Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

A mucin-responsive hybrid two-component system controls Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron colonization and gut homeostasis: Ju-Hyung Lee , Soo-Jeong Kwon , Ji-Yoon Han , Sang-Hyun Cho , Yong-Joon Cho , Joo-Hong Park; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(2):215-223. Published online February 1, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1649-3

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The mammalian intestinal tract contains trillions of bacteria. However, the genetic factors that allow gut symbiotic bacteria to occupy intestinal niches remain poorly understood. Here, we identified genetic determinants required for Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron colonization in the gut using transposon sequencing analysis. Transposon insertion in BT2391, which encodes a hybrid two-component system, increased the competitive fitness of B. thetaiotaomicron. The BT2391 mutant showed a growth advantage in a mucin-dependent manner and had an increased ability to adhere to mucus-producing cell lines. The increased competitive advantage of the BT2391 mutant was dependent on the BT2392–2395 locus containing susCD homologs. Deletion of BT2391 led to changes in the expression levels of B. thetaiotaomicron genes during gut colonization. However, colonization of the BT2391 mutant promoted DSS colitis in low-fiber diet-fed mice. These results indicate that BT2391 contributes to a sustainable symbiotic relationship by maintaining a balance between mucosal colonization and gut homeostasis.

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Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum BFS1243 on a female frailty model induced by fecal microbiota transplantation in germ-free mice
Sashuang Dong, Qi Zeng, Weimin He, Wei Cheng, Ling Zhang, Ruimin Zhong, Wen He, Xiang Fang, Hong Wei
Food & Function.2024; 15(8): 3993. CrossRef
A conserved inhibitory interdomain interaction regulates DNA-binding activities of hybrid two-component systems in Bacteroides
Rong Gao, Ti Wu, Ann M. Stock, Michael T. Laub
mBio.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Polysaccharides from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua prevent depression-like behaviors in mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress through refining gut microbiota-lipopolysaccharide-paraventricular nucleus signal axis
Xinya Wang, Xueqing Wang, Feng Gao, Shaojie Yang, Yilan Zhen, Xuncui Wang, Guoqi Zhu
Heliyon.2024; 10(19): e38554. CrossRef
Metal Messengers: Communication in the Bacterial World through Transition-Metal-Sensing Two-Component Systems
Alexander Paredes, Chioma Iheacho, Aaron T. Smith
Biochemistry.2023; 62(16): 2339. CrossRef
Tang-Ping-San Decoction Remodel Intestinal Flora and Barrier to Ameliorate Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rodent Model
Wen Yin, Si-Qi Zhang, Wen-Lin Pang, Xiao-Jiao Chen, Jing Wen, Jiong Hou, Cui Wang, Li-Yun Song, Zhen-Ming Qiu, Peng-Tao Liang, Jia-Li Yuan, Zhong-Shan Yang, Yao Bian
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2022; Volume 15: 2563. CrossRef

Characterization of a novel phage depolymerase specific to Escherichia coli O157:H7 and biofilm control on abiotic surfaces: Do-Won Park , Jong-Hyun Park; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(11):1002-1009. Published online October 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1413-0

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Abstract

The increasing prevalence of foodborne diseases caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 as well as its ability to form biofilms poses major threats to public health worldwide. With increasing concerns about the limitations of current disinfectant treatments, phage-derived depolymerases may be used as promising biocontrol agents. Therefore, in this study, the characterization, purification, and application of a novel phage depolymerase, Dpo10, specifically targeting the lipopolysaccharides of E. coli O157, was performed. Dpo10, with a molecular mass of 98 kDa, was predicted to possess pectate lyase activity via genome analysis and considered to act as a receptor- binding protein of the phage. We confirmed that the purified Dpo10 showed O-polysaccharide degrading activity only for the E. coli O157 strains by observing its opaque halo. Dpo10 maintained stable enzymatic activities across a wide range of temperature conditions under 55°C and mild basic pH. Notably, Dpo10 did not inhibit bacterial growth but significantly increased the complement-mediated serum lysis of E. coli O157 by degrading its O-polysaccharides. Moreover, Dpo10 inhibited the biofilm formation against E. coli O157 on abiotic polystyrene by 8-fold and stainless steel by 2.56 log CFU/coupon. This inhibition was visually confirmed via fieldemission scanning electron microscopy. Therefore, the novel depolymerase from E. coli siphophage exhibits specific binding and lytic activities on the lipopolysaccharide of E. coli O157 and may be used as a promising anti-biofilm agent against the E. coli O157:H7 strain.

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Effect of Bacteriophages against Biofilms of Escherichia coli on Food Processing Surfaces
Ana Brás, Márcia Braz, Inês Martinho, João Duarte, Carla Pereira, Adelaide Almeida
Microorganisms.2024; 12(2): 366. CrossRef
Bacteriophage–Host Interactions and the Therapeutic Potential of Bacteriophages
Leon M. T. Dicks, Wian Vermeulen
Viruses.2024; 16(3): 478. CrossRef
Current Strategies for Combating Biofilm-Forming Pathogens in Clinical Healthcare-Associated Infections
Rashmita Biswas, Bhawana Jangra, Ganapathy Ashok, Velayutham Ravichandiran, Utpal Mohan
Indian Journal of Microbiology.2024; 64(3): 781. CrossRef
Phage Adsorption to Gram-Positive Bacteria
Audrey Leprince, Jacques Mahillon
Viruses.2023; 15(1): 196. CrossRef
Prevalence of Indigenous Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Isolates and Their Application to Explore a Lytic Phage vB_SalS_KFSSM with an Intra-Broad Specificity
Jaein Choe, Su-Hyeon Kim, Ji Min Han, Jong-Hoon Kim, Mi-Sun Kwak, Do-Won Jeong, Mi-Kyung Park
Journal of Microbiology.2023; 61(12): 1063. CrossRef
Phages against Pathogenic Bacterial Biofilms and Biofilm-Based Infections: A Review
Siyu Liu, Hongyun Lu, Shengliang Zhang, Ying Shi, Qihe Chen
Pharmaceutics.2022; 14(2): 427. CrossRef

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

The Proportion of Non-Aflatoxigenic Strains of the Aspergillus flavus/oryzae Complex from Meju by Analyses of the Aflatoxin Biosynthetic Genes: Seung-Beom Hong , Mina Lee , Dae-Ho Kim , Soo-Hyun Chung , Hyeon-Dong Shin , Robert A. Samson; J. Microbiol. 2013;51(6):766-772. Published online December 19, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-3128-3

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Abstract

Strains of the Aspergillus flavus/oryzae complex are frequently isolated from meju, a fermented soybean product, that is used as the starting material for ganjang (soy sauce) and doenjang (soybean paste) production. In this study, we examined the aflatoxin producing capacity of A. flavus/oryzae strains isolated from meju. 192 strains of A. flavus/oryzae were isolated from more than 100 meju samples collected from diverse regions of Korea from 2008 to 2011, and the norB-cypA, omtA, and aflR genes in the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster were analyzed. We found that 178 strains (92.7%) belonged to non-aflatoxigenic group (Type I of norB-cypA, IB-L-B-, IC-AO, or IA-L-B- of omtA, and AO type of aflR), and 14 strains (7.3%) belonged to aflatoxin-producible group (Type II of norB-cypA, IC-L-B+/B- or IC-L-B+ of omtA, and AF type of aflR). Only 7 strains (3.6%) in the aflatoxin-producible group produced aflatoxins on Czapek yeast-extract medium. The aflatoxin-producing capability of A. flavus/ oryzae strains from other sources in Korea were also investigated, and 92.9% (52/56) strains from air, 93.9% (31/33) strains from rice straw, 91.7% (11/12) strains from soybean, 81.3% (13/16) strains from corn, 82% (41/50) strains from peanut, and 73.2% (41/56) strains from arable soil were included in the non-aflatoxigenic group. The proportion of non-aflatoxigenicity of meju strains was similar to that of strains from soybean, air and rice straw, all of which have an effect on the fermentation of meju. The data suggest that meju does not have a preference for non-aflatoxigenic or aflatoxin-producible strains of A. flavus/oryzae from the environment of meju. The non-aflatoxigenic meju strains are proposed to be named A. oryzae, while the meju strains that can produce aflatoxins should be referred to A. flavus in this study.

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Inhibitory Effects of Bacillus subtilis Isolated from Meju (Fermented Soybean Brick) on the Growth of Aspergillus parasiticus
Jong-Gyu Kim, Jeong-Yeong Park
Applied Microbiology.2024; 4(1): 354. CrossRef
Analysis of microbial community and the characterization of Aspergillus flavus in Liuyang Douchi during fermentation
Yi Chen, Pao Li, Weiwei He, Luyan Liao, Bo Xia, Liwen Jiang, Yang Liu
LWT.2022; 154: 112567. CrossRef
Effect of allyl isothiocyanate on transcriptional profile, aflatoxin synthesis, and Aspergillus flavus growth
Tiago de Melo Nazareth, Manuel Alonso-Garrido, Oana Stanciu, Jordi Mañes, Lara Manyes, Giuseppe Meca
Food Research International.2020; 128: 108786. CrossRef
Safety of the fungal workhorses of industrial biotechnology: update on the mycotoxin and secondary metabolite potential of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Trichoderma reesei
Jens C. Frisvad, Lars L. H. Møller, Thomas O. Larsen, Ravi Kumar, José Arnau
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2018; 102(22): 9481. CrossRef
A comparative secretome analysis of industrial Aspergillus oryzae and its spontaneous mutant ZJGS-LZ-21
Yuanyuan Zhu, Xinle Liang, Hong Zhang, Wei Feng, Ye Liu, Fuming Zhang, Robert J Linhardt
International Journal of Food Microbiology.2017; 248: 1. CrossRef
Mold and Human Health: a Reality Check
Andrea T. Borchers, Christopher Chang, M. Eric Gershwin
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology.2017; 52(3): 305. CrossRef
Addition of Carbon to the Culture Medium Improves the Detection Efficiency of Aflatoxin Synthetic Fungi
Tadahiro Suzuki, Yumiko Iwahashi
Toxins.2016; 8(11): 338. CrossRef
Mycobiota of ground red pepper and their aflatoxigenic potential
Hyeonheui Ham, Sosoo Kim, Min-Hee Kim, Soohyung Lee, Sung Kee Hong, Jae-Gee Ryu, Theresa Lee
Journal of Microbiology.2016; 54(12): 832. CrossRef
Species List of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces in Korea, Based on ‘One Fungus One Name’ System

The Korean Journal of Mycology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Taxonomic Characterization and Safety of Nuruk Molds Used Industrially in Korea

The Korean Journal of Mycology.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
High sequence variations in the region containing genes encoding a cellular morphogenesis protein and the repressor of sexual development help to reveal origins of Aspergillus oryzae
Perng-Kuang Chang, Leslie L. Scharfenstein, Cesar D. Solorzano, Hamed K. Abbas, Sui-Sheng T. Hua, Walker A. Jones, Robert M. Zablotowicz
International Journal of Food Microbiology.2015; 200: 66. CrossRef
The potential hazards of Aspergillus sp. in foods and feeds, and the role of biological treatment: A review
Sheikh Imranudin Sheikh-Ali, Akil Ahmad, Siti-Hamidah Mohd-Setapar, Zainul Akmal Zakaria, Norfahana Abdul-Talib, Aidee Kamal Khamis, Md Enamul Hoque
Journal of Microbiology.2014; 52(10): 807. CrossRef
Diversity, Saccharification Capacity, and Toxigenicity Analyses of Fungal Isolates in Nuruk
Min Sik Kim, Sinil Kim, Byeong-Seok Ha, Hye-Young Park, Seong-Yeol BaeK, Soo-Hwan Yeo, Hyeon-Su Ro
The Korean Journal of Mycology.2014; 42(3): 191. CrossRef

Review

Genomics Reveals Traces of Fungal Phenylpropanoid-flavonoid Metabolic Pathway in the F ilamentous Fungus Aspergillus oryzae: Praveen Rao Juvvadi , Yasuyo Seshime , Katsuhiko Kitamoto; J. Microbiol. 2005;43(6):475-486.; DOI: https://doi.org/2302 [pii]

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Abstract: Fungal secondary metabolites constitute a wide variety of compounds which either play a vital role in agricultural, pharmaceutical and industrial contexts, or have devastating effects on agriculture, animal and human affairs by virtue of their toxigenicity. Owing to their beneficial and deleterious characteristics, these complex compounds and the genes responsible for their synthesis have been the subjects of extensive investigation by microbiologists and pharmacologists. A majority of the fungal secondary metabolic genes are classified as type I polyketide synthases (PKS) which are often clustered with other secondary metabolism related genes. In this review we discuss on the significance of our recent discovery of chalcone synthase (CHS) genes belonging to the type III PKS superfamily in an industrially important fungus, Aspergillus oryzae. CHS genes are known to play a vital role in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in plants. A comparative genome analyses revealed the unique character of A. oryzae with four CHS-like genes (csyA, csyB, csyC and csyD) amongst other Aspergilli (Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus) which contained none of the CHS-like genes. Some other fungi such as Neurospora crassa, Fusarium graminearum, Magnaporthe grisea, Podospora anserina and Phanerochaete chrysosporium also contained putative type III PKSs, with a phylogenic distinction from bacteria and plants. The enzymatically active nature of these newly discovered homologues is expected owing to the conservation in the catalytic residues across the different species of plants and fungi, and also by the fact that a majority of these genes (csyA, csyB and csyD) were expressed in A. oryzae. While this finding brings filamentous fungi closer to plants and bacteria which until recently were the only ones considered to possess the type III PKSs, the presence of putative genes encoding other principal enzymes involved in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis (viz., phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamic acid hydroxylase and p-coumarate CoA ligase) in the A. oryzae genome undoubtedly prove the extent of its metabolic diversity. Since many of these genes have not been identified earlier, knowledge on their corresponding products or activities remain undeciphered. In future, it is anticipated that these enzymes may be reasonable targets for metabolic engineering in fungi to produce agriculturally and nutritionally important metabolites.

Quantitative Analysis of Expressed Genes in Aspergillus Oryzae by Sequencing 3'-directed cDNA Clones: Hwang, Hyun Ah , Lee, Dong Whan , Kim, Jong Hwa , Lee, Tae Kyoo , Yang, Moon Sik , Chae, Keon Sang; J. Microbiol. 1998;36(2):111-117.

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Abstract: Sequence analysis of randomly selected 3'-directed cKNA clones has been known to be one of the most powerful methods of examining the genes highly expressed in a tissue or cell type. We constructed a 3'-directed cDNA libraty from Aspergillus oryzae mycelia, and sequenced 345 randomly selected 3'-directed cDNA clones. Determined nucleotide sequences, not shorter than 30nt, were compared with one other to generate gene signatures (GSs) and were then compared with GenBank entries to analyze sequence similarity to known genes. A GS for the most highly expressed gene appeared six times, one GS five times, five GSs four times, five GSs three times and 22 GSs twice. In total, 324 clones yielded 268 GSs consisting of 34 redundant GSs appeaning at least twice and 234 solitary ones. Forty-three GSs showed similarities ranging from 60% to 99% with known sequences from Genbank. A considerable number of A. oryzae GSs mateched those obtained from the sexual structures of A. nidulans suggests that A. oryzae may not be phylogentically distant from A. nidulans and that A. oryzae may have a sexual life cycle from the ancient period.

Purification and Characteristics of Glucoamylase in Aspergillus oryzae NR 3-6 Isolated from Traditional Korean Nuruk: Yu, Tae Shick , Kim, Tae Hyoung , Joo, Chong Yoon; J. Microbiol. 1999;37(2):80-85.

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Abstract: The purification system of glucoamylase (glucan 1,4-α-glucosidase, EC 3. 2. 1. 3), some characteristics of the purified enzyme and hydrolysis rate of various raw starch were investigated through several experiments. The enzyme was produced on a solid, uncooked wheat bran medium of Aspergillus oryzae NR 3-6 isolated from traditional Korean Nuruk. The enzyme was homogeneously purified 6.8-fold with an overall yield of 28.3% by the criteria of disc- and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was estimated to be 48 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimum temperature and pH were 55℃ and 4.0, respectively. The enzyme was stable at a pH range of 3.0∼10.0 and below 45℃. Enzyme activity was inhibited about 27% by 1mM Hg^2+. The hydrolysis rate of raw wheat starch was shown to be 17.5-fold faster than the hydrolysis rate of soluble starch. The purified enzyme was identified as glucoamylase because the product of soluble starch by the purified enzyme was mainly glucose by thin layer chromatography.

Controlled Expression and Secretion of Aspergillus oryzae Alkaline Protease in Aspergillus nidulans: Eun Ah Kim , Jeong Goo Lee , Mi Kyung Whang , Hee Moon Park , Jeong Yoon Kim , Suhn Kee Chae , Pil Jae Maeng; J. Microbiol. 2001;39(2):95-101.

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Abstract: In an effort to develop an efficient expression and secretion system for heterologous proteins in Aspergillus nidulans, the PCR-amplified coding sequence for alkaline protease (AlpA) of A. oryzae was cloned into a fungal expression vector downstream of A. nidulans alcA (alcohol dehydrogenase) promoter to yield pRAAlp. Transformation of A. nidulans with pRAAlp gave stable transformants harboring various copy numbers (3 to 10) of integrated alpA gene, from among which 6 representatives were selected. On a medium containing 0.8% ammonium sulfate that represses the expression of the hosts own protease, the alcA promoter-controlled AlpA expression was strongly induced by threonine but repressed by glucose. The level of AlpA secretion was highest (approximately 666 mU/ml) in transformant ALP6 containing the largest copy number integrated alpA. However, the level of AlpA secretion was not necessarily proportional to the copy numbers of the integrated alpA genes. The N-terminal sequence of the secreted mature AlpA was determined to be Gly-Leu-Thr-Thr-Gln-Lys-Ser and its molecular mass to be approximately 34 kDa, indicating that AlpA is properly processed by the removal of 121 N-terminal amino acids.

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