Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Characterization and Comparative Genomic Analysis of vB_BceM_CEP1: A Novel Temperate Bacteriophage Infecting Burkholderia cepacia Complex: Momen Askoura, Eslam K Fahmy, Safya E Esmaeel, Wael A H Hegazy, Aliaa Abdelghafar; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(11):1035-1055. Published online November 18, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00185-2

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Abstract: The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria imminently threatens public health and jeopardizes nearly all aspects of modern medicine. The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) comprises Burkholderia cepacia and the related species of Gram-negative bacteria. Members of the Bcc group are opportunistic pathogens responsible for various chronic illnesses, including cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease. Phage therapy is emerging as a potential solution to combat the antimicrobial resistance crisis. In this study, a temperate phage vB_BceM_CEP1 was isolated from sewage and fully characterized. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that vB_BceM_CEP1 belongs to the family Peduoviridae. The isolated phage demonstrated enhanced environmental stability and antibiofilm potential. One-step growth analysis revealed a latent period of 30 min and an average burst size of 139 plaque-forming units per cell. The genome of vB_BceM_CEP1 consists of 32,486 bp with a GC content of 62.05%. A total of 40 open reading frames were annotated in the phage genome, and none of the predicted genes was annotated as tRNA. Notably, genes associated with antibiotic resistance, host virulence factors, and toxins were absent from the vB_BceM_CEP1 genome. Based on its unique phenotype and phylogeny, the isolated phage vB_BceM_CEP1 is classified as a new temperate phage with lytic activity. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the diversity of Bcc phages.

Transcriptome analysis to understand the effects of the toxoflavin and tropolone produced by phytopathogenic Burkholderia on Escherichia coli: Jungwook Park , Hyun-Hee Lee , Hyejung Jung , Young-Su Seo; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(9):781-794. Published online August 27, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9330-1

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The phytopathogenic Burkholderia species B. glumae and B. plantarii are the causal agents of bacterial wilt, grain rot, and seedling blight, which threaten the rice industry globally. Toxoflavin and tropolone are produced by these phytopathogens and are considered the most hostile biohazards with a broad spectrum of target organisms. However, despite their nonspecific toxicity, the effects of toxoflavin and tropolone on bacteria remain unknown. RNA-seq based transcriptome analysis was employed to determine the genome-wide expression patterns under phytotoxin treatment. Expression of 2327 and 830 genes was differentially changed by toxoflavin and tropolone, respectively. Enriched biological pathways reflected the down-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation and ribosome function, beginning with the inhibition of membrane biosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism under oxidative stress or iron starvation. Conversely, several systems such as bacterial chemotaxis, flagellar assembly, biofilm formation, and sulfur/taurine transporters were highly expressed as countermeasures against the phytotoxins. In addition, our findings revealed that three hub genes commonly induced by both phytotoxins function as the siderophore enterobactin, an ironchelator. Our study provides new insights into the effects of phytotoxins on bacteria for better understanding of the interactions between phytopathogens and other microorganisms. These data will also be applied as a valuable source in subsequent applications against phytotoxins, the major virulence factor.

