Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Effect of exopolysaccharides of Paenibacillus polymyxa rhizobacteria on physiological and morphological variables of wheat seedlings: Irina V. Yegorenkova , Kristina V. Tregubova , Alexander I. Krasov , Nina V. Evseeva , Larisa Yu. Matora; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(8):729-735. Published online July 24, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0623-9

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Paenibacillus polymyxa is a promising plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium that associates with a wide range of host plants, including agronomically important ones. Inoculation of wheat seedlings with P. polymyxa strains CCM 1465 and 92 was found to increase the mitotic index of the root cells 1.2- and 1.6-fold, respectively. Treatment of seedlings with the exopolysaccharides (EPSs) of these strains increased the mitotic index 1.9-fold (P. polymyxa CCM 1465) and 2.8-fold (P. polymyxa 92). These increases indicate activation of cell division in the root meristems. Analysis of the morphometric variables of the seedlings showed that P. polymyxa CCM 1465, P. polymyxa 92, and their EPSs promoted wheat growth, increasing root and shoot length up to 22% and root and shoot dry weight up to 28%, as compared with the control. In addition, both strains were found to intensely colonize the seedling root surface. Thus, P. polymyxa EPSs are active metabolites that, along with whole cells, are responsible for the contact interactions of the bacteria with wheat roots and are implicated in the induction of plant responses to these interactions. The strains used in this work are of interest for further study to broaden the existing understanding of the mechanisms of plant–bacterial interactions and to develop effective biofertilizers for agricultural purposes.

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Optimization of the Production Parameters of a Novel Exopolysaccharide Chrysosporine from Endophytic Chrysosporium sp. KTL2, and Evaluation of its Antioxidative and Prebiotic Potentialities
Hiran Kanti Santra, Debdulal Banerjee
Indian Journal of Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of a Bacillus velezensis and Lysinibacillus fusiformis-based biofertilizer on phosphorus acquisition and grain yield of soybean
Luciana Cristina Vitorino, Elias José da Silva, Marilene Silva Oliveira, Isabella de Oliveira Silva, Lorraine da Silva Santos, Maria Andréia Corrêa Mendonça, Thais Cristina Sousa Oliveira, Layara Alexandre Bessa
Frontiers in Plant Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Screening of Endophytic Antagonistic Bacteria in Wheat and Evaluation of Biocontrol Potential against Wheat Stripe Rust
Ainisai Saimi, Qiqi Zhang, Qi Liu, Guangkuo Li, Haifeng Gao, Jing Chen
Plants.2024; 13(10): 1366. CrossRef
Basidiomycetes Polysaccharides Regulate Growth and Antioxidant Defense System in Wheat
Olga Tsivileva, Andrei Shaternikov, Nina Evseeva
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(13): 6877. CrossRef
Exopolysaccharides of Paenibacillus polymyxa: A review
Xuan-Ya Huang, Xin-Pei Ye, Yan-Yu Hu, Zhen-Xing Tang, Tian Zhang, Hai Zhou, Ting Zhou, Xue-Lian Bai, Er-Xu Pi, Bing-Hua Xie, Lu-E Shi
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2024; 261: 129663. CrossRef
Bacterial Inoculation and Co-Inoculation Improves Durum Wheat Productivity in Alkaline Calcareous Soils
Souad Guemouri-Athmani, Bouazza Chami, Aurelio Scavo, Nabil Touzout, Djamel Baali-Cherif, Adil Mihoub, Jakub Černý, Muhammad Farhan Saeed, Aftab Jamal, Hayi Mohamed Yassine, Yaser Hassan Dewir
Phyton.2024; 93(12): 3313. CrossRef
Evaluation of Osmotolerant Potential of Halomonas sulfidaeris MV-19 Isolated from a Mud Volcano
Ees Ahmad, Sushil K. Sharma, Abhijeet S. Kashyap, Nazia Manzar, Pramod K. Sahu, Udai B. Singh, Harsh V. Singh, Pawan K. Sharma
Current Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Watering Shapes a Robust and Stable Microbial Community under Fusarium Crown Rot Infection
Runlai Xu, Chenghang Du, Yutian Gao, Xiaohan Zhou, Irsa Ejaz, Jieru Guo, Kunhu Chen, Jun Ma, Yinghua Zhang, Zhimin Wang, Zhencai Sun
Agronomy.2023; 13(5): 1356. CrossRef
Biological activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized with Paenibacillus polymyxa exopolysaccharides
Kristina V. Tregubova, Irina V. Yegorenkova, Vyacheslav S. Grinev, Alexander S. Fomin
Enzyme and Microbial Technology.2023; 164: 110174. CrossRef
Optimizing the Growth Conditions of the Selected Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Paenibacillus sp. MVY-024 for Industrial Scale Production
Justina Kaziūnienė, Raimonda Mažylytė, Aurimas Krasauskas, Monika Toleikienė, Audrius Gegeckas
Biology.2022; 11(5): 745. CrossRef
Fusaricidins, Polymyxins and Volatiles Produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa Strains DSM 32871 and M1
Pascal Mülner, Elisa Schwarz, Kristin Dietel, Stefanie Herfort, Jennifer Jähne, Peter Lasch, Tomislav Cernava, Gabriele Berg, Joachim Vater
Pathogens.2021; 10(11): 1485. CrossRef

Paenibacillus nuruki sp. nov., isolated from Nuruk, a Korean fermentation starter: Soo-Jin Kim , Hayoung Cho , Jae-Hyung Ahn , Hang-Yeon Weon , Jae-Ho Joa , Jeong-Seon Kim , Soon-Wo Kwon; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(10):836-841. Published online June 27, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9118-3

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A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, facultatively anaerobic bacterium designated TI45-13arT was isolated from Nuruk, a Korean traditional Makgeolli fermentation starter. It grew at 4–35°C (optimum, 28–30°C), pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and NaCl concentrations up to 5% (w/v). Phylogenetic trees generated using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain TI45-13arT belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus kyungheensis DCY88T (98.5%), Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T (98.4%) and Paenibacillus nicotianae YIM h-19T (98.1%). The major fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0. The DNA G+C content was 39.0 mol%, and MK-7 was the predominant isoprenoid quinone. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified glycolipids, and one unidentified aminoglycolipid. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomy study, it was suggested that strain TI45-13arT represents a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus for which the name Paenibacillus nuruki sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain was TI45-13arT (= KACC 18728T = NBRC 112013T).

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Paenibacillus dendrobii sp. nov., an indole-3-acetic acid-producing endophytic bacterium isolated from Dendrobium nobile
Yadong Hu, Hongjie Li, Yaoyi Chen, Qiling Zhang, Shigang Zheng, Dan Rao, Ze Chun, Ruoxi Zhao
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Makgeolli - The Traditional Choice of Korean Fermented Beverage from Cereal: An Overview on its Composition and Health Benefits
Ganesh SHIMOGA, Sang-Youn KIM
Food Science and Technology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Integrative Metagenomics–Metabolomics for Analyzing the Relationship Between Microorganisms and Non-volatile Profiles of Traditional Xiaoqu
Chi Zhao, Wei Su, Yu Mu, Yingchun Mu, Li Jiang
Frontiers in Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Flaviflexus ciconiae sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of the oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana
Jae-Yun Lee, Woorim Kang, Pil Soo Kim, So-Yeon Lee, Na-Ri Shin, Hojun Sung, June-Young Lee, Ji-Hyun Yun, Yun-Seok Jeong, Jeong Eun Han, Mi-Ja Jung, Dong-Wook Hyun, Hyun Sik Kim, Euon Jung Tak, Jin-Woo Bae
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2020; 70(10): 5439. CrossRef

Paenibacillus psychroresistens sp. nov., isolated from the soil of an Arctic glacial retreat: In-Tae Cha , Eui-Sang Cho , Yoo Kyung Lee , Seong Woon Roh , Myung-Ji Seo; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(7):569-574. Published online June 27, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8666-x

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Strain ML311-T8T was isolated from a glacial retreat area in Svalbard, Norway, and was taxonomically characterized by a polyphasic approach. Upon phylogenetic analysis, strain ML311-T8T was clustered with Paenibacillus arcticus MME2_ R6T and P. contaminans CKOBP-6T with 98.3–98.6 and 93.5– 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain ML311-T8T and P. arcticus MME2_R6T was 19.9%. The genomic DNA G+C content was 41.1 mol%. The isolated strain was Gramstain- positive, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped, and grew in 0–0.5% (w/v) NaCl, at 4–23°C and pH 6.0–10.0, with optimal growth in 0% (w/v) NaCl, at 20°C and pH 7.0–8.0. The predominant respiratory quinone of strain ML311-T8T was MK- 7 and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and C16:0. The polar lipids of strain ML311-T8T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified amino lipids, and three unidentified lipids. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the strain ML311-T8T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus psychroresistens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ML311-T8T (= KCCM 43190T = JCM 31243T).

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Microbiodiversity Landscape Present in the Mine-Tailings of the “Sierra de Huautla” Biosphere Reserve, Mexico
Maikel Gilberto Fernández-López, Ayixon Sánchez-Reyes, Marcos Eduardo Rosas-Ramírez, Edgar Balcázar-López
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Paenibacillus dendrobii sp. nov., an indole-3-acetic acid-producing endophytic bacterium isolated from Dendrobium nobile
Yadong Hu, Hongjie Li, Yaoyi Chen, Qiling Zhang, Shigang Zheng, Dan Rao, Ze Chun, Ruoxi Zhao
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Validation List no. 206. Valid publication of new names and new combinations effectively published outside the IJSEM
Aharon Oren, George M. Garrity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Description of Paenibacillus dokdonensis sp. nov., a new bacterium isolated from soil
Jayoung Paek, Lu Bai, Yeseul Shin, Hongik Kim, Joong-Ki Kook, Young-Hyo Chang
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Paenibacillus seodonensis sp. nov., isolated from a plant of the genus Campanula: Myung-Suk Kang , Ki-Eun Lee , Eun-Young Lee , Soo-Je Park; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(12):874-879. Published online October 25, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8455-y

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Abstract

Strain DCT-19T, representing a Gram-stain-positive, rodshaped, aerobic bacterium, was isolated from a native plant belonging to the genus Campanula on Dokdo, the Republic of Korea. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that this strain was closely related to Paenibacillus amylolyticus NRRL NRS-290T (98.6%, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus tundrae A10bT (98.1%), and Paenibacillus xylanexedens NRRL B-51090T (97.6%). DNADNA hybridization indicated that this strain had relatively low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with P. amylolyticus NRRL NRS-290T (30.0%), P. xylanexedens NRRL B-51090T (29.0%), and P. tundrae A10bT (24.5%). Additionally, the genomic DNA G + C content of DCT-19T was 44.8%. The isolated strain grew at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 0–4% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%), and a temperature of 15–45°C (optimum 25–30°C). The sole respiratory quinone in the strain was menaquinone-7, and the predominant fatty acids were C15:0 anteiso, C16:0 iso, and C16:0. In addition, the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on its phenotypic properties, genotypic distinctiveness, and chemotaxonomic features, strain DCT-19T is proposed as a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus seodonensis sp. nov. is proposed (=KCTC 43009T =LMG 30888T). The type strain of Paenibacillus seodonensis is DCT-19T.

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Molecular Evidence of Crosstalk Between Bacterial Endophytes and Plant Transcriptome in Brassica juncea
Garima Sharma, Pooja Gokhale Sinha, Vartika Mathur
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation.2024; 43(12): 4397. CrossRef

Paenibacillus albilobatus sp. nov., isolated from acidic soil on Jeju Island: Jae-Won Lee , Ye-Eun Kim , Myung-Suk Kang , Ki-Eun Lee , Eun-Young Lee , Soo-Je Park; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(6):393-398. Published online June 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8158-4

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Abstract

A rod-shaped, white color colony with lobate architectures, strain h2T was isolated from a moderately acidic soil on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain h2T is closely related to Paenibacillus relictisesami DSM 25385T (97.4%, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus azoreducens KACC 11244T (97.2%), and Paenibacillus cookii LMG 18419T (97.0%). DNA-DNA hybridization indicated that the strain h2T has relatively low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with respect to P. relictisesami DSM 25385T (10.2%) and P. azoreducens KACC 11244T (13.7%). Additionally, the genomic DNA G + C content of h2T is 51.5 mol%. The isolated strain grew at pH 4.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0–7.0) and 0–5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%) and a temperature of 15–45°C (optimum 35°C). The quinones in the strain are MK-6 and MK-7, and the predominant fatty acid is C15:0 anteiso (32.1%) followed by C17:0 anteiso (26.5%), and C16:0 iso (21.0%). Based on its phenotypic properties, genotypic distinctiveness, and chemotaxonomic features, strain h2T is proposed as a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus albilobatus sp. nov. is proposed (= KCCM 43269T = JCM 32395T = LMG 30408T). The type strain of Paenibacillus albilobatus is h2T.

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Description of Paenibacillus dokdonensis sp. nov., a new bacterium isolated from soil
Jayoung Paek, Lu Bai, Yeseul Shin, Hongik Kim, Joong-Ki Kook, Young-Hyo Chang
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Root-associated bacteria influencing mycelial growth of Tricholoma matsutake (pine mushroom): Seung-Yoon Oh , Young Woon Lim; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(6):399-407. Published online June 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7491-y

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Abstract

Tricholoma matsutake is an ectomycorrhizal fungus usually associated with Pinus densiflora in South Korea. Fruiting bodies (mushrooms) of T. matsutake are economically important due to their attractive aroma; yet, T. matsutake is uncultivatable and its habitat is rapidly being eradicated due to global climate change. Root-associated bacteria can influence the growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi that co-exist in the host rhizosphere and distinctive bacterial communities are associated with T. matsutake. In this study, we investigated how these bacterial communities affect T. matsutake growth by isolating bacteria from the roots of P. densiflora colonized by ectomycorrhizae of T. matsutake and co-culturing rootassociated bacteria with T. matsutake isolates. Thirteen species of bacteria (27 isolates) were found in pine roots, all belonging to the orders Bacillales or Burkholderiales. Two species in the genus Paenibacillus promoted the growth of T. matsutake in glucose poor conditions, likely using soluble metabolites. In contrast, other bacteria suppressed the growth of T. matsutake using both soluble and volatile metabolites. Antifungal activity was more frequent in glucose poor conditions. In general, pine rhizospheres harbored many bacteria that had a negative impact on T. matsutake growth and the few Paenibacillus species that promoted T. matsutake growth. Paenibacillus species, therefore, may represent a promising resource toward successful cultivation of T. matsutake.

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Haiyun Zi, Yun Wang, Yangwenke Liao, Shuikuan Bei, Jinchi Zhang, Xiaogang Li
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Microbiology Resource Announcements.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Paenibacillus insulae sp. nov., isolated from soil: Sung-Jun Cho , Sung-Heun Cho , Tae-Su Kim , Suhk-Hwan Park , Seung-Bum Kim , Geon-Hyoung Lee; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(9):588-591. Published online August 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4610-x

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Abstract

A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium designated DS80T was isolated from an island soil. The strain DS80T grew at temperatures between 15 and 40°C (optimum = 30°C) and at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum = 7.0). The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11T (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403T(95.48%). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.0 mol% and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and C16:1 ω11c. Strain DS80T contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone, and phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. The peptidoglycan contained a major amount of meso-diaminopimelic acid. The chemotaxonomic profile of strain DS80T was consistent with that of Paenibacillus. However, the phenotypic properties clearly separated the strain from other species of the genus. Accordingly, a new species, Paenibacillus insulae sp. nov., is proposed (type strain =DS80T =JCM 17278T =KCTC 13833T).

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Emmanuel Tobechukwu Ugwuoji, Ifeanyi S. Eze, Tochukwu Nwamaka T. Nwagu, Lewis Iheanacho Ezeogu
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2024; 279: 135132. CrossRef
Detergent-stable amylase production by Paenibacillus lactis strain OPSA3 isolated from soil; optimization by response surface methodology
Emmanuel Tobechukwu Ugwuoji, Tochukwu Nwamaka T. Nwagu, Lewis Iheanacho Ezeogu
Biotechnology Reports.2023; 39: e00808. CrossRef
Characterization of cellulose-degrading microbiota from the eastern subterranean termite and soil
Xianfa Xie, Alonzo B. Anderson, Latoya J. Wran, Myrna G. Serrano, Gregory A. Buck
F1000Research.2021; 6: 2082. CrossRef
Paenibacillus oryzisoli sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of rice
Jun Zhang, Xiao-Tong Ma, Jun-Sheng Gao, Cai-Wen Zhang, Juan-Juan Zhao, Rui-Jie Zhang, Li-An Ma, Xiao-Xia Zhang
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.2017; 110(1): 69. CrossRef
Characterization of cellulose-degrading microbiota from the eastern subterranean termite and soil
Xianfa Xie, Alonzo B. Anderson, Latoya J. Wran, Myrna G. Serrano, Gregory A. Buck
F1000Research.2017; 6: 2082. CrossRef

Paenibacillus cucumis sp. nov. Isolated from Greenhouse Soil: Jae-Hyung Ahn , Byoung-chan Kim , Byung-Yong Kim , Soo-Jin Kim , Jaekyeong Song , Soon-Wo Kwon , Hang-Yeon Weon; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(6):460-464. Published online May 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4071-7

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Abstract

Strain CO 4-7T was isolated from greenhouse soil used for cultivation of cucumbers in Korea. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CO 4-7T showed the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6T (94.2%) among the type strains. Strain CO 4-7T was a strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, and motile rodshaped bacterium. Strain CO 4-7T grew at 10–45°C (optimum, 30°C), at pH 6.0–7.5 (optimum, pH 6.5) and in the presence of 0–5% NaCl (optimum, 0.5%). The DNA G+C content of strain CO 4-7T was 48.5 mol%. It contained MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15:0 (51.8%), C16:0 (12.7%), and iso-C16:0 (8.6%) as the major fatty acids. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. Based on evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, it was concluded that strain CO 4-7T should be classified as a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which, the name Paenibacillus cucumis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CO 4-7T (=KACC 17444T=JCM 19515T).

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Isolation of Paenibacillus pinesoli sp. nov. from Forest Soil in Gyeonggi-Do, Korea: Jeongsuk Moon , Jaisoo Kim; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(4):273-277. Published online March 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3622-2

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Abstract

Using a new culture method for unculturable soil bacteria, strain NB5T was isolated from forest soil at Kyonggi University, and characterized taxonomically on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics. The novel strain was a Gram- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, which grew in the pH range 6.0–9.5 (optimum, 6.5–9.5) and at temperatures between 15°C and 45°C (optimum, 25–40°C). Growth was possible at 0–5% NaCl (optimum, 0% to 3%) in nutrient, Luria-Bertani, and trypticase soy broths (TSB), as well as R2A medium (with optimal growth in TSB). A phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated with the genus Paenibacillus and had 96.8% and 96.5% similarity to P. nanensis MX2-3T and P. agaridevorans DSM 1355T, respectively. The predominant menaquinone in NB5T was MK-7; the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0; and the DNA G+C content was 54.5 mol%. We propose this strain as a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, and suggest the name Paenibacillus pinesoli sp. nov. (type strain, KACC 17472T =KEMB 9005-025T =JCM 19203T).

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Paenibacillus swuensis sp. nov., a Bacterium Isolated from Soil: Jae-Jin Lee , Da-Hye Yang , Ye-Sil Ko , Jae-Kyoung Park , Eun-Young Im , Ju-Yeon Kim , Ka-Young Kwon , Yu-Jung Lee , Hyung-Mi Kim , Myung Kyum Kim; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(2):106-110. Published online February 1, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3546-x

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Abstract

Strain DY6T, a Gram-positive endospore-forming motile rodshaped bacterium, was isolated from soil in South Korea and characterized to determine its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DY6T revealed that strain DY6T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus in the family Paenibacillaceae in the class Bacilli. The highest degree of sequence similarities of strain DY6T were found with Paenibacillus gansuensis B518T (97.9%), P. chitinolyticus IFO 15660T (95.3%), P. chinjuensis WN9T (94.7%), and P. rigui WPCB173T (94.7%). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (38.7%) and C16:0 (18.0%). A complex polar lipid profile consisted of major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. Based on these phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic data, strain DY6T (=KCTC 33026T =JCM 18491T) should be classified as a type strain of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus swuensis sp. nov. is proposed.

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Paenibacillus albidus sp. nov., isolated from grassland soil
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Paenibacillus marinisediminis sp. nov., a Bacterium Isolated from Marine Sediment: Hae-Won Lee , Seong Woon Roh , Kyung June Yim , Na-Ri Shin , Jina Lee , Tae Woong Whon , Joon Yong Kim , Dong-Wook Hyun , Daekyung Kim , Jin-Woo Bae; J. Microbiol. 2013;51(3):312-317. Published online June 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-3198-2

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Abstract: A Gram-negative, nonmotile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain LHW35T, which belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, was isolated from marine sediment collected from the south coast of the Republic of Korea. A phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain LHW35T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taiwanensis G-soil-2-3T (97.2% similarity). The optimal growth conditions for strain LHW35T were 37°C, pH 6.0, and 0% (w/v) NaCl. The main isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the major polyamine was spermidine. The diamino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and C16:0. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified aminohospholipids, unidentified phospholipids, and unidentified polar lipids. A DNA-DNA hybridization experiment using the type strain of P. taiwanensis indicated <40% relatedness. The DNA G+C content was 45.0 mol%. Based on these phylogenetic, genomic, and phