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Arctic lichen Cladonia borealis-induced cell death is mediated by p53-independent activation of Caspase-9 and PARP-1 signaling in human colorectal cancer cell lines
Ju-Mi Hong, Seul Ki Min, Kyung Hee Kim, Se Jong Han, Joung Han Yim, Sojin Kim, Youn-Jung Kim, Il-Chan Kim
J. Microbiol. 2025;63(4):e2412012.   Published online April 29, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2412012
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AbstractAbstract PDF

The anti-cancer effects of Cladonia borealis (an Arctic lichen) methanol extract (CBME) on human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells were investigated for the first time. The proliferation of the HCT116 cells treated with CBME significantly decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry results indicated that treatment with CBME resulted in significant apoptosis in the HCT116 cells. Furthermore, immunoblotting and qRT-PCR results revealed the expression of apoptosis-related marker genes and indicated a significant downregulation of the apoptosis regulator B-cell lymphoma expression and upregulation of the cleaved form of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase as DNA repair and apoptosis regulators and central tumor suppressor p53. Therefore, CBME significantly inhibited cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in colon carcinoma cells. Collectively, these data suggested that CBME contained one or more compounds with anti-cancer effects and could be a potential therapeutic agent. Further studies are required to identify candidate compounds and understand the mechanism of action of CBME.

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
Identification of Proteolytic Bacteria from the Arctic Chukchi Sea Expedition Cruise and Characterization of Cold-active Proteases
Ha Ju Park , Yung Mi Lee , Sunghui Kim , Ah Ram Wi , Se Jong Han , Han-Woo Kim , Il-Chan Kim , Joung Han Yim , Dockyu Kim
J. Microbiol. 2014;52(10):825-833.   Published online August 27, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4226-6
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AbstractAbstract
Following collection of seawater samples during an Arctic Chukchi Sea expedition cruise of the Korean icebreaker Araon in 2012, a total of 15,696 bacteria were randomly isolated from Marine Broth 2216 agar plates. Of these, 2,526 (16%) showed proteolytic activity and were identified as mainly Alteromonas (31%), Staphylococcus (27%), and Pseudoalteromonas (14%). Among the proteolytic strains, seven were selected based on their significant ability to grow and produce a halo on skim milk plates at low temperatures (<5°C) owing to cold-active proteases. These strains were affiliated with the genus Pseudoalteromonas and were divided into three groups based on phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA genes. Profiling cell membrane fatty acids confirmed the 16S rRNA-based differentiation and revealed the accordance between the two analyses. Seven genes for serine protease precursors were amplified from the corresponding strains, and based on sequence similarities, these genes were divided into three groups that were identical to those identified by the 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. Three protease genes from the representative strains of each group were composed of 2,127–2,130 bp, encoding 708–709 amino acids, and these genes yielded products with calculated molecular weights of approximately 72.3–72.8 kDa. Amino acid sequence analysis suggested that the precursors are members of the subtilase serine endo- and exo-peptidase clan and contain four domains (signal peptide, N-terminal prosequence, catalytic domain, and two pre-peptidase C-terminal domains). Upon expression in E. coli, each recombinant protease exhibited proteolytic activity on zymogram gels.

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  • The Place for Enzymes and Biologically Active Peptides from Marine Organisms for Application in Industrial and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
    Jean-Étienne R.L. Morlighem, Gandhi Radis-Baptista
    Current Protein & Peptide Science.2019; 20(4): 334.     CrossRef
  • Benefit from decline: the primary transcriptome of Alteromonas macleodii str. Te101 during Trichodesmium demise
    Shengwei Hou, Mario López-Pérez, Ulrike Pfreundt, Natalia Belkin, Kurt Stüber, Bruno Huettel, Richard Reinhardt, Ilana Berman-Frank, Francisco Rodriguez-Valera, Wolfgang R Hess
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Diversity of Cold-Active Protease-Producing Bacteria from Arctic Terrestrial and Marine Environments Revealed by Enrichment Culture
Eun Hye Kim , Kyeung Hee Cho , Yung Mi Lee , Joung Han Yim , Hong Kum Lee , Jang-Cheon Cho , Soon Gyu Hong
J. Microbiol. 2010;48(4):426-432.   Published online August 20, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0015-z
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AbstractAbstract
A new approach for enrichment culture was applied to obtain cold-active protease-producing bacteria for marine and terrestrial samples from Svalbard, Norway. The method was developed for the enrichment of bacteria by long-term incubation at low temperatures in semi-solid agar medium containing meat pieces as the main source of carbon and energy. ZoBell and 0.1× nutrient broth were added for marine and terrestrial microorganisms, respectively, to supply basal elements for growth. One to three types of colonies were observed from each enrichment culture, indicating that specific bacterial species were enriched during the experimental conditions. Among 89 bacterial isolates, protease activity was observed from 48 isolates in the screening media containing skim milk. Good growth was observed at 4°C and 10°C while none of the isolates could grow at 37°C. At low temperatures, enzyme activity was equal to or higher than activity at higher temperatures. Bacterial isolates were included in the genera Pseudoalteromonas (33 isolates), Arthrobacter (24 isolates), Pseudomonas (16 isolates), Psychrobacter (6 isolates), Sphingobacterium (6 isolates), Flavobacterium (2 isolates), Sporosarcina (1 isolate), and Stenotrophomonas (1 isolate). Protease activity was observed from Pseudoalteromonas (33 isolates), Pseudomonas (10 isolates), Arthrobacter (4 isolates), and Flavobacterium (1 isolate).

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Cold-Adapted Proteases: An Efficient and Energy-Saving Biocatalyst
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    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(10): 8532.     CrossRef
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    Xiu-Lan Chen, Yan Wang, Peng Wang, Yu-Zhong Zhang
    Marine Life Science & Technology.2020; 2(4): 309.     CrossRef
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  • Enhanced production of protease by Pseudoalteromonas arctica PAMC 21717 via statistical optimization of mineral components and fed-batch fermentation
    Se Jong Han, Heeyong Park, Sunghui Kim, Dockyu Kim, Ha Ju Park, Joung Han Yim
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    Dockyu Kim, Miyoun Yoo, Eungbin Kim, Soon Gyu Hong
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    Yongqin Liu, John C. Priscu, Tandong Yao, Trista J. Vick-Majors, Alexander B. Michaud, Nianzhi Jiao, Juzhi Hou, Lide Tian, Anyi Hu, Zhong-Qiang Chen
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  • Enzymes from the gut bacteria of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua and their influence on intestinal enzyme activity
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  • Polar and Alpine Microbial Collection (PAMC): a culture collection dedicated to polar and alpine microorganisms
    Yung Mi Lee, GoHeung Kim, You-Jung Jung, Cheng-Dae Choe, Joung Han Yim, Hong Kum Lee, Soon Gyu Hong
    Polar Biology.2012; 35(9): 1433.     CrossRef
  • Analysis and comparison of the microflora isolated from fresco surface and from surrounding air environment through molecular and biodegradative assays
    Domenico Pangallo, Lucia Kraková, Katarína Chovanová, Alexandra Šimonovičová, Filomena De Leo, Clara Urzì
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Mutant Selection of Hahella chejuensis KCTC 2396 and Statistical Optimization of Medium Components for Prodigiosin Yield-Up
Sung Jin Kim , Hong Kum Lee , Yoo Kyung Lee , Joung Han Yim
J. Microbiol. 2008;46(2):183-188.   Published online June 11, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0037-y
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AbstractAbstract
Prodigiosin is a natural red pigment with algicidal activity against Cochlodinium polykrikoides, a major harmful red-tide microalga. To increase the yield of prodigiosin, a mutant of Hahella chejuenesis KCTC 2396, assigned M3349, was developed by an antibiotic mutagenesis using chloramphenicol. When cultured in Sucrose-based Marine Broth medium (SMB), M3349 could produce prodigiosin at 1.628±0.06 g/L, while wild type producing at 0.658±0.12 g/L under the same conditions. To increase the yield of prodigiosin production by M3349, significant medium components were determined using a two-level Plackett-Burman statistical design technique. Among fourteen components included in SMB medium, NaCl, Na2SiO3, MgCl2, H3BO3, Na2HPO4, Na2SO4, and CaCl2 were determined to be important for prodigiosin production. The medium formulation was finally optimized using a Box-Behnken design as follows: sucrose 10.0, peptone 8.0, yeast extract 2.0, NaCl 10.0, Na2SO4 12.0, CaCl2 1.8, MgCl2 0.7 g/L; and H3BO3 22.0, Na2HPO4 20.0, Na2SiO3 8.0 mg/L. The predicted maximum yield of prodigiosin in the optimized medium was 2.43 g/L by the Box-Behnken design, while the practical production was 2.60±0.176 g/L, which was 3.9 times higher than wild type with SMB Medium (0.658 g/L).
Cryoprotective Properties of Exopolysaccharide (P-21653) Produced by the Antarctic Bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas arctica KOPRI 21653
Sung Jin Kim , Joung Han Yim
J. Microbiol. 2007;45(6):510-514.
DOI: https://doi.org/2643 [pii]
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AbstractAbstract
Twenty-five bacterial strains that secrete mucous materials were isolated from sediment obtained from King George Island, Antarctica. Seven of these strains proved capable of producing cryoprotective exopolysaccharides. The strain KOPRI 21653 was selected for the further study of an anti-ice-nucleating polysaccharide (ANP), which originated from a polar region. KOPRI 21653 was identified as Pseudoalteromonas arctica as the result of 16S rRNA analysis. The exopolysaccharide, P-21653, was purified completely from the KOPRI 21653 cell culture via column chromatography and protease treatment. The principal sugar components of P-21653 were determined to be galactose and glucose, at a ratio of 1:1.5, via GC-MS analysis. The cryoprotective activity of P-21653 was characterized via an E. coli viability test. In the presence of 0.1% (w/v) P-21653, the survival ratio of E. coli cells was as high as 82.6% over three repeated freeze-thaw cycles. The survival ratio decreased drastically to 71.5 and 48.1%, respectively, in five and seven repeated cycle conditions; however, the survival ratios were greater over three (96.6-92.1%) to seven (100.5-91.6%) freeze-thaw cycles in the presence of 0.5 and 1.0% (w/v) P-21653. In addition, at much lower concentrations (0.1-1.0%), P-21653 resulted in survival ratios (83.1-98.4%) similar to those of two commercially available cryoprotectants (VEG plus X-1000, 92.9% and VM3, 95.3%), which were utilized at the recommended concentrations (90%). The biochemical characteristics of exopolysaccharide P-21653 reflect that this compound may be developed as a useful cryoprotectant for use in medical applications and in the food industry.
Axenic Culture of Gyrodinium impudicum Strain KG03, a Marine Red-tide Microalga that Produces Exopolysaccharide
Joung Han Yim , Hong Kum Lee
J. Microbiol. 2004;42(4):305-314.
DOI: https://doi.org/2106 [pii]
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AbstractAbstract
An exopolysaccharide-producing microalgal dinoflagellate was isolated from a red-tide bloom and designated strain KG03. A bacteria-free culture of strain KG03 was achieved using a modified wash with phototaxis and antibiotic treatment. Combined treatment with neomycin and cephalosporin was the most effective for eliminating the bacteria associated with the microalgae. Strain KG03 was identified as Gyrodinium impudicum by analyzing the ITS regions of the 5.8S rDNA, 18S rDNA, morphological phenotype and fatty acid composition. The exopolysaccharide production and cell growth in a 300-ml photobioreactor were increased 2.7- and 2.4-fold, respectively, compared with that in a flask culture at the first isolation step.

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