Soil contamination with diesel oil is quite common during
processes of transport and storage. Bioremediation is considered
a safe, economical, and environmentally friendly approach
for contaminated soil treatment. In this context, studies
using hydrocarbon bioremediation have focused on total
petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) analysis to assess process effectiveness,
while ecotoxicity has been neglected. Thus, this
study aimed to select a microbial consortium capable of detoxifying
diesel oil and apply this consortium to the bioremediation
of soil contaminated with this environmental pollutant
through different bioremediation approaches. Gas chromatography
(GC-FID) was used to analyze diesel oil degradation,
while ecotoxicological bioassays with the bioindicators
Artemia sp., Aliivibrio fischeri (Microtox), and Cucumis
sativus were used to assess detoxification. After 90 days of
bioremediation, we found that the biostimulation and biostimulation/
bioaugmentation approaches showed higher rates
of diesel oil degradation in relation to natural attenuation
(41.9 and 26.7%, respectively). Phytotoxicity increased in the
biostimulation and biostimulation/bioaugmentation treatments
during the degradation process, whereas in the Microtox
test, the toxicity was the same in these treatments as that
in the natural attenuation treatment. In both the phytotoxicity
and Microtox tests, bioaugmentation treatment showed lower
toxicity. However, compared with natural attenuation, this
approach did not show satisfactory hydrocarbon degradation.
Based on the microcosm experiments results, we conclude
that a broader analysis of the success of bioremediation requires
the performance of toxicity bioassays.
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