Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

Propionate, together with triple antibiotics, inhibits the growth of Enterococci: Soyoung Jeong , Yunjae Lee , Cheol-Heui Yun , Ok-Jin Park , Seung Hyun Han; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(11):1019-1024. Published online October 28, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9434-7

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Abstract: Enterococci are Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacteria that colonize the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Enterococcal infections, mainly caused by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, include apical periodontitis, endocarditis, and bloodstream infections. Recently, vancomycinresistant Enterococci are considered major pathogens that are common but difficult to treat, especially in nosocomial settings. Moreover, E. faecalis is closely associated with recurrent endodontic infections and failed endodontic treatment. In this study, we investigated the effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which are metabolites fermented by gut microbiota, on the growth of Enterococci. Enterococci were cultured in the presence or absence of acetate, propionate, or butyrate, and the optical density at 600 nm was measured to determine bacterial growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration/minimum bactericidal concentration test was conducted. Bacteria were treated with a SCFA, together with clinically used endodontic treatment methods such as triple antibiotics (metronidazole, minocycline, and ciprofloxacin) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) to determine the effects of combination treatment. Of the SCFAs, propionate had a bacteriostatic effect, inhibiting the growth of E. faecalis in a dose-dependent manner and also that of clinical strains of E. faecalis isolated from dental plaques. Meanwhile, acetate and butyrate had minimal effects on E. faecalis growth. Moreover, propionate inhibited the growth of other Enterococci including E. faecium. In addition, combination treatment of propionate and triple antibiotics led to further growth inhibition, whereas no cooperative effect was observed at propionate plus CHX. These results indicate that propionate attenuates the growth of Enterococci, suggesting propionate as a potential agent to control Enterococcal infections, especially when combined with triple antibiotics.

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

NOTE] Copper Resistance and Its Relationship to Erythromycin Resistance in Enterococcus Isolates from Bovine Milk Samples in Korea: JiHoon Kim , SangJin Lee , SungSook Choi; J. Microbiol. 2012;50(3):540-543. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-1579-6

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Abstract: Antibiotic resistance in animal isolates of enterococci is a public health concern, because of the risk of transmission of antibiotic-resistant strains or resistance genes to humans through the food chain. This study investigated copper resistance and its relationship with erythromycin resistance in 245 enterococcal isolates from bovine milk. Phenotypic and genotypic resistance to erythromycin and copper sulfate were investigated. Of the 245 enterococcal isolates, 79.2% (n=194) displayed erythromycin resistance (≥8 μg/ml). Of the erythromycin-resistant isolates, 97.4% (n=189) possessed erm(B), 73.7% (n=143) possessed mef(A), and 71.6% (n=139) possessed both genes. Of the 245 enterococcal isolates, only 4.5% (n=11) displayed copper resistance (≥28 mM) and the copper resistance gene, tcr(B), was detected in seven isolates that all possessed erm(B). This study is the first to report the tcr(B) gene in enterococci isolated from Korean bovine milk and its relationship to erythromycin resistance.

Published Erratum

Erratum] The transcription factor Cas5 suppresses hyphal morphogenesis during yeast-form growth in Candida albicans: Jong-Myeong Kim , Hye Yun Moon , Dong Wook Lee , Hyun Ah Kang , Jeong-Yoon Kim; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(11):1063-1063.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0326-2

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Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Chicken Intestines and Fecal Samples from Healthy Young Children and Intensive Care Unit Patients: Shin Moo Kim , Eun Sook Shim , Chi Nam Seong; J. Microbiol. 2001;39(2):116-120.

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Abstract: The prevalence, resistance genotype and antibiotic susceptibility of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were determined. Prevalence of VRE in chickens, healthy children and intensive care unit (ICU) patients was 43.0%, 12.7% and 24.1%, respectively. Forty out of 56 isolates from chicken intestines were identified as Enterococcus faecium, and 12 were E. faecalis. All the isolates contained the vanA gene. Nine out of 13 VRE isolates from patients and two out of 21 from healthy young children were identified as E. faecium. The resistance types of E. faecium, E. gallinarium and E. casseliflavus were VanA, VanC1, and VanC2, respectively. The mimimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of E. faecium, E. gallinarium, and E. casseliflavus to vancomycin were 512, 8 and 4 g/ml, respectively. Specifically, E. faecium isolates were resistant to most of antibiotics except ampicillin and gentamicin. This is the first report of high VanA type VRE prevalence in nonhospitalized young children in Korea.

Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci from Raw Milk: Sung-Sook Choi , Bong-Su Kim , Nam-Joo Ha; J. Microbiol. 2002;40(2):170-172.

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Abstract: To determine the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci in a raw milk sample, raw milk samples were examined for a period of 6 months. Enterococci were isolated directly from Enterococcal selective agar plates supplemented with 2 mg of vancomycin per liter. Nineteen strains were selected and identified by applying the Vitek system. To determine resistance patterns, 19 isolates were tested with vancomycin and teicoplanin. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci were genotyped by using a PCR analysis and 5 out of 19 isolates were of the VanC type.

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