Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Responses of Candida albicans to the Human Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37
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Pei-Wen Tsai , Yin-Lien Cheng , Wen-Ping Hsieh , Chung-Yu Lan
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J. Microbiol. 2014;52(7):581-589. Published online May 30, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3630-2
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Abstract
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Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen in humans. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are critical components of the innate immune response in vertebrates and represent the first line of defense against microbial infection. LL-37 is the only member of the human family of cathelicidin AMPs and is commonly expressed by various tissues and cells, including surfaces of epithelia. The candidacidal effects of LL-37 have been well documented, but the mechanisms by which LL-37 kills C. albicans are not completely understood. In this study, we examined the effects of LL-37 on cell wall and cellular responses in C. albicans. Using transmission electron microscopy, carbohydrate analyses, and staining for β-1,3-glucan, changing of C. albicans cell wall integrity was detected upon LL-37 treatment. In addition, LL-37 also affected cell wall architecture of the pathogen. Finally, DNA microarray analysis and quantitative PCR demonstrated that sub-lethal concentrations of LL-37 modulated the expression of genes with a variety of functions, including transporters, regulators for biological processes, response to stress or chemical stimulus, and pathogenesis. Together, LL-37 induces complex responses in C. albicans, making LL-37 a promising candidate for use as a therapeutic agent against fungal infections.
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