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- Enhancing Seed Germination of Cremastra appendiculata: Screening and Identification of Four New Symbiotic Fungi in the Psathyrellaceae Family.
- Zhangneng Pan, Jing Wang, Shanshan He, Haiyang Zhao, Xinyue Dong, Tao Feng, Yanyan Meng, Xiaojun Li
- J. Microbiol. 2024;62(8):671-682. Published online June 28, 2024
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00148-7
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Abstract
- Several coprinoid fungi have been identified as promotors of Cremastra appendiculata seed germination, while others appear ineffective. This study aimed to discern which genera within the Psathyrellaceae family exhibit this capability and to identify the most effective coprinoid fungi for the cultivation of C. appendiculata. We collected 21 coprinoid fungi from diverse sources and symbiotically cultured them with C. appendiculata seeds. 9 fungi were found to induce seed germination and support seed development, specifically within the genera Coprinellus, Tulosesus, and Candolleomyces. In contrast, fungi that failed to promote germination predominantly belonged to the genera Coprinopsis and Parasola. Notably, four fungi-Coprinellus xanthothrix, Coprinellus pseudodisseminatus, Psathyrella singeri, and Psathyrella candolleana-were documented for the first time as capable of enhancing C. appendiculata seed germination. Strain 218LXJ-10, identified as Coprinellus radians, demonstrated the most significant effect and has been implemented in large-scale production, underscoring its considerable practical value. These findings contribute vital scientific insights for the conservation and sustainable use of C. appendiculata resources.
- DNA vaccine dual-expressing viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus glycoprotein and C-C motif chemokine ligand 19 induces the expression of immune-related genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
- Jin-Young Kim , Hyoung Jun Kim , Jeong Su Park , Se Ryun Kwon
- J. Microbiol. 2022;60(10):1032-1038. Published online August 1, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2231-8
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- 3 Citations
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Abstract
- Glycoprotein (G protein)-based DNA vaccines are effective in protecting aquaculture fish from rhabdoviruses but the degree of immune response they elicit depends on plasmid concentration and antigen cassette. Here, we developed a DNA vaccine using the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus G (VG) gene and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19)a.2 regulated by the CMV promoter as the molecular adjuvant. After transfection of the prepared plasmid (pVG + CCL19) into epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells, mRNA expression was confirmed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The vaccine was intramuscularly injected into zebrafish (Danio rerio), and 28 days after immunization, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (105 TCID50/10 μl/fish) was intraperitoneally injected. A survival rate of 68% was observed in the pVG + CCL19 group but this was not significantly different from the survival rate of fish treated with pVG alone, that is, without the adjuvant. However, the expression of interferonand cytokine-related genes in the spleen and kidney tissues of zebrafish was significantly increased (p < 0.05) on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after immunization. Thus, CCL19a.2 induced an initial immune response as a molecular adjuvant, which may provide initial protection against virus infection before vaccination- induced antibody formation. This study provides insights on the functions of CCL19a.2 adjuvant in DNA vaccines.
- Extracellular products-mediated interspecific interaction between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli
- Yang Yuan , Jing Li , Jiafu Lin , Wenjuan Pan , Yiwen Chu , Balakrishnan Prithiviraj , Yidong Guo , Xinrong Wang , Kelei Zhao
- J. Microbiol. 2021;59(1):29-40. Published online December 23, 2020
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0478-0
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- 4 Citations
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Abstract
- The Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa adopts several elaborate strategies to colonize a wide range of natural or clinical niches and to overcome the neighboring bacterial competitors in polymicrobial communities. However, the relationship and interaction mechanism of P. aeruginosa with other bacterial pathogens remains largely unexplored. Here we explore the interaction dynamics of P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, which frequently coinfect the lungs of immunocompromised hosts, by using a series of on-plate proximity assays and RNA-sequencing. We show that the extracellular products of P. aeruginosa can inhibit the growth of neighboring E. coli and induce a large-scale of transcriptional reprogramming of E. coli, especially in terms of cellular respiration- related primary metabolisms and membrane components. In contrast, the presence of E. coli has no significant effect on the growth of P. aeruginosa in short-term culture, but causes a dysregulated expression of genes positively controlled by the quorum-sensing (QS) system of P. aeruginosa during subsequent pairwise culture. We further demonstrate that the divergent QS-regulation of P. aeruginosa may be related to the function of the transcriptional regulator PqsR, which can be enhanced by E. coli culture supernatant to increase the pyocyanin production by P. aeruginosa in the absence of the central las-QS system. Moreover, the extracellular products of E. coli promote the proliferation and lethality of P. aeruginosa in infecting the Caenorhabditis elegans model. The current study provides a general characterization of the extracellular products-mediated interactions between P. aeruginosa and E. coli, and may facilitate the understanding of polymicrobial infections.
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