Cordyceps militaris is a species of Cordyceps that is classified
in the Cordycipitaceae family and is well known in East Asia
as a traditional medicinal mushroom. Its artificial fruit body
has been widely cultivated for commercial use in cosmetics,
functional food, and medicine. To explore the metabolites
associated with fruit body development, we conducted gas
chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses based
on developmental stage, which was divided into the growth
period (stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3) and aging period (stage
4). We detected 39 biochemical metabolites associated with
nucleotide, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism. Cordycepin,
one of the representative bioactive compounds in
C. militaris, was significantly enriched in stage 4 of aging period
and is associated with glucose accumulation. The accumulation
of cordycepin in stage 4 of aging period also seems
to be related to the glutamine and glutamic acid pathway. Our results also showed enrichment of other bioactive compounds
such as mannitol and xylitol in stage 4 of aging period. Our
metabolomic profiling based on the developmental stages of
C. militaris is useful for exploring bioactive compounds (e.g.,
cordycepin, mannitol, GABA, and xylitol) that are enriched
in stage 4 of aging period and understanding the biosynthetic
mechanisms associated with cordycepin production. Through
optimization of fruit body cultivation by selecting stage 4 of
aging period as a harvesting time, our findings can be utilized
in food and medical applications of C. militaris in future.
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