Pure cultivation of microbes is still limited by the challenges of microbial uncultivability, with most microbial strains
unable to be cultivated under standard laboratory conditions. The experience accumulated from advanced techniques such
as in situ cultivation has identified that microbial interactions exist in natural habitats but are absent in laboratory cultures.
These microbial interactions are likely one of the key factors in isolating previously uncultured microbes. The need for better
knowledge of the mechanisms operating in microbial interactions has led to various experiments that have utilized microbial
interactions in different approaches to microbial cultivation. These new attempts to understand microbial interactions not
only present a new perspective on microbial uncultivability but also provide an opportunity to access uncultured phylogenetically
novel microbes with their potential biotechnology applications. In this review, we focus on studies of the mechanisms
of microbial interaction where the growth of other microbes is affected. Additionally, we review some successful applications
of microbial interactions in cultivation methods, an approach that can play an important role in the bioprospecting of
untapped microbial resources.
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