Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

FgVAC1 is an Essential Gene Required for Golgi-to-Vacuole Transport and Fungal Development in Fusarium graminearum: Sieun Kim, Jiyeun Park, You-Kyoung Han, Hokyoung Son; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(8):649-660. Published online July 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00160-x

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Abstract: Fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen that causes head blight in cereal crops such as wheat, barley, and rice worldwide. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized FgVAC1, an essential gene in F. graminearum that encodes a Rab5 effector involved in membrane tethering functions. The essentiality of FgVAC1 was confirmed through a conditional promoter replacement strategy using the zearalenone-inducible promoter (P_ZEAR). Cytological analyses revealed that FgVac1 colocalizes with FgRab51 on early endosomes and regulates the proper transport of the vacuolar hydrolase FgCpy1 to the vacuole. Suppression of FgVAC1 led to inhibited vegetative growth, reduced asexual and sexual reproduction, decreased deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis, and diminished pathogenicity. Our findings highlight the significant role of FgVac1 in vacuolar protein sorting, fungal development, and plant infection in F. graminearum.

Rasiella rasia gen. nov. sp. nov. within the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from seawater recirculating aquaculture system: Seong-Jin Kim , Young-Sam Kim , Sang-Eon Kim , Hyun-Kyoung Jung , Jeeeun Park , Min-Ju Yu , Kyoung-Ho Kim; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(11):1070-1076. Published online October 17, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2099-7

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A novel bacterium designated RR4-40T was isolated from a biofilter of seawater recirculating aquaculture system in Busan, South Korea. Cells are strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, irregular short rod, non-motile, and oxidase- and catalase-negative. Growth was observed at 15–30°C, 0.5–6% NaCl (w/v), and pH 5.0–9.5. The strain grew optimally at 28°C, 3% salinity (w/v), and pH 8.5. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain RR4-40T was most closely related to Marinirhabdus gelatinilytica NH83T (94.16% of 16S rRNA gene similarity) and formed a cluster with genera within the family Flavobacteriaceae. The values of the average nucleotide identity (ANI), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), and average amino acid identity (AAI) between genomes of strain RR4-40T and M. gelatinilytica NH83T were 72.91, 18.2, and 76.84%, respectively, and the values against the strains in the other genera were lower than those. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 (31.34%), iso-C17:0 3-OH (13.65%), iso-C16:0 3-OH (10.61%), and iso-C15:1 G (10.38%). The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid, aminolipid, glycolipid, and sphingolipid. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and the DNA G + C content of strain RR4-40T was 37.4 mol%. According to the polyphasic analysis, strain RR4-40T is considered to represent a novel genus within the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Rasiella rasia gen. nov, sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RR4-40T (= KCTC 52650T = MCCC 1K04210T).

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Rhodobacteraceae are Prevalent and Ecologically Crucial Bacterial Members in Marine Biofloc Aquaculture
Meora Rajeev, Jang-Cheon Cho
Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(11): 985. CrossRef
Validation List no. 215. Valid publication of new names and new combinations effectively published outside the IJSEM
Aharon Oren, Markus Göker
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2024;[Epub] CrossRef

FgIlv3a is crucial in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis, vegetative differentiation, and virulence in Fusarium graminearum: Xin Liu , Yichen Jiang , Yinghui Zhang , Mingzheng Yu , Hongjun Jiang , Jianhong Xu , Jianrong Shi; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(8):694-703. Published online May 11, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9123-6

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Abstract

Dihydroxyacid dehydratase (DHAD), encoded by ILV3, catalyses the third step in the biosynthetic pathway of branchedchain amino acids (BCAAs), which include isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), and valine (Val). Enzymes involved in BCAA biosynthesis exist in bacteria, plants, and fungi but not in mammals and are therefore attractive targets for antimicrobial or herbicide development. In this study, three paralogous ILV3 genes (FgILV3A, FgILV3B, and FgILV3C) were identified in the genome of Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB). Deletion of FgILV3A alone or combined with FgILV3B or FgILV3C indicated an important role for FgILV3A in BCAA biosynthesis. FgILV3A deletion mutants lost the ability to grow on medium lacking amino acids. Exogenous supplementation of 1 mM Ile and Val rescued the auxotrophy of ΔFgIlv3A, though 5 mM was required to recover the growth defects in ΔFgIlv3AB and ΔFgIlv3AC strains, indicating that FgIlv3b and FgIlv3c exhibit redundant but accessory roles with FgIlv3a in BCAA biosynthesis. The auxotrophy of ΔFgIlv3A resulted in pleiotropic defects in aerial hyphal growth, in conidial formation and germination, and in aurofusarin accumulation. In addition, the mutants showed reduced virulence and deoxynivalenol production. Overall, our study demonstrates that FgIlv3a is crucial for BCAA biosynthesis in F. graminearum and a candidate fungicide target for FHB management.

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AflaILVB/G/I and AflaILVD are involved in mycelial production, aflatoxin biosynthesis, and fungal virulence in Aspergillus flavus
Yarong Zhao, Chulan Huang, Rui Zeng, Peirong Chen, Kaihang Xu, Xiaomei Huang, Xu Wang
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Histone H3 N-Terminal Lysine Acetylation Governs Fungal Growth, Conidiation, and Pathogenicity through Regulating Gene Expression in Fusarium pseudograminearum
Hang Jiang, Lifang Yuan, Liguo Ma, Kai Qi, Yueli Zhang, Bo Zhang, Guoping Ma, Junshan Qi
Journal of Fungi.2024; 10(6): 379. CrossRef
Identification and Characterization of an Antifungal Gene Mt1 from Bacillus subtilis by Affecting Amino Acid Metabolism in Fusarium graminearum
Pei Song, Wubei Dong
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(10): 8857. CrossRef
Branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis in fungi
Gary Jones, Jane Usher, Joel T. Steyer, Richard B. Todd
Essays in Biochemistry.2023; 67(5): 865. CrossRef
FgLEU1 Is Involved in Leucine Biosynthesis, Sexual Reproduction, and Full Virulence in Fusarium graminearum
Shaohua Sun, Mingyu Wang, Chunjie Liu, Yilin Tao, Tian Wang, Yuancun Liang, Li Zhang, Jinfeng Yu
Journal of Fungi.2022; 8(10): 1090. CrossRef
Acetolactate synthases regulatory subunit and catalytic subunit genes VdILVs are involved in BCAA biosynthesis, microscletotial and conidial formation and virulence in Verticillium dahliae
ShengNan Shao, Biao Li, Qi Sun, PeiRu Guo, YeJuan Du, JiaFeng Huang
Fungal Genetics and Biology.2022; 159: 103667. CrossRef
Molecular targets for antifungals in amino acid and protein biosynthetic pathways
Aleksandra Kuplińska, Kamila Rząd
Amino Acids.2021; 53(7): 961. CrossRef
MoCpa1-mediated arginine biosynthesis is crucial for fungal growth, conidiation, and plant infection of Magnaporthe oryzae
Osakina Aron, Min Wang, Anjago Wilfred Mabeche, Batool Wajjiha, Meiqin Li, Shuai Yang, Haixia You, Yan Cai, Tian Zhang, Yunxi Li, Baohua Wang, Dongmei Zhang, Zonghua Wang, Wei Tang
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2021; 105(14-15): 5915. CrossRef
Metabolic, structural, and proteomic changes in Candida albicans cells induced by the protein-carbohydrate fraction of Dendrobaena veneta coelomic fluid
Marta J. Fiołka, Paulina Czaplewska, Sylwia Wójcik-Mieszawska, Aleksandra Lewandowska, Kinga Lewtak, Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel, Tomasz Buchwald
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2) is associated with conidiation, mycelial growth, and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum
Tao Gao, Dan He, Xin Liu, Fang Ji, Jianhong Xu, Jianrong Shi
Food Production, Processing and Nutrition.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The Intermediates in Branched-Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis Are Indispensable for Conidial Germination of the Insect-Pathogenic Fungus Metarhizium robertsii
Feifei Luo, Hongxia Zhou, Xue Zhou, Xiangyun Xie, You Li, Fenglin Hu, Bo Huang, Karyn N. Johnson
Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

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Multiple roles of a putative vacuolar protein sorting associated protein 74, FgVPS74, in the cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum: Hee-Kyoung Kim , Ki Woo Kim , Sung-Hwan Yun; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(4):243-249. Published online April 8, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5067-7

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Abstract

Fusarium graminearum, a member of the F. graminearum species complex, is a filamentous ascomycetous group that causes serious diseases in cereal crops. A screen of insertional mutants of F. graminearum, generated using a restriction enzyme-mediated integration method, identified a mutant designated R7048 showing pleiotropic phenotypes in several mycological traits. The vector insertion site in the R7048 genome was identified as the KpnI site within an ORF annotated as FGSG_06346 (designated FgVPS74), which showed similarity to vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 74 in the baker yeast. Both targeted gene deletion and complementation analyses confirmed that FgVPS74 was involved in hyphal growth, conidiation, sexual development, mycotoxin production, and virulence towards host plants in F. graminearum. Electron microscopy analysis revealed no significant changes in morphology of the vacuole or other organelles, but a greater number of mitochondria were produced in the ΔFgVPS74 strain compared to the wild-type progenitor. Expression of a GFP-tagged FgVPS74 construct under its native promoter in the ΔFgVPS74 strain exhibited localization of GFP signal to putative vesicle structures, but not to the vacuolar membrane. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that a functional vacuolar protein-sorting pathway mediated by FgVPS74 is crucial for fungal growth and development in F. graminearum.

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Multi-omics lights on the toxicological effects of Cr contamination on Penicillium janthinellum P1
Qiuquan Chen, Binbin Chi, Huiying Chen, Xia Li, Bixia Xiong, Quan Guo, F. Song, Q. Chen, M. Anpo
E3S Web of Conferences.2024; 561: 03011. CrossRef
Expanding the Biological Role of Lipo-Chitooligosaccharides and Chitooligosaccharides in Laccaria bicolor Growth and Development
Manuel I. Villalobos Solis, Nancy L. Engle, Margaret K. Spangler, Sylvain Cottaz, Sébastien Fort, Junko Maeda, Jean-Michel Ané, Timothy J. Tschaplinski, Jesse L. Labbé, Robert L. Hettich, Paul E. Abraham, Tomás A. Rush
Frontiers in Fungal Biology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative proteomics analyses of mycelial, conidial, and Secreted Proteins of high-pathogenic and weak-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum isolates
Eman Elagamey, Magdi A.E. Abdellatef, Arunima Sinha, Said M. Kamel
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology.2021; 115: 101675. CrossRef
A Novel DCL2-Dependent Micro-Like RNA Vm-PC-3p-92107_6 Affects Pathogenicity by Regulating the Expression of Vm-VPS10 in Valsa mali
Feiran Guo, Jiahao Liang, Ming Xu, Gao Zhang, Lili Huang, Hao Feng
Frontiers in Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative proteomic analysis reveals molecular differences between incompatible and compatible interaction of Erysiphe pisi in garden pea
Sheetal M. Bhosle, Ragiba Makandar
Microbiological Research.2021; 248: 126736. CrossRef
Photodynamic treatment with phenothiazinium photosensitizers kills both ungerminated and germinated microconidia of the pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium solani
Henrique Dantas de Menezes, Ludmilla Tonani, Luciano Bachmann, Mark Wainwright, Gilberto Úbida Leite Braga, Marcia Regina von Zeska Kress
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology.2016; 164: 1. CrossRef

FgFlbD Regulates Hyphal Differentiation Required for Sexual and Asexual Reproduction in the Ascomycete Fungus Fusarium graminearum: Hokyoung Son , Myung-Gu Kim , Suhn-Kee Chae , Yin-Won Lee; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(11):930-939. Published online October 3, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4384-6

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Abstract

Fusarium graminearum is a filamentous fungal plant pathogen that infects major cereal crops. The fungus produces both sexual and asexual spores in order to endure unfavorable environmental conditions and increase their numbers and distribution across plants. In a model filamentous fungus, Aspergillus nidulans, early induction of conidiogenesis is orchestrated by the fluffy genes. The objectives of this study were to characterize fluffy gene homologs involved in conidiogenesis and their mechanism of action in F. graminearum. We characterized five fluffy gene homologs in F. graminearum and found that FlbD is the only conserved regulator for conidiogenesis in A. nidulans and F. graminearum. Deletion of fgflbD prevented hyphal differentiation and the formation of perithecia. Successful interspecies complementation using A. nidulans flbD demonstrated that the molecular mechanisms responsible for FlbD functions are conserved in F. graminearum. Moreover, abaA-wetA pathway is positively regulated by FgFlbD during conidiogenesis in F. graminearum. Deleting fgflbD abolished morphological effects of abaA overexpression, which suggests that additional factors for FgFlbD or an AbaA-independent pathway for conidiogenesis are required for F. graminearum conidiation. Importantly, this study led to the construction of a genetic pathway of F. graminearum conidiogenesis and provides new insights into the genetics of conidiogenesis in fungi.