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AHL-Based Quorum Sensing Regulates the Biosynthesis of a Variety of Bioactive Molecules in Bacteria
Mélanie Gonzales, Pauline Jacquet, Floriane Gaucher, Éric Chabrière, Laure Plener, David Daudé
Journal of Natural Products.2024; 87(4): 1268. CrossRef
Determination of bacterial toxin toxoflavin and fervenulin in food and identification of their degradation products
Hui Wang, Lili Hu, Xiaotu Chang, Yuge Hu, Yan Zhang, Peng Zhou, Xiaojiao Cui
Food Chemistry.2023; 399: 134010. CrossRef
Antimicrobial peptides in combination with citronellal efficiently kills multidrug resistance bacteria
Zhanyi Yang, Shiqi He, Yingxin Wei, Xuefeng Li, Anshan Shan, Jiajun Wang
Phytomedicine.2023; 120: 155070. CrossRef
A membrane protein of the rice pathogen Burkholderia glumae required for oxalic acid secretion and quorum sensing
Asif Iqbal, George Nwokocha, Vijay Tiwari, Inderjit K. Barphagha, Anne Grove, Jong Hyun Ham, William T. Doerrler
Molecular Plant Pathology.2023; 24(11): 1400. CrossRef
Characterisation of Pythium aristosporum Oomycete—A Novel Pathogen Causing Rice Seedling Blight in China
Jinxin Liu, Ruisi Zhang, Chuzhen Xu, Chunlai Liu, Yanyan Zheng, Xue Zhang, Shasha Liu, Yonggang Li
Journal of Fungi.2022; 8(9): 890. CrossRef
Toxoflavin secreted by Pseudomonas alcaliphila inhibits the growth of Legionella pneumophila and Vermamoeba vermiformis
Sebastien P. Faucher, Sara Matthews, Arvin Nickzad, Passoret Vounba, Deeksha Shetty, Émilie Bédard, Michele Prévost, Eric Déziel, Kiran Paranjape
Water Research.2022; 216: 118328. CrossRef
Chemical or Genetic Alteration of Proton Motive Force Results in Loss of Virulence of Burkholderia glumae, the Cause of Rice Bacterial Panicle Blight
Asif Iqbal, Pradip R. Panta, John Ontoy, Jobelle Bruno, Jong Hyun Ham, William T. Doerrler, Gladys Alexandre
Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Multiple endogenous seed-born bacteria recovered rice growth disruption caused by Burkholderia glumae
Chiharu Akimoto-Tomiyama
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Paraburkholderia lacunae sp. nov., isolated from soil near an artificial pond: Tingye Feng , Sang Eun Jeong , Jin Ju Lim , Seogang Hyun , Che Ok Jeon; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(4):232-237. Published online January 16, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8463-6

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Abstract

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated strain S27T, was isolated from soil near an artificial pond in South Korea. Cells were non-motile short rods showing oxidase- and catalase-positive activities. Growth of strain S27T was observed at 20–40°C (optimum, 30°C), pH 5.0–7.0 (optimum, pH 6.0), and 0–0.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%). Ubiquinone-8 was detected as the sole respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were C16:0, cyclo-C17:0, and cyclo- C19:0 ω8c. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 62.4 mol%. Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and an unidentified aminophospholipid were detected as the major polar lipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S27T formed a clearly distinct phyletic lineage from closely related Paraburkholderia species within the genus Paraburkholderia. Strain S27T was most closely related to Paraburkholderia rhynchosiae WSM3937T, Paraburkholderia ginsengiterrae DCY85T, Paraburkholderia fungorum NBRC 102489T, and Paraburkholderia graminis C4D1MT with 98.8%, 98.4%, 98.4%, and 97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. The DNA-DNA relatedness level between strain S27T and the type strain of P. rhynchosiae was 36.8 ± 2.6%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain S27T represents a novel species of the genus Paraburkholderia, for which the name Paraburkholderia lacunae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S27T (KACC 19714 T = JCM 32721T).

