. CrossRef
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Qiao Liu, Jinyan Wang, Xiao-Jun Li, Ni Meng, Gui-Peng Yang, Guiling Zhang, Guang-Chao Zhuang
Global and Planetary Change.2025; 245: 104678. CrossRef
Quality effects of sodium alginate coating cross-linked with CaCl2 on Mugil liza fillets during storage
Márcio Vargas-Ramella, Débora da Silva, Guilherme Dilarri, Antonella Valentina Lazzari Zortea, Carolina Rosai Mendes, Gabriel de Souza Laurentino, Paulo Cezar Bastianello Campagnol, Aline Fernandes de Oliveira, Cristian Berto da Silveira
Food Control.2025; 170: 111048. CrossRef
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Shuxun Liu, Xujie Feng, Hangjia Zhang, Ping Li, Baoru Yang, Qing Gu
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Xiaojing Zhang, Qiqi Xiao, Xin Wang, Zhehao Zhang, Tao Guo, Bin Wang, Yanshun Xu
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Pamella Apriliana, Prihardi Kahar, Nova Rachmadona, Witta Kartika Restu, Akihiko Kondo, Chiaki Ogino
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Karmann Christina, Navrátilová Klára, Behner Adam, Noor Tayyaba, Danner Stella, Majchrzak Anastasia, Šantrůček Jiří, Podzimek Tomáš, Lopez Marin Marco A., Hajšlová Jana, Lipovová Petra, Bartáček Jan, Kouba Vojtěch
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering.2025; 13(2): 115628. CrossRef
Synergistic effects of indigenous bacterial consortia on heavy metal tolerance and reduction
Rahel Khidr, Karzan Qurbani, Vania Muhammed, Sazgar Salim, Shajwan Abdulla, Hevy Wsw
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Physical communication pathways in bacteria: an extra layer to quorum sensing
Virgilio de la Viuda, Javier Buceta, Iago Grobas
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Microalgal-bacterial consortia for the treatment of livestock wastewater: Removal of pollutants, interaction mechanisms, influencing factors, and prospects for application
KhinKhin Phyu, Suli Zhi, Junfeng Liang, Chein-Chi Chang, Jiahua Liu, Yuang Cao, Han Wang, Keqiang Zhang
Environmental Pollution.2024; 349: 123864. CrossRef
Laser NIR Irradiation Enhances Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation of Biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus
Leandro Mamone, Roberto Tomás, Gabriela Di Venosa, Lautaro Gándara, Edgardo Durantini, Fernanda Buzzola, Adriana Casas
Lasers in Surgery and Medicine.2024; 56(9): 783. CrossRef
Comparison of Incubation Conditions for Microbial Contaminant Isolation in Microbiological Environmental Monitoring
O. V. Gunar, N. G. Sakhno, O. S. Tyncherova
Regulatory Research and Medicine Evaluation.2024; 14(4): 483. CrossRef
Molecular insights and functional analysis of isocitrate dehydrogenase in two gram-negative pathogenic bacteria
Wei Xiong, Rui Su, Xueyang Han, Mengxiao Zhu, Hongyiru Tang, Shiping Huang, Peng Wang, Guoping Zhu
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The transcriptional response to low temperature is weakly conserved across the Enterobacteriaceae
Johnson Hoang, Daniel M. Stoebel, Sarah L. Svensson
mSystems.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A newly isolated strain for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production under anaerobic conditions and the key enzyme analysis
Rui Ma, Ji Li, R.D. Tyagi, Xiaolei Zhang
Chemical Engineering Journal.2024; 496: 154200. CrossRef
Construction of a tertiary model and uncertainty analysis for the effect of time, temperature, available chlorine concentration of slightly acidic electrolyzed water on salmonella enteritidis and background total bacteria counts on chicken
Yao Zang, Yitian Zang, Qiang Zhang, Guosheng Zhang, Jie Hu, Renxin Liu, Mingming Tu, Wenduo Qiao, Mengzhen Hu, Boya Fu, Dengqun Shu, Yanjiao Li, Xianghui Zhao
LWT.2024; 214: 117166. CrossRef
Assimilatory sulphate reduction by acidogenesis: The key to prevent H2S formation during food and green waste composting for sustainable urbanization
Xingzu Gao, Zhicheng Xu, Lanxia Zhang, Guoxue Li, Long D. Nghiem, Wenhai Luo
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A riboswitch-controlled TerC family transporter Alx tunes intracellular manganese concentration in Escherichia coli at alkaline pH
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Assessing the health of climate-sensitive trees in a subalpine ecosystem through microbial community dynamics
Bo Ram Kang, Soo Bin Kim, Jin-Kyung Hong, Seok Hyun Ahn, Jinwon Kim, Nayeon Lee, Tae Kwon Lee
Science of The Total Environment.2024; 957: 177724. CrossRef
Enhancing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon soil remediation in cold climates using immobilized low-temperature-resistant mixed microorganisms
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Journal Articles

A mucin-responsive hybrid two-component system controls Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron colonization and gut homeostasis: Ju-Hyung Lee , Soo-Jeong Kwon , Ji-Yoon Han , Sang-Hyun Cho , Yong-Joon Cho , Joo-Hong Park; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(2):215-223. Published online February 1, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1649-3

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Abstract

The mammalian intestinal tract contains trillions of bacteria. However, the genetic factors that allow gut symbiotic bacteria to occupy intestinal niches remain poorly understood. Here, we identified genetic determinants required for Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron colonization in the gut using transposon sequencing analysis. Transposon insertion in BT2391, which encodes a hybrid two-component system, increased the competitive fitness of B. thetaiotaomicron. The BT2391 mutant showed a growth advantage in a mucin-dependent manner and had an increased ability to adhere to mucus-producing cell lines. The increased competitive advantage of the BT2391 mutant was dependent on the BT2392–2395 locus containing susCD homologs. Deletion of BT2391 led to changes in the expression levels of B. thetaiotaomicron genes during gut colonization. However, colonization of the BT2391 mutant promoted DSS colitis in low-fiber diet-fed mice. These results indicate that BT2391 contributes to a sustainable symbiotic relationship by maintaining a balance between mucosal colonization and gut homeostasis.

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Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum BFS1243 on a female frailty model induced by fecal microbiota transplantation in germ-free mice
Sashuang Dong, Qi Zeng, Weimin He, Wei Cheng, Ling Zhang, Ruimin Zhong, Wen He, Xiang Fang, Hong Wei
Food & Function.2024; 15(8): 3993. CrossRef
A conserved inhibitory interdomain interaction regulates DNA-binding activities of hybrid two-component systems in Bacteroides
Rong Gao, Ti Wu, Ann M. Stock, Michael T. Laub
mBio.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Polysaccharides from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua prevent depression-like behaviors in mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress through refining gut microbiota-lipopolysaccharide-paraventricular nucleus signal axis
Xinya Wang, Xueqing Wang, Feng Gao, Shaojie Yang, Yilan Zhen, Xuncui Wang, Guoqi Zhu
Heliyon.2024; 10(19): e38554. CrossRef
Metal Messengers: Communication in the Bacterial World through Transition-Metal-Sensing Two-Component Systems
Alexander Paredes, Chioma Iheacho, Aaron T. Smith
Biochemistry.2023; 62(16): 2339. CrossRef
Tang-Ping-San Decoction Remodel Intestinal Flora and Barrier to Ameliorate Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rodent Model
Wen Yin, Si-Qi Zhang, Wen-Lin Pang, Xiao-Jiao Chen, Jing Wen, Jiong Hou, Cui Wang, Li-Yun Song, Zhen-Ming Qiu, Peng-Tao Liang, Jia-Li Yuan, Zhong-Shan Yang, Yao Bian
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2022; Volume 15: 2563. CrossRef

Assessment of Cre-lox and CRISPR-Cas9 as tools for recycling of multiple-integrated selection markers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Hye Yun Moon† , Gyu Hun Sim† , Hyeon Jin Kim , Keunpil Kim , Hyun Ah Kang; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(1):18-30. Published online December 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1580-7

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Abstract

We evaluated the Cre-lox and CRISPR-Cas9 systems as markerrecycling tools in Saccharomyces cerevisiae recombinants containing multiple-integrated expression cassettes. As an initial trial, we constructed rDNA-nontranscribed spacer- or Ty4- based multiple integration vectors containing the URA3 marker flanked by the loxP sequence. Integrants harboring multiple copies of tHMG1 and NNV-CP expression cassettes were obtained and subsequently transformed with the Cre plasmid. However, the simultaneous pop-out of the expression cassettes along with the URA3 marker hampered the use of Cre-lox as a marker-recycling tool in multiple integrants. As an alternative, we constructed a set of CRISPR-Cas9-gRNA vectors containing gRNA targeted to auxotrophic marker genes. Transformation of multiple integrants of tHMG1 and NNV-CP cassettes by the Cas9-gRNA vector in the presence of the URA3 (stop) donor DNA fragments generated the Ura- transformants retaining multiple copies of the expression cassettes. CRISPR-Cas9-based inactivation led to the recycling of the other markers, HIS3, LEU2, and TRP1, without loss of expression cassettes in the recombinants containing multiple copies of tHMG1, NNV-CP, and SfBGL1 cassettes, respectively. Reuse of the same selection marker in marker-inactivated S. cerevisiae was validated by multiple integrations of the TrEGL2 cassette into the S. cerevisiae strain expressing SfBGL1. These results demonstrate that introducing stop codons into selection marker genes using the CRISPR-Cas9 system with donor DNA fragments is an efficient strategy for markerrecycling in multiple integrants. In particular, the continual reuse of auxotrophic markers would facilitate the construction of a yeast cell factory containing multiple copies of expression cassettes without antibiotic resistance genes.