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FgGmtB Plays an Important Role in Growth, Reproduction, Virulence and Deoxynivalenol Biosynthesis of Fusarium graminearum
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A feedback regulation of FgHtf1-FgCon7 loop in conidiogenesis and development of Fusarium graminearum
Shuang Chen, Pengfang Li, Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar, Peitao Lü, Yulong Li, Xuzhao Mao, Chengkang Zhang, Wenhui Zheng, Zonghua Wang, Guo-dong Lu, Huawei Zheng
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The MYB-like protein MylA contributes to conidiogenesis and conidial germination in Aspergillus nidulans
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Con7 is a key transcription regulator for conidiogenesis in the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum
Soobin Shin, Jiyeun Park, Lin Yang, Hun Kim, Gyung Ja Choi, Yin-Won Lee, Jung-Eun Kim, Hokyoung Son, Robert Arkowitz
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A Network of Sporogenesis-Responsive Genes Regulates the Growth, Asexual Sporogenesis, Pathogenesis and Fusaric Acid Production of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense
Songmao Lu, Huobing Deng, Yaqi Lin, Meimei Huang, Haixia You, Yan Zhang, Weijian Zhuang, Guodong Lu, Yingzi Yun
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Rohit Patel, Krina Mehta, Jignesh Prajapati, Arpit Shukla, Paritosh Parmar, Dweipayan Goswami, Meenu Saraf
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Lili Jia, Yuyun Huang, Jae-Hyuk Yu, Marc Stadler, Yanchun Shao, Wanping Chen, Fusheng Chen
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Elizabeth K. Brauer, Rajagopal Subramaniam, Linda J. Harris
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Gaili Fan, Huawei Zheng, Kai Zhang, Veena Devi Ganeshan, Stephen Obol Opiyo, Dan Liu, Mingyang Li, Guangpu Li, Thomas K. Mitchell, Yingzi Yun, Zonghua Wang, Guo-dong Lu, M. Julia Pettinari
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Oier Etxebeste, Ainara Otamendi, Aitor Garzia, Eduardo A. Espeso, Marc S. Cortese
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The transcription factor FgMed1 is involved in early conidiogenesis and DON biosynthesis in the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum
Gaili Fan, Kai Zhang, Jing Zhang, Jie Yang, Xiaoshuang Yang, Yanpei Hu, Jiawei Huang, Yangyan Zhu, Wenying Yu, Hongli Hu, Baohua Wang, WonBo Shim, Guo-dong Lu
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Developmental regulators FlbE/D orchestrate the polarity site-to-nucleus dynamics of the fungal bZIP transcription factor FlbB
Ainara Otamendi, Elixabet Perez-de-Nanclares-Arregi, Elixabet Oiartzabal-Arano, Marc S. Cortese, Eduardo A. Espeso, Oier Etxebeste
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M. Ojeda-López, W. Chen, C.E. Eagle, G. Gutiérrez, W.L. Jia, S.S. Swilaiman, Z. Huang, H.-S. Park, J.-H. Yu, D. Cánovas, P.S. Dyer
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Heat- and Cold-Shock Responses in Fusarium graminearum 3 Acetyl- and 15 Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol Chemotypes: Vladimir Vujanovic , Yit Kheng Goh , Prasad Daida; J. Microbiol. 2012;50(1):97-102. Published online February 27, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-1381-5

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Abstract: Fusarium graminearum Schwabe is the primary cause of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in North America. Chemically distinct F. graminearum sub-populations can be identified based on the type or composition of deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin derivatives, including 3-acetyl (3-ADON) and 15-acetyl (15-ADON). The evaluation of randomly selected 3-ADON and 15-ADON isolates, collected from spring wheat throughout Canada, was performed using thin layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ice-nucleation activity (INA), and heat and cold tolerance tests conducted within a temperature range of -70°C to 65°C. The results indicated that the 3-ADON sub-population, which is responsible for the highest disease severity and has rapidly displaced the 15-ADON sub-population, produces more DON and zearalenone (ZEA) than the 15-ADON sub-population when exposed to heat and cold. Following exposures (1 and 2 h) to extremely high or low temperatures, 3-ADON isolates exhibited faster mycelial growth than 15-ADON isolates. In addition, the warmest temperature at which INA activity occurred was in 3-ADON (-3.6°C) vs. 15-ADON (-5.1°C). Taken together, these features suggest that the newly emerging 3-ADON sub-population is more resilient than the resident 15-ADON sub-population. Overall, the differences between the two sub-populations could provide new insights into FHB epidemiology and if validated under field conditions, may provide important information for predicting future FHB epidemics.

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