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International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes, Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Rhizobia and Agrobacteria, minutes of the annual meeting by videoconference, 5 July 2021, followed by online discussion until 31 December 2021
Seyed Abdollah Mousavi, J. Peter W. Young
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Lysobacter arenosi sp. nov. and Lysobacter solisilvae sp. nov. isolated from soil
Kyeong Ryeol Kim, Kyung Hyun Kim, Shehzad Abid Khan, Hyung Min Kim, Dong Min Han, Che Ok Jeon
Journal of Microbiology.2021; 59(8): 709. CrossRef
The history and distribution of nodulating Paraburkholderia, a potential inoculum for Fynbos forage species
Chrizelle W. Beukes, Stephanus N. Venter, Emma T. Steenkamp
Grass and Forage Science.2021; 76(1): 10. CrossRef
International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Rhizobia and Agrobacteria Minutes of the closed meeting by videoconference, 17 July 2019
Philippe de Lajudie, J. Peter W. Young
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2020; 70(5): 3563. CrossRef
Flavihumibacter soli sp. nov., Isolated from Soil
Ye Lin Seo, Jaejoon Jung, Shehzad Abid Khan, Kyung Hyun Kim, Che Ok Jeon
Current Microbiology.2020; 77(10): 3179. CrossRef
List of new names and new combinations that have appeared in effective publications outside of the IJSEM and are submitted for valid publication
Aharon Oren, George M. Garrity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Paraburkholderia dokdonella sp. nov., isolated from a plant from the genus Campanula: Man-Young Jung , Myung-Suk Kang , Ki-Eun Lee , Eun-Young Lee , Soo-Je Park; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(2):107-112. Published online November 19, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8500-5

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Abstract

The novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterial strain DCR-13T was isolated from a native plant belonging to the genus Campanula on Dokdo, an island in the Republic of Korea. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that this strain is closely related to Paraburkholderia peleae PP52-1T (98.43% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paraburkholderia oxyphila NBRC 105797T (98.42%), Paraburkholderia sacchari IPT 101T (98.28%), Paraburkholderia mimosarum NBRC 106338T (97.80%), Paraburkholderia denitrificans KIS30-44T (97.46%), and Paraburkholderia paradise WAT (97.45%). This analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence also suggested that DCR-13T and the six closely related strains formed a clade within the genus Paraburkholderia, but that DCR-13T was clearly separated from the established species. DCR-13T had ubiquinone 8 as its predominant respiratory quinone, and its genomic DNA G + C content was 63.9 mol%. The isolated strain grew at a pH of 6.0–8.0 (with an optimal pH of 6.5), 0–4% w/v NaCl (with an optimal level of 0%), and a temperature of 18–42°C (with an optimal temperature of 30°C). The predominant fatty acids were C16:0, summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c/C18:1 ω6c), C17:0 cyclo, C19:0 cyclo ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c/C16:1 ω7c) and summed feature 2 (C12:0 aldehyde), and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. On the basis of polyphasic evidence, it is proposed that strain DCR-13T (= KCTC 62811T = LMG 30889T) represents the type strain of a novel species, Paraburkholderia dokdonella sp. nov.

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Genome-based taxonomy of Burkholderia sensu lato: Distinguishing closely related species
Evelise Bach, Camila Gazolla Volpiano, Fernando Hayashi Sant’Anna, Luciane Maria Pereira Passaglia
Genetics and Molecular Biology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Genome-based Reclassification of Paraburkholderia insulsa as a Later Heterotypic Synonym of Paraburkholderia fungorum and Proposal of Paraburkholderia terrae subsp. terrae subsp. nov. and Paraburkholderia terrae subsp. steynii subsp. nov.
Munusamy Madhaiyan, Shankar Sriram, Nedounsejian Kiruba, Venkatakrishnan Sivaraj Saravanan
Current Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Engineering of a newly isolated Bacillus tequilensis BL01 for poly-γ-glutamic acid production from citric acid
Dexin Wang, Xiaoping Fu, Dasen Zhou, Jiaqi Gao, Wenqin Bai
Microbial Cell Factories.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Hidden Genomic Diversity, Specialized Metabolite Capacity, and Revised Taxonomy of Burkholderia Sensu Lato
Alex J. Mullins, Eshwar Mahenthiralingam
Frontiers in Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The history and distribution of nodulating Paraburkholderia, a potential inoculum for Fynbos forage species
Chrizelle W. Beukes, Stephanus N. Venter, Emma T. Steenkamp
Grass and Forage Science.2021; 76(1): 10. CrossRef
International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Rhizobia and Agrobacteria Minutes of the closed meeting by videoconference, 17 July 2019
Philippe de Lajudie, J. Peter W. Young
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2020; 70(5): 3563. CrossRef
Spontaneous formation and mechanism of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria in swine wastewater treatment system
Zhenzhong Pan, Ruizhi Dai, Jingsong Liao, Jih-Gaw Lin, Yiguo Hong, Jiayin Ling, Yanbin Xu, Yuxin Li, Jiaen Peng
International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation.2020; 154: 105058. CrossRef
A newly isolated Bacillus siamensis SB1001 for mass production of poly-γ-glutamic acid
Dexin Wang, Jin-Su Hwang, Dong-Ho Kim, Sungbeom Lee, Dae-Hyuk Kim, Min-Ho Joe
Process Biochemistry.2020; 92: 164. CrossRef

Burkholderia alba sp. nov., isolated from a soil sample on Halla mountain in Jeju island: Jae-Won Lee , Ye-Eun Kim , Soo-Je Park; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(5):312-316. Published online May 2, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8034-2

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Abstract

A rod-shaped, round and white colony-forming strain AD18T was isolated from the soil on Halla mountain in Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that this strain was closely related to Burkholderia oklahomensis C6786T (98.8%), Burkholderia thailandensis KCTC 23190T (98.5%). DNA-DNA relatedness (14.6%) indicated that the strain AD18T represents a distinct species that is separate from B. oklahomensis C6786T. The isolate grew at pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 0–3% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%), and temperature 10–40°C (optimum 35°C). The sole quinone of the strain was Q-8, and the predominant fatty acids were C16:0, C17:0 cyclo, and C19:0 cyclo ω8c. The genomic DNA G + C content of AD18T was 65.6 mol%. Based on these findings, strain AD18T is proposed to be a novel species in the genus Burkholderia, for which the name Burkholderia alba sp. nov. is proposed (= KCCM 43268T = JCM 32403T). The type strain is AD18T.

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Potential of Novel Sequence Type of Burkholderia cenocepacia for Biological Control of Root Rot of Maize (Zea mays L.) Caused by Fusarium temperatum
Setu Bazie Tagele, Sang Woo Kim, Hyun Gu Lee, Youn Su Lee
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2019; 20(5): 1005. CrossRef

Mutation of the cyclic di-GMP phosphodiesterase gene in Burkholderia lata SK875 attenuates virulence and enhances biofilm formation: Hae-In Jung , Yun-Jung Kim , Yun-Jung Lee , Hee-Soo Lee , Jung-Kee Lee , Soo-Ki Kim; J. Microbiol. 2017;55(10):800-808. Published online September 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-7374-7

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Abstract

Burkholderia sp. is a gram-negative bacterium that commonly exists in the environment, and can cause diseases in plants, animals, and humans. Here, a transposon mutant library of a Burkholderia lata isolate from a pig with swine respiratory disease in Korea was screened for strains showing attenuated virulence in Caenorhabditis elegans. One such mutant was obtained, and the Tn5 insertion junction was mapped to rpfR, a gene encoding a cyclic di-GMP phosphodiesterase that functions as a receptor. Mutation of rpfR caused a reduction in growth on CPG agar and swimming motility as well as a rough colony morphology on Congo red agar. TLC analysis showed reduced AHL secretion, which was in agreement with the results from plate-based and bioluminescence assays. The mutant strain produced significantly more biofilm detected by crystal violet staining than the parent strain. SEM of the mutant strain clearly showed that the overproduced biofilm contained a filamentous structure. These results suggest that the cyclic di-GMP phosphodiesterase RpfR plays an important role in quorum sensing modulation of the bacterial virulence and biofilm formation.

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Biocontrol of bacterial wilt disease in tomato using Bacillus subtilis strain R31
Yunhao Sun, Yutong Su, Zhen Meng, Jie Zhang, Li Zheng, Shuang Miao, Di Qin, Yulan Ruan, Yanhui Wu, Lina Xiong, Xun Yan, Zhangyong Dong, Ping Cheng, Mingwei Shao, Guohui Yu
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Comprehensive genome analysis of Burkholderia contaminans SK875, a quorum-sensing strain isolated from the swine
Eiseul Kim, Hae-In Jung, Si Hong Park, Hae-Yeong Kim, Soo-Ki Kim
AMB Express.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative genomics and transcriptomic response to root exudates of six rice root-associated Burkholderia sensu lato species
Adrian Wallner, Agnieszka Klonowska, Ludivine Guigard, Eoghan King, Isabelle Rimbault, Eddy Ngonkeu, Phuong Nguyen, Gilles Béna, Lionel Moulin
Peer Community Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The cis -2-Dodecenoic Acid (BDSF) Quorum Sensing System in Burkholderia cenocepacia
Mingfang Wang, Xia Li, Shihao Song, Chaoyu Cui, Lian-Hui Zhang, Yinyue Deng, Gladys Alexandre
Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A c-di-GMP Signaling Cascade Controls Motility, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence in Burkholderia thailandensis
Zhuo Wang, Xiaorong Xie, Daohan Shang, Laigong Xie, Yueyue Hua, Li Song, Yantao Yang, Yao Wang, Xihui Shen, Lei Zhang, Gladys Alexandre
Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Methodological tools to study species of the genus Burkholderia
Viola Camilla Scoffone, Gabriele Trespidi, Giulia Barbieri, Samuele Irudal, Aygun Israyilova, Silvia Buroni
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2021; 105(24): 9019. CrossRef
Complete Genome Sequence of Burkholderia contaminans SK875, Isolated from the Respiratory Tract of a Pig in the Republic of Korea
Hae-In Jung, Sang-Won Lee, Soo-Ki Kim, Irene L. G. Newton
Microbiology Resource Announcements.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Key Players and Individualists of Cyclic-di-GMP Signaling in Burkholderia cenocepacia
Anja M. Richter, Mustafa Fazli, Nadine Schmid, Rebecca Shilling, Angela Suppiger, Michael Givskov, Leo Eberl, Tim Tolker-Nielsen
Frontiers in Microbiology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
In silico comparative analysis of GGDEF and EAL domain signaling proteins from the Azospirillum genomes
Alberto Ramírez Mata, César Millán Pacheco, José F. Cruz Pérez, Martha Minjárez Sáenz, Beatriz E. Baca
BMC Microbiology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

Comparative and bioinformatics analyses of pathogenic bacterial secretomes identified by mass spectrometry in Burkholderia species: Thao Thi Nguyen , Tae-Soo Chon , Jaehan Kim , Young-Su Seo , Muyoung Heo; J. Microbiol. 2017;55(7):568-582. Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-7085-0

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Abstract

Secreted proteins (secretomes) play crucial roles during bacterial pathogenesis in both plant and human hosts. The identification and characterization of secretomes in the two plant pathogens Burkholderia glumae BGR1 and B. gladioli BSR3, which cause diseases in rice such as seedling blight, panicle blight, and grain rot, are important steps to not only understand the disease-causing mechanisms but also find remedies for the diseases. Here, we identified two datasets of secretomes in B. glumae BGR1 and B. gladioli BSR3, which consist of 118 and 111 proteins, respectively, using mass spectrometry approach and literature curation. Next, we characterized the functional properties, potential secretion pathways and sequence information properties of secretomes of two plant pathogens in a comparative analysis by various computational approaches. The ratio of potential non-classically secreted proteins (NCSPs) to classically secreted proteins (CSPs) in B. glumae BGR1 was greater than that in B. gladioli BSR3. For CSPs, the putative hydrophobic regions (PHRs) which are essential for secretion process of CSPs were screened in detail at their N-terminal sequences using hidden Markov model (HMM) – based method. Total 31 pairs of homologous proteins in two bacterial secretomes were indicated based on the global alignment (identity ≥ 70%). Our results may facilitate the understanding of the species-specific features of secretomes in two plant pathogenic Burkholderia species.

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Proteomics approaches: A review regarding an importance of proteome analyses in understanding the pathogens and diseases
Muhammad Zubair, Jia Wang, Yanfei Yu, Muhammad Faisal, Mingpu Qi, Abid Ullah Shah, Zhixin Feng, Guoqing Shao, Yu Wang, Qiyan Xiong
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Characterisation of Pythium aristosporum Oomycete—A Novel Pathogen Causing Rice Seedling Blight in China
Jinxin Liu, Ruisi Zhang, Chuzhen Xu, Chunlai Liu, Yanyan Zheng, Xue Zhang, Shasha Liu, Yonggang Li
Journal of Fungi.2022; 8(9): 890. CrossRef
Bacterial Panicle Blight and Burkholderia glumae: From Pathogen Biology to Disease Control
Laura Ortega, Clemencia M. Rojas
Phytopathology®.2021; 111(5): 772. CrossRef

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NOTE] Comparative Assessment of the Intracellular Survival of the Burkholderia pseudomallei bopC Mutant: Varintip Srinon , Sunsiree Muangman , Nithima Imyaem , Veerachat Muangsombut , Natalie R. Lazar Adler , Edouard E. Galyov , Sunee Korbsrisate; J. Microbiol. 2013;51(4):522-526. Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-2557-3

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Abstract: Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a Gram-negative saprophytic bacterium capable of surviving within phagocytic cells. To assess the role of BopC (a type III secreted effector protein) in the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei, a B. pseudomallei bopC mutant was used to infect J774A.1 macrophage-like cells. The bopC mutant showed significantly reduced intracellular survival in infected macrophages compared to wild-type B. pseudomallei. In addition, the bopC mutant displayed delayed escape from endocytic vesicles compared with the wild-type strain. This indicates that BopC is important, and at least in part, needed for intracellular survival of B. pseudomallei.

Expression and Characterization of an Iron-Containing Superoxide Dismutase from Burkholderia pseudomallei: Min-Hee Cho , Yong-Woo Shin , Jeong-Hoon Chun , Kee-Jong Hong , Byoung-Kuk Na , Gi-eun Rhie , Baik-Lin Seong , Cheon-Kwon Yoo; J. Microbiol. 2012;50(6):1029-1033. Published online December 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2267-2

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Abstract: A superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene from Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and its product was functionally and physically characterized. The gene has an open-reading frame of 579 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence has 192 residues with a calculated molecular mass of ~22 kDa. Sequence comparison with other bacterial SODs showed that the protein contains typical metal-binding motifs and other Fe-SOD-conserved residues. The sequence has substantial similarity with other bacterial Fe-SOD sequences. The enzymatic activity of the expressed protein was inhibited by hydrogen peroxide but not by sodium azide or potassium cyanide, attributes that indeed are characteristic of typical bacterial Fe-SODs. Western blotting with antiserum against the recombinant Fe-SOD revealed that it is expressed in B. pseudomallei. Transformed E. coli that expressed the Fe-SOD had significantly increased SOD activity and was highly tolerant to paraquat-mediated replication inhibition, compared to transformed cells carrying an empty vector. Our results provide a basis for further biochemical characterization of the enzyme and elucidation of its role in the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei.

NOTE] Burkholderia denitrificans sp. nov., Isolated from the Soil of Dokdo Island, Korea: Chang-Muk Lee Lee , Hang-Yeon Weon , Sang-Hong Yoon , Soo-Jin Kim , Bon-Sung Koo , Soon-Wo Kwon; J. Microbiol. 2012;50(5):855-859. Published online November 4, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-1554-2

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Abstract: A novel, Gram-negative, bacterial strain KIS30-44T was identified from wet forest soil collected on the Korean island of Dokdo. Growth of the strain was observed at 15–30°C, pH 5−9, 0–3% NaCl, and 950 mM KNO3. KIS30-44T reduced nitrate to nitrogen gas. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that KIS30-44T was phylogenetically related to Burkholderia sacchari, Burkholderia mimosarum, and Burkholderia oxyphila (98.1%, 98.0%, and 98.0% sequence similarity, respectively). The genomic G+C content was 63.5 mol%. KIS30-44T exhibited less than 52% DNA-DNA relatedness with the type strains of 9 closely related Burkholderia species. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown aminolipids. The major fatty acids in KIS30-44T were C16:0, C18:1 ω7c and summed feature 3 (iso-C15:0 2-OH and C16:1 ω7c), and the strain contained half the amount of C17:0 cyclo found in the 9 closely related Burkholderia species. The results of these phenotypic, 16S rRNA gene sequence, DNA-DNA hybridization, and chemotaxonomic data indicate that KIS30-44T represents a novel species within the genus Burkholderia, for which the name Burkholderia denitrificans (Type strain KIS30-44T =KACC 12733T =DSM 24336T) is proposed.

Identification, Origin, and Evolution of Leaf Nodulating Symbionts of Sericanthe (Rubiaceae): Benny Lemaire , Elmar Robbrecht , Braam van Wyk , Sandra Van Oevelen , Brecht Verstraete , Els Prinsen , Erik Smets , Steven Dessein; J. Microbiol. 2011;49(6):935-941. Published online December 28, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1163-5

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Abstract: Bacterial leaf symbiosis is an intimate association between bacteria and plants in which endosymbionts are housed within leaf nodules. This phenomenon has been reported in three genera of Rubiaceae (Pavetta, Psychotria, and Sericanthe), but the bacterial partner has only been identified in Psychotria and Pavetta. Here we report the identification of symbiotic bacteria in two leaf nodulating Sericanthe species. Using 16S rRNA data and common housekeeping genetic markers (recA and gyrB) we studied the phylogenetic relationships of bacterial endosymbionts in Rubiaceae. Endosymbionts of leaf nodulating Rubiaceae were found to be closely related and were placed as a monophyletic group within the genus Burkholderia (β-Proteobacteria). The phylogenetic analyses revealed a pattern of strict host specificity and placed the two investigated endosymbionts at two distinct positions in the topology of the tree, suggesting at least two different evolutionary origins. The degree of sequence divergence between the Sericanthe endosymbionts and their relatives was large enough to propose the Sericanthe endosymbionts as new species (‘Candidatus Burkholderia andongensis’ and ‘Candidatus Burkholderia petitii’). In a second part of this study, the pylogenetic relationships among nodulating and non-nodulating Sericanthe species were investigated using sequence data from six chloroplast regions (rps16, trnG, trnL-trnF, petD, petA-psbJ, and atpI-atpH). Overall, genetic variation among the plastid markers was insufficient to enable phylogenetic estimation. However, our results could not rule out the possibility that bacterial leaf symbiosis originated once in a common ancestor of the Sericanthe species.

Cupriavidus and Burkholderia Species Associated with Agricultural Plants that Grow in Alkaline Soils: Paulina Estrada-de los Santos , Nora Belinda Vacaseydel-Aceves , Lourdes Martínez-Aguilar , María Antonia Cruz-Hernández , Alberto Mendoza-Herrera , Jesús Caballero-Mellado; J. Microbiol. 2011;49(6):867-876. Published online December 28, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1127-9

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Abstract: The presence of Burkholderia, Cupriavidus, and Ralstonia species in northeastern Mexico was investigated. An analysis of the root surrounding soil from different agricultural plants led to the isolation of Burkholderia and Cupriavidus species but no Ralstonia strains. Most Cupriavidus species were unknown and grouped into two clusters according to ARDRA profiles. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that the Cupriavidus isolates were highly related among them and with different Cupriavidus species with validated names. However, SDS-PAGE profiles were distinct among the different ARDRA profiles and to other Cupriavidus species examined, suggesting new species in the genus. This shows that Cupriavidus is more widely associated with plants than previously appreciated. The BCC isolate was 99% similar to B. cenocepacia by recA sequence analysis. Additionally, most Cupriavidus strains from the two largest groups grew on media containing up to 0.1 mg/ml of copper, 10.0 mg/ml arsenic and 1.0 mg/ml zinc. Burkholderia strains grew on media containing up to 10.0 mg/ml zinc, 5.0 mg/ml arsenic and 0.1 mg/ml copper.

NOTE] Diversity Analysis of Burkholderia cepacia Complex in the Water Bodies of West Lake, Hangzhou, China: Yuan Fang , Guan-lin Xie , Miao-miao Lou , Bin Li , Ibrahim Muhammad; J. Microbiol. 2011;49(2):309-314. Published online May 3, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0267-2

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Abstract: A survey of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) species was conducted in water bodies of West Lake in China. A total of 670 bacterial isolates were recovered on selective media. Out of them, 39.6% (265 isolates) were assigned to the following species: Burkholderia multivorans, Burkholderia cenocepacia recA lineage IIIA,
IIIB, Burkholderia stabilis, Burkholderia vietnamiensis, and Burkholderia seminalis while B. cenocepacia is documented as a dominant Bcc species in water of West Lake. In addition, all Bcc isolates tested were PCR negative for the cblA and esmR transmissibility marker genes except B. cenocepacia IIIB A8 which was positive for esmR genelater. The present study raises great concerns on the role of West Lake as a “reservoir” for potential Bcc pathogenic strains.

NOTE] Biosynthesis of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) Copolyesters with a High Molar Fraction of 3-Hydroxyvalerate by an Insect-Symbiotic Burkholderia sp. IS-01: Do Young Kim , Doo-Sang Park , Soon Bum Kwon , Moon Gyu Chung , Kyung Sook Bae , Ho-Yong Park , Young Ha Rhee; J. Microbiol. 2009;47(5):651-656. Published online October 24, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-009-0109-7

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Abstract: Burkholderia sp. IS-01 capable of biosynthesizing poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [poly(3HB- co-3HV)] copolyesters with a high molar fraction of 3HV was isolated from the gut of the adult longicorn beetle, Moechotypa diphysis. The strain IS-01 was relatively tolerant to high concentrations of levulinic acid and accumulated a poly(13.5 mol% 3HB-co-86.5 mol% 3HV) copolyester when cultivated on a mixture of gluconate (20 g/L) and levulinic acid (12.5 g/L). In this case, the content of the copolyester in the cells was approximately 60.0%. The compositions of the copolyesters were easily regulated by altering the molar ratio of gluconate and levulinic acid in the medium. The organism was found to possess a class I PHA synthase (PhaC) gene (1,881 bp) that encodes a protein with a deduced molecular mass of 68,538 Da that consists of 626 amino acids. The PhaC of this organism was most similar to that of B. cenocepacia PC184 (92% similarity).

Burkholderia sp. KCTC 11096BP as a Newly Isolated Gibberellin Producing Bacterium: Gil-Jae Joo , Sang-Mo Kang , Muhammad Hamayun , Sang-Kuk Kim , Chae-In Na , Dong-Hyun Shin , In-Jung Lee; J. Microbiol. 2009;47(2):167-171. Published online May 2, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0273-1

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Abstract: We isolated 864 bacteria from 553 soil samples and bioassayed them on cucumber and crown daisy for plant growth promotion. A new bacterial strain, Burkholderia sp. KCTC 11096BP gave maximum growth promotion and was selected for further investigations. The culture filtrate of this bacterium was thus analyzed for the presence of gibberellins and we found physiologically active gibberellins were found (GA1, 0.23 ng/100 ml; GA3, 5.11 ng/100 ml and GA4, 2.65 ng/100 ml) along with physiologically inactive GA9, GA12, GA15, GA20, and GA24. The bacterial isolate also solubilised tricalcium phosphate and lowered the pH of the medium during the process. The isolate was identified as a new strain of Burkholderia through phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequence. Gibberellin production capacity of genus Burkholderia is reported for the first time in current study.

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