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Multiple metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of lycopene
Jiaheng Liu, Minxia Song, Xianhao Xu, Yaokang Wu, Yanfeng Liu, Guocheng Du, Jianghua Li, Long Liu, Xueqin Lv
Food Bioengineering.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Biochemical and Biorefinery Platform for Second-Generation Bioethanol: Fermentative Strategies and Microorganisms
Karla D. González-Gloria, Elia Tomás-Pejó, Lorena Amaya-Delgado, Rosa M. Rodríguez-Jasso, Araceli Loredo-Treviño, Anusuiya Singh, Meenu Hans, Carlos Martín, Sachin Kumar, Héctor A. Ruiz
Fermentation.2024; 10(7): 361. CrossRef
CRISPR/Cas9-based toolkit for rapid marker recycling and combinatorial libraries in Komagataella phaffii
Wei Zhou, Yuanyi Li, Guosong Liu, Weichuang Qin, Dongzhi Wei, Fengqing Wang, Bei Gao
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Establishment, optimization, and application of genetic technology in Aspergillus spp.
Jing Gao, Huiqing Liu, Zhenzhen Zhang, Zhihong Liang
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
CRISPR-Cas Technology for Bioengineering Conventional and Non-Conventional Yeasts: Progress and New Challenges
Yuanyuan Xia, Yujie Li, Wei Shen, Haiquan Yang, Xianzhong Chen
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(20): 15310. CrossRef
Genomic and functional features of yeast species in Korean traditional fermented alcoholic beverage and soybean products
Da Min Jeong, Hyeon Jin Kim, Min-Seung Jeon, Su Jin Yoo, Hye Yun Moon, Eun-joo Jeon, Che Ok Jeon, Seong-il Eyun, Hyun Ah Kang
FEMS Yeast Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Multiplex genome editing to construct cellulase engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae for ethanol production from cellulosic biomass
Yatika Dixit, Preeti Yadav, Arun Kumar Sharma, Poornima Pandey, Arindam Kuila
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.2023; 187: 113772. CrossRef

Characterization of a novel phage depolymerase specific to Escherichia coli O157:H7 and biofilm control on abiotic surfaces: Do-Won Park , Jong-Hyun Park; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(11):1002-1009. Published online October 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1413-0

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Abstract

The increasing prevalence of foodborne diseases caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 as well as its ability to form biofilms poses major threats to public health worldwide. With increasing concerns about the limitations of current disinfectant treatments, phage-derived depolymerases may be used as promising biocontrol agents. Therefore, in this study, the characterization, purification, and application of a novel phage depolymerase, Dpo10, specifically targeting the lipopolysaccharides of E. coli O157, was performed. Dpo10, with a molecular mass of 98 kDa, was predicted to possess pectate lyase activity via genome analysis and considered to act as a receptor- binding protein of the phage. We confirmed that the purified Dpo10 showed O-polysaccharide degrading activity only for the E. coli O157 strains by observing its opaque halo. Dpo10 maintained stable enzymatic activities across a wide range of temperature conditions under 55°C and mild basic pH. Notably, Dpo10 did not inhibit bacterial growth but significantly increased the complement-mediated serum lysis of E. coli O157 by degrading its O-polysaccharides. Moreover, Dpo10 inhibited the biofilm formation against E. coli O157 on abiotic polystyrene by 8-fold and stainless steel by 2.56 log CFU/coupon. This inhibition was visually confirmed via fieldemission scanning electron microscopy. Therefore, the novel depolymerase from E. coli siphophage exhibits specific binding and lytic activities on the lipopolysaccharide of E. coli O157 and may be used as a promising anti-biofilm agent against the E. coli O157:H7 strain.

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Effect of Bacteriophages against Biofilms of Escherichia coli on Food Processing Surfaces
Ana Brás, Márcia Braz, Inês Martinho, João Duarte, Carla Pereira, Adelaide Almeida
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Bacteriophage–Host Interactions and the Therapeutic Potential of Bacteriophages
Leon M. T. Dicks, Wian Vermeulen
Viruses.2024; 16(3): 478. CrossRef
Current Strategies for Combating Biofilm-Forming Pathogens in Clinical Healthcare-Associated Infections
Rashmita Biswas, Bhawana Jangra, Ganapathy Ashok, Velayutham Ravichandiran, Utpal Mohan
Indian Journal of Microbiology.2024; 64(3): 781. CrossRef
Phage Adsorption to Gram-Positive Bacteria
Audrey Leprince, Jacques Mahillon
Viruses.2023; 15(1): 196. CrossRef
Prevalence of Indigenous Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Isolates and Their Application to Explore a Lytic Phage vB_SalS_KFSSM with an Intra-Broad Specificity
Jaein Choe, Su-Hyeon Kim, Ji Min Han, Jong-Hoon Kim, Mi-Sun Kwak, Do-Won Jeong, Mi-Kyung Park
Journal of Microbiology.2023; 61(12): 1063. CrossRef
Phages against Pathogenic Bacterial Biofilms and Biofilm-Based Infections: A Review
Siyu Liu, Hongyun Lu, Shengliang Zhang, Ying Shi, Qihe Chen
Pharmaceutics.2022; 14(2): 427. CrossRef

Antiviral effects of human placenta hydrolysate (Laennec) against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in the ferret model: Eun-Ha Kim , Young-il Kim , Seung-Gyu Jang , Minju Im , Kyeongsoo Jeong , Young Ki Choi , Hae-Jung Han; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(11):1056-1062. Published online October 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1367-2

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented health, social, and economic crises worldwide. However, to date, there is an only a limited effective treatment for this disease. Human placenta hydrolysate (hPH) has previously been shown to be safe and to improve the health condition in patients with hyperferritinemia and COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to determine the antiviral effects of hPH against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo models and compared with Remdesivir, an FDA-approved drug for COVID-19 treatment. To assess whether hPH inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication, we determined the CC50, EC50, and selective index (SI) in Vero cells by infection with a SARS-CoV-2 at an MOI of 0.01. Further, groups of ferrets infected with 105.8 TCID50/ml of SARS-CoV-2 and treated with hPH at 2, 4, 6 dpi, and compared their clinical manifestation and virus titers in respiratory tracts with PBS control-treated group. The mRNA expression of immunerelated cytokines was determined by qRT-PCR. hPH treatment attenuated virus replication in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. In a ferret infection study, treatment with hPH resulted in minimal bodyweight loss and attenuated virus replication in the nasal wash, turbinates, and lungs of infected ferrets. In addition, qRT-PCR results revealed that the hPH treatment remarkably upregulated the gene expression of type I (IFN-α and IFN-β) and II (IFN-γ) IFNs in SARS-CoV-2 infected ferrets. Our data collectively suggest that hPH has antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and might be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Perinatal Hypoxia and Immune System Activation in Schizophrenia Pathogenesis: Critical Considerations During COVID-19 Pandemic
I Kawikova, K Hakenova, M Lebedeva, L Kleteckova, L Jakob, V Spicka, L Wen, F Spaniel, K Vales
Physiological Research.2024; : S615. CrossRef
Human Placenta Extract (HPH) Suppresses Inflammatory Responses in TNF-α/IFN-γ-Stimulated HaCaT Cells and a DNCB Atopic Dermatitis (AD)-Like Mouse Model
Jung Ok Lee, Youna Jang, A Yeon Park, Jung Min Lee, Kyeongsoo Jeong, So-Hyun Jeon, Hui Jin, Minju Im, Jae-Won Kim, Beom Joon Kim
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024; 34(10): 1969. CrossRef
Systematic analysis of the pharmacology of standardized extracts of human placenta
T. E. Bogacheva, I. Yu. Torshin, O. A. Gromova
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.2024; (4): 3. CrossRef
Distinctive Combinations of RBD Mutations Contribute to Antibody Evasion in the Case of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta Variant
Tae-Hun Kim, Sojung Bae, Sunggeun Goo, Jinjong Myoung
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2023; 33(12): 1587. CrossRef
Current state-of-the-art and potential future therapeutic drugs against COVID-19
Ailong Sha, Yi Liu, Haiyan Hao
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol and Intranasal Exposure Models in Ferrets
Elizabeth E. Zumbrun, Samantha E. Zak, Eric D. Lee, Philip A. Bowling, Sara I. Ruiz, Xiankun Zeng, Jeffrey W. Koehler, Korey L. Delp, Russel R. Bakken, Shannon S. Hentschel, Holly A. Bloomfield, Keersten M. Ricks, Tamara L. Clements, April M. Babka, John
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Human placenta hydrolysates: from V.P. Filatov to the present day: Review
Olga A. Gromova, Ivan Yu. Torshin, Alexander G. Chuchalin, Valeriy А. Maximov
Terapevticheskii arkhiv.2022; 94(3): 434. CrossRef

The role of Jacalin-related lectin gene AOL_s00083g511 in the development and pathogenicity of the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora: Xinyuan Dong , Jiali Si , Guanghui Zhang , Zhen Shen , Li Zhang , Kangliang Sheng , Jingmin Wang , Xiaowei Kong , Xiangdong Zha , Yongzhong Wang; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(8):736-745. Published online July 5, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1029-4

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Abstract

Arthrobotrys oligospora is a model species of nematophagous fungi and has great potential for the biological control of nematode diseases. Lectin is a protein that binds to carbohydrates and their complexes with high specificity, which mediates recognition events in various physiological and pathological processes. This study aimed to investigate the role of the Jacalin-related lectin (JRL) gene, AOL_s00083g511, in A. oligospora development. Through a homology recombination approach, we obtained the AOL_s00083g511 knockout mutant strain (Δg511). Next, the biological characteristics of the Δg511 mutant strain, including growth rate, conidia germination rate, adaptation to environmental stresses, and nematocidal activity, were compared with those of the wild-type (WT) strain. The results showed that the JRL gene AOL_ s00083g511 did not affect fungal growth, conidia germination, 3D-trap formation, and the ability of A. oligospora to prey on nematodes significantly. We speculate that this phenomenon may be caused by a loss of the key β1–β2 loops in the AOL_ s00083g511-encoded JRL domain and an intrinsic genetic compensation of AOL_s00083g511 in this fungus. The growth rates of both strains on high salt or surfactant media were similar; however, in the strong oxidation medium, the growth rate of the Δg511 mutant was significantly lower than that of the WT strain, indicating that AOL_s00083g511 might play a role in oxidative stress resistance. These findings provide a basis for further analysis of the related functions of the JRL gene in A. oligospora and their potential roles in the biological control of nematodes in the future.

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Function discovery of a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-like encoding gene in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora
Tiantian Gu, Hengqian Lu, Huiwen Liu, Guanghui Zhang, Yongzhong Wang
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The fucose-specific lectin gene AOL_s00054g276 affects trap formation and nematocidal activity of the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora
Jiali Si, Xinyuan Dong, Guanghui Zhang, Hengqian Lu, Kaijing Tang, Li Zhang, Xiaowei Kong, Kangliang Sheng, Jingmin Wang, Xiangdong Zha, Yongzhong Wang
FEMS Microbiology Letters.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Phospholipase C (AoPLC2) regulates mycelial development, trap morphogenesis, and pathogenicity of the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora
Meihua Xie, Ni Ma, Na Bai, Meichen Zhu, Ke-Qin Zhang, Jinkui Yang
Journal of Applied Microbiology.2022; 132(3): 2144. CrossRef

Molecular characterization of Hsf1 as a master regulator of heat shock response in the thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Ogataea parapolymorpha: Jin Ho Choo , Su-Bin Lee , Hye Yun Moon , Kun Hwa Lee , Su Jin Yoo , Keun Pil Kim , Hyun Ah Kang; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(2):151-163. Published online February 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0646-2

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Abstract

Ogataea parapolymorpha (Hansenula polymorpha DL-1) is a thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast with biotechnological applications. Here, O. parapolymorpha genes whose expression is induced in response to heat shock were identified by transcriptome analysis and shown to possess heat shock elements (HSEs) in their promoters. The function of O. parapolymorpha HSF1 encoding a putative heat shock transcription factor 1 (OpHsf1) was characterized in the context of heat stress response. Despite exhibiting low sequence identity (26%) to its Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog, OpHsf1 harbors conserved domains including a DNA binding domain (DBD), domains involved in trimerization (TRI), transcriptional activation (AR1, AR2), transcriptional repression (CE2), and a C-terminal modulator (CTM) domain. OpHSF1 could complement the temperature sensitive (Ts) phenotype of a S. cerevisiae hsf1 mutant. An O. parapolymorpha strain with an H221R mutation in the DBD domain of OpHsf1 exhibited significantly retarded growth and a Ts phenotype. Intriguingly, the expression of heat-shock-protein‒coding genes harboring HSEs was significantly decreased in the H221R mutant strain, even under non-stress conditions, indicating the importance of the DBD for the basal growth of O. parapolymorpha. Notably, even though the deletion of C-terminal domains (ΔCE2, ΔAR2, ΔCTM) of OpHsf1 destroyed complementation of the growth defect of the S. cerevisiae hsf1 strain, the C-terminal domains were shown to be dispensable in O. parapolymorpha. Overexpression of OpHsf1 in S. cerevisiae increased resistance to transient heat shock, supporting the idea that OpHsf1 could be useful in the development of heatshock‒ resistant yeast host strains.

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A comprehensive review and comparison of L-tryptophan biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli
Xinru Ren, Yue Wei, Honglu Zhao, Juanjuan Shao, Fanli Zeng, Zhen Wang, Li Li
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Heat shock in Cronobacter sakazakii induces direct protection and cross-protection against simulated gastric fluid stress
Hongmei Niu, MingzheYang, Yonghua Qi, Yangtai Liu, Xiang Wang, Qingli Dong
Food Microbiology.2022; 103: 103948. CrossRef
A review of yeast: High cell-density culture, molecular mechanisms of stress response and tolerance during fermentation
Dongxu Shen, Xiaoli He, Peifang Weng, Yanan Liu, Zufang Wu
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Development of a strategy for the screening of α-glucosidase-producing microorganisms: Bo Zhou+ , Nan Huang+ , Wei Zeng+ , Hao Zhang , Guiguang Chen , Zhiqun Liang; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(2):163-172. Published online January 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9267-4

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Abstract

α-Glucosidase is a crucial enzyme for the production of isomaltooligosaccharide. In this study, a novel method comprising eosin Y (EY) and α-D-methylglucoside (AMG) in glass plates was tested for the primary screening of α-glucosidaseproducing strains. First, α-glucosidase-producing Aspergillus niger strains were selected on plates containing EY and AMG based on transparent zone formation resulting from the solubilization of EY by the hydrolyzed product. Conventional
methods
that use trypan blue (TB) and p-nitrophenyl-α-Dglucopyranoside (pPNP) as indicators were then compared with the new strategy. The results showed that EY-containing plates provide the advantages of low price and higher specificity for the screening of α-glucosidase-producing strains. We then evaluated the correlation between the hydrolytic activity of α-glucosidase and diffusion distance, and found that good linearity could be established within a 6–75 U/ml enzyme concentration range. Finally, the hydrolytic and transglycosylation activities of α-glucosidase obtained from the target isolates were determined by EY plate assay and 3,5- dinitrosalicylic acid-Saccharomyces cerevisiae assay, respectively. The results showed that the diameter of the transparent zone varied among isolates was positively correlated with α-glucosidase hydrolytic activity, while good linearity could also be established between α-glucosidase transglycosylation activity and non-fermentable reducing sugars content. With this strategy, 7 Aspergillus niger mutants with high yield of α-glucosidase from 200 obvious single colonies on the primary screen plate were obtained.

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Purification, characterization of a novel α-glucosidase from Debaryomyces hansenii strain MCC 0202 and chromatographic separation for high purity isomalto-oligosaccharides production
Saravanan Rengarajan, Rameshthangam Palanivel
Process Biochemistry.2024; 136: 109. CrossRef
Development of a PMA‐LAMP visual detection assay for viable Cronobacter sakazakii
Qiming Chen, Yang Yu, Xiaodi Chen, Fangming Tu, Peng Wang, Junyi Huang, Zhanmin Liu
International Journal of Dairy Technology.2024; 77(2): 427. CrossRef
Identification of chitin synthase activator in Aspergillus niger and its application in citric acid fermentation
Chunxu Jiang, Han Wang, Menghan Liu, Li Wang, Ruwen Yang, Peng Wang, Zongmei Lu, Yong Zhou, Zhiming Zheng, Genhai Zhao
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2022; 106(21): 6993. CrossRef
Cloning and characterization of a recombinant α-glucosidase from Ensifer adhaerens NBRC 100388 and evaluation of its glucosyl transfer activity
Tatsuya Suzuki, Miyu Fukaya, Kazuki Takahashi, Michiki Takeuchi, Ryotaro Hara, Jun Ogawa, Makoto Ueda
Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology.2020; 30: 101837. CrossRef

Partial characteristics of hemolytic factors secreted from airborne Aspergillus and Penicillium, and an enhancement of hemolysis by Aspergillus micronesiensis CAMP-like factor via Staphylococcus aureus-sphingomyelinase: Sumonrat Kaveemongkonrat , Kwanjit Duangsonk , Jos Houbraken , Phimchat Suwannaphong , Nongnuch Vanittanakom Vanittanakom , Malee Mekaprateep; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(12):1086-1094. Published online November 4, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9133-4

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Abstract

One of the advantages for initial survival of inhaled fungal spores in the respiratory tract is the ability for iron acquisition via hemolytic factor-production. To examine the ability of indoor Aspergillus and Penicillium affecting hemolysis, the secreted factors during the growth of thirteen strains from eight species were characterized in vitro for their hemolytic activity (HA) and CAMP-like reaction. The hemolytic index of HA on human blood agar of Aspergillus micronesiensis, Aspergillus wentii, Aspergillus westerdijkiae, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium copticola, Penicillium paxilli, Penicillium steckii, and Penicillium sumatrense were 1.72 ± 0.34, 1.61 ± 0.41, 1.69 ± 0.16, 1.58 ± 0.46, 3.10 ± 0.51, 1.22 ± 0.19, 2.55 ± 0.22, and 1.90 ± 0.14, respectively. The secreted factors of an Aspergillus wentii showed high HA when grown in undernourished broth at 25°C at an exponential phase and were heat sensitive. Its secreted proteins have an estimated relative molecular weight over 50 kDa. Whereas, the factors of Penicillium steckii were secreted in a similar condition at a late exponential phase but showed low HA and heat tolerance. In a CAMP-like test with sheep blood, the synergistic hemolytic reactions between most tested mold strains and Staphylococcus aureus were identified. Moreover, the enhancement of α-hemolysis of Staphylococcus aureus could occur through the interaction of Staphylococcus aureus-sphingomyelinase and CAMP-like factors secreted from Aspergillus micronesiensis. Further studies on the characterization of purified hemolytic- and CAMP-like-factors secreted from Aspergillus wentii and Aspergillus micronesiensis may lead to more understanding of their involvement of hemolysis

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Green Synthesis of Endolichenic Fungi Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles: The Role in Antimicrobial, Anti-Cancer, and Mosquitocidal Activities
Yugal Kishore Mohanta, Debasis Nayak, Awdhesh Kumar Mishra, Ishani Chakrabartty, Manjit Kumar Ray, Tapan Kumar Mohanta, Kumananda Tayung, Rajapandian Rajaganesh, Murugan Vasanthakumaran, Saravanan Muthupandian, Kadarkarai Murugan, Gouridutta Sharma, Hans-
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(18): 10626. CrossRef
Group B Streptococcus CAMP Factor Does Not Contribute to Interactions with the Vaginal Epithelium and Is Dispensable for Vaginal Colonization in Mice
Mallory B. Ballard, Vicki Mercado-Evans, Madelynn G. Marunde, Hephzibah Nwanosike, Jacob Zulk, Kathryn A. Patras, Mariola J. Edelmann
Microbiology Spectrum.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

The velvet repressed vidA gene plays a key role in governing development in Aspergillus nidulans: Min-Ju Kim , Won-Hee Jung , Ye-Eun Son , Jae-Hyuk Yu , Mi-Kyung Lee , Hee-Soo Park; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(10):893-899. Published online August 28, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9214-4

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Abstract

Fungal development is regulated by a variety of transcription factors in Aspergillus nidulans. Previous studies demonstrated that the NF-κB type velvet transcription factors regulate certain target genes that govern fungal differentiation and cellular metabolism. In this study, we characterize one of the VosA/VelB-inhibited developmental genes called vidA, which is predicted to encode a 581-amino acid protein with a C2H2 zinc finger domain at the C-terminus. Levels of vidA mRNA are high during the early and middle phases of asexual development and decrease during the late phase of asexual development and asexual spore (conidium) formation. Deletion of either vosA or velB results in increased vidA mRNA accumulation in conidia, suggesting that vidA transcript accumulation in conidia is repressed by VosA and VelB. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated that deletion of vidA causes decreased colony growth, reduced production of asexual spores, and abnormal formation of sexual fruiting bodies. In addition, the vidA deletion mutant conidia contain more trehalose and β-glucan than wild type. Overall, these results suggest that VidA is a putative transcription factor that plays a key role in governing proper fungal growth, asexual and sexual development, and conidia formation in A. nidulans.

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Regulators of the Asexual Life Cycle of Aspergillus nidulans
Ye-Eun Son, Jae-Hyuk Yu, Hee-Soo Park
Cells.2023; 12(11): 1544. CrossRef
The Forkhead Gene fkhB is Necessary for Proper Development in Aspergillus nidulans
Seo-Yeong Jang, Ye-Eun Son, Dong-Soon Oh, Kap-Hoon Han, Jae-Hyuk Yu, Hee-Soo Park
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2023; 33(11): 1420. CrossRef
The function of a conidia specific transcription factor CsgA in Aspergillus nidulans
He-Jin Cho, Hee-Soo Park
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The Putative C2H2 Transcription Factor VadH Governs Development, Osmotic Stress Response, and Sterigmatocystin Production in Aspergillus nidulans
Xiaoyu Li, Yanxia Zhao, Heungyun Moon, Jieyin Lim, Hee-Soo Park, Zhiqiang Liu, Jae-Hyuk Yu
Cells.2022; 11(24): 3998. CrossRef
The Role of Chromatin and Transcriptional Control in the Formation of Sexual Fruiting Bodies in Fungi
Minou Nowrousian
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Functions of PUF Family RNA-Binding Proteins in Aspergillus nidulans
Sung-Hun Son, Seo-Yeong Jang, Hee-Soo Park
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2021; 31(5): 676. CrossRef
The putative sensor histidine kinase VadJ coordinates development and sterigmatocystin production in Aspergillus nidulans
Yanxia Zhao, Mi-Kyung Lee, Jieyin Lim, Heungyun Moon, Hee-Soo Park, Weifa Zheng, Jae-Hyuk Yu
Journal of Microbiology.2021; 59(8): 746. CrossRef
Unveiling the Functions of the VosA-VelB Target GenevidDinAspergillus nidulans
Ye-Eun Son, Hee-Soo Park
Mycobiology.2021; 49(3): 258. CrossRef
Velvet activated McrA plays a key role in cellular and metabolic development in Aspergillus nidulans
Mi-Kyung Lee, Ye-Eun Son, Hee-Soo Park, Ahmad Alshannaq, Kap-Hoon Han, Jae-Hyuk Yu
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The role of the VosA-repressed dnjA gene in development and metabolism in Aspergillus species
Ye-Eun Son, He-Jin Cho, Wanping Chen, Sung-Hun Son, Mi-Kyung Lee, Jae-Hyuk Yu, Hee-Soo Park
Current Genetics.2020; 66(3): 621. CrossRef
Homeobox proteins are essential for fungal differentiation and secondary metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans
Sung-Hun Son, Ye-Eun Son, He-Jin Cho, Wanping Chen, Mi-Kyung Lee, Lee-Han Kim, Dong-Min Han, Hee-Soo Park
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The brlA Gene Deletion Reveals That Patulin Biosynthesis Is Not Related to Conidiation in Penicillium expansum
Chrystian Zetina-Serrano, Ophélie Rocher, Claire Naylies, Yannick Lippi, Isabelle P. Oswald, Sophie Lorber, Olivier Puel
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2020; 21(18): 6660. CrossRef

Whole genome analysis of Aspergillus sojae SMF 134 supports its merits as a starter for soybean fermentation: Kang Uk Kim , Kyung Min Kim , Yong-Ho Choi , Byung-Serk Hurh , Inhyung Lee; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(10):874-883. Published online June 27, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9152-1

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Abstract

Aspergillus sojae is a koji (starter) mold that has been applied for food fermentation in Asia. The whole genome of A. sojae SMF 134, which was isolated from meju (Korean soybean fermented brick), was analyzed at the genomic level to evaluate its potential as a starter for soybean fermentation. The genome size was 40.1 Mbp, which was expected to be composed of eight chromosomes with 13,748 ORFs. Strain SMF 134 had a total of 151 protease genes, among which two more leucine aminopeptidase (lap) genes were found in addition to the previously known lap1, and three γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (ggt) genes were newly identified. Such genomic characteristics of SMF 134 with many protease and flavor-related (lap and ggt) genes support its merits as a starter for soybean fermentation. In addition, this first complete genome of A. sojae will allow for further genetic studies to better understand the production of various enzymes, including proteases, LAPs, and GGTs, as well as other characteristics as a starter mold for soybean fermentation.

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Starter molds and multi-enzyme catalysis in koji fermentation of soy sauce brewing: A review
Yihao Liu, Guangru Sun, Jingyao Li, Peng Cheng, Qian Song, Wen Lv, Chunling Wang
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Phenotypic, Genomic, and Transcriptomic Comparison of Industrial Aspergillus oryzae Used in Chinese and Japanese Soy Sauce: Analysis of Key Proteolytic Enzymes Produced by Koji Molds
Lijie Zhang, Le Kang, Yan Xu, Yanbin Yin
Microbiology Spectrum.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Characteristics of the soy sauce taste and koji enzyme profiles as affected by soybean traits
Yimin Chen, Mouming Zhao, Yunzi Feng
Food Bioscience.2023; 53: 102776. CrossRef
Comparative proteome and volatile metabolome analysis of Aspergillus oryzae 3.042 and Aspergillus sojae 3.495 during koji fermentation
Jingyao Li, Bin Liu, Xiaojuan Feng, Mengli Zhang, Tingting Ding, Yue Zhao, Chunling Wang
Food Research International.2023; 165: 112527. CrossRef
CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing for comparative genetic analysis related to soy sauce brewing in Aspergillus sojae industrial strains
Takayuki Igarashi, Takuya Katayama, Jun-ichi Maruyama
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry.2023; 87(10): 1236. CrossRef
Untargeted metabolomic profiling of Aspergillus sojae 3.495 and Aspergillus oryzae 3.042 fermented soy sauce koji and effect on moromi fermentation flavor
Jingyao Li, Chengguo Sun, Zhanyu Shen, Yutong Tian, Fanghua Mo, Binghui Wang, Bin Liu, Chunling Wang
LWT.2023; 184: 115027. CrossRef
Identification of Virulence Factors in Entomopathogenic Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Naturally Infected Rhipicephalus microplus
Cesar A. Arreguin-Perez, Estefan Miranda-Miranda, Jorge Luis Folch-Mallol, Raquel Cossío-Bayúgar
Microorganisms.2023; 11(8): 2107. CrossRef
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Perng-Kuang Chang, Sui Sheng T. Hua
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Arthur J. Lustig, Cecile Fairhead
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Alexandra Schamann, Rolf Geisen, Markus Schmidt-Heydt, Antonis Rokas
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Jyoti P Tamang, Anu Anupma, Headstar Nakibapher Jones Shangpliang
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He-Jin Cho, Sung-Hun Son, Wanping Chen, Ye-Eun Son, Inhyung Lee, Jae-Hyuk Yu, Hee-Soo Park
Cells.2022; 11(18): 2796. CrossRef
High molecular weight DNA extraction methods lead to high quality filamentous ascomycete fungal genome assemblies using Oxford Nanopore sequencing
Celine Petersen, Trine Sørensen, Klaus R. Westphal, Lavinia I. Fechete, Teis E. Sondergaard, Jens L. Sørensen, Kåre L. Nielsen
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Koji Molds for Japanese Soy Sauce Brewing: Characteristics and Key Enzymes
Kotaro Ito, Asahi Matsuyama
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Screening and identification of Aspergillus activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and analysis of antimicrobial components: Bei Jiang , Zhiying Wang , Chuxuan Xu , Weijia Liu , Donghua Jiang; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(7):597-605. Published online June 27, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8330-5

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Abstract

To screen for Aspergillus activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and analyse the antimicrobial components involved, 60 Aspergillus spp. were isolated and purified from fruits, soil and other habitats. As-75, an Aspergillus strain that can antagonize Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, was identified based on the zone of inhibition formed during co-culture. According to morphological, ITS rDNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic tree results, the strain showed close homology to Aspergillus sclerotiorum. The biochemical characterization tests showed that the fermentation broth of strain As-75 exhibited a high capacity for environmental adaptation. The results of the antimicrobial spectrum experiments demonstrated that As-75 exhibited fairly strong antagonistic activity against five plant pathogenic fungi and six plant pathogenic bacteria in vitro. The fermentation broth of strain As-75 displayed maximum stability under fluorescent illumination at temperatures below 60°C at pH 6.5. A substance with antagonistic activity was obtained from strain As-75 via fractional extraction, silica gel column chromatography and thinlayer chromatography. Through mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analyses, the target compound was identified as (2Z)-2-butenedioic acid-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-methyl ester; its molecular weight of 170.06 daltons and formula of C8H10O4 identify it as a novel compound. Trials of the preventative and curative effects demonstrated that compound S1 exhibited a better control efficiency than the control against rice bacterial blight. Additionally, the M1 processing
method
was better, and the efficiency of compound S1 in preventing rice bacterial blight in six rice varieties, TN1, IR24, ZF802, Zhonghua 11, Wuyunjing 21, and Nipponbare, was 78.3%, 77.5%, 74.2%, 75.3%, 70.9%, and 72.1%, respectively.

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Huaixiang Tian, Yao Liu, Li Li, Chen Chen, Haiyan Yu, Xinxin Ma, Juan Huang, Xinman Lou, Haibin Yuan
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