Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Repositioning of a mucolytic drug to a selective antibacterial against Vibrio cholerae: In-Young Chung† , Bi-o Kim† , Hye-Jeong Jang† , You-Hee Cho; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(1):61-66. Published online January 2, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9590-9

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Drug repositioning, the approach to explore existing drugs for use in new therapeutic indications, has emerged as an alternative drug development strategy. In this study, we found that a mucolytic drug, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) showed antibacterial activity against Vibrio cholerae. NAC can provide acid stress that selectively inhibited the growth of V. cholerae among other bacterial pathogens. To address the antibacterial mechanism of NAC against V. cholerae, six acr (acetylcysteine- resistant) mutants were isolated from 3,118 random transposon insertion clones. The transposon insertion sites of the six mutants were mapped at the five genes. All these mutants did not display NAC resistance under acidic conditions, despite their resistance to NAC under alkaline conditions, indicating that the NAC resistance directed by the acr mutations was independent of the unusual pH-sensitivity of V. cholerae. Furthermore, all these mutants displayed attenuated virulence and reduced biofilm formation, suggesting that the acr genes are required for pathogenesis of V. cholerae. This study validates the relevance of drug repositioning for antibacterials with new modes of action and will provide an insight into a novel antibacterial therapy for V. cholerae infections to minimize side effects and resistance emergence.

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Identification of brevinin-1EMa-derived stapled peptides as broad-spectrum virus entry blockers
Mi Il Kim, Thanh K. Pham, Dahee Kim, Minkyung Park, Bi-o Kim, You-Hee Cho, Young-Woo Kim, Choongho Lee
Virology.2021; 561: 6. CrossRef

N-acetylcysteine prevents the development of gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori infection: Sungil Jang , Eun-Jung Bak , Jeong-Heon Cha; J. Microbiol. 2017;55(5):396-402. Published online April 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-7089-9

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Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a human gastric pathogen, causing various gastric diseases ranging from gastritis to gas-tric adenocarcinoma. It has been reported that combining N-acetylcysteine (NAC) with conventional antibiotic therapy increases the success rate of H. pylori eradication. We evalu-ated the effect of NAC itself on the growth and coloniza-tion of H. pylori, and development of gastritis, using in vitro liquid culture system and in vivo animal models. H. pylori growth was evaluated in broth culture containing NAC. The H. pylori load and histopathological scores of stomachs were measured in Mongolian gerbils infected with H. pylori strain 7.13, and fed with NAC-containing diet. In liquid culture, NAC inhibited H. pylori growth in a concentration-depen-dent manner. In the animal model, 3-day administration of NAC after 1 week from infection reduced the H. pylori load; 6-week administration of NAC after 1 week from infection prevented the development of gastritis and reduced H. pylori colonization. However, no reduction in the bacterial load or degree of gastritis was observed with a 6-week administ-ration of NAC following 6-week infection period. Our results indicate that NAC may exert a beneficial effect on reduction of bacterial colonization, and prevents the development of severe inflammation, in people with initial asymptomatic or mild H. pylori infection.

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Heidi El-Sobky, Safaa Mostafa El-Shanawany, Maha Ghanem, Maram Atef
Toxicology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Helicobacter pylori: Routes of Infection, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Alternative Therapies as a Means to Develop Infection Control
Ayman Elbehiry, Adil Abalkhail, Nuha Anajirih, Fahad Alkhamisi, Mohammed Aldamegh, Abdullah Alramzi, Riyad AlShaqi, Naif Alotaibi, Abdullah Aljuaid, Hilal Alzahrani, Feras Alzaben, Mohammed Rawway, Mai Ibrahem, Moustafa H. Abdelsalam, Nermin I. Rizk, Moha
Diseases.2024; 12(12): 311. CrossRef
Isotope tracing reveals bacterial catabolism of host-derived glutathione during Helicobacter pylori infection
Maia J. Baskerville, Yekaterina Kovalyova, Raquel Mejías-Luque, Markus Gerhard, Stavroula K. Hatzios, William Navarre
PLOS Pathogens.2023; 19(7): e1011526. CrossRef
Helicobacter pylori-mediated gastric pathogenesis is attenuated by treatment of 2-deoxyglucose and metformin
Hanfu Su, Eun-Jung Bak, Aeryun Kim, Kavinda Tissera, Jeong-Heon Cha, Sungil Jang
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(8): 849. CrossRef
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Tsvetelina Petkova, Antoaneta Yordanova, Aneliya Milanova
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Gerry K. Schwalfenberg, Tatiana Emanuelli
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Stine Egebro Birk, Laura Serioli, Valentina Cavallo, Janus Anders Juul Haagensen, Søren Molin, Line Hagner Nielsen, Kinga Zór, Anja Boisen
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Allantoin improves histopathological evaluations in a rat model of gastritis
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N‐Acetylcysteine Reduces ROS‐Mediated Oxidative DNA Damage and PI3K/Akt Pathway Activation Induced by Helicobacter pylori Infection
Chuan Xie, Jian Yi, Jing Lu, Muwen Nie, Meifang Huang, Jianfang Rong, Zhenhua Zhu, Jiang Chen, Xiaoliang Zhou, Bimin Li, Haiming Chen, Nonghua Lu, Xu Shu, Rômulo D. Novaes
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Oral Immunization with a Multivalent Epitope-Based Vaccine, Based on NAP, Urease, HSP60, and HpaA, Provides Therapeutic Effect on H. pylori Infection in Mongolian gerbils
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Antibacterial effects of N-acetylcysteine against endodontic pathogens: Ji-Hoi Moon , Young-Suk Choi , Hyeon-Woo Lee , Jung Sun Heo , Seok Woo Chang , Jin-Yong Lee; J. Microbiol. 2016;54(4):322-329. Published online April 1, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-5534-9

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Abstract

The success of endodontic treatment depends on the eradication of microorganisms from the root canal system and the prevention of reinfection. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant mucolytic agent, as an intracanal medicament against selected endodontic pathogens. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of NAC for Actinomyces naeslundii, Lactobacillus salivarius, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis were determined using the broth microdilution method. NAC showed antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 0.78–1.56 mg/ml. The effect of NAC on biofilm formation of each bacterium and a multispecies culture consisting of the four bacterial species was assessed by crystal violet staining. NAC significantly inhibited biofilm formation by all the monospecies and multispecies bacteria at minimum concentrations of 0.78–3.13 mg/ml. The efficacy of NAC for biofilm disruption was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and ATP-bioluminescence quantification using mature multispecies biofilms. Preformed mature multispecies biofilms on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disks were disrupted within 10 min by treatment with NAC at concentrations of 25 mg/ml or higher. After 24 h of treatment, the viability of mature biofilms was reduced by > 99% compared with the control. Moreover, the biofilm disrupting activity of NAC was significantly higher than that of saturated calcium hydroxide or 2% chlorhexidine solution. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, we conclude that NAC has excellent antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy against endodontic pathogens and may be used as an alternative intracanal medicament in root canal therapies.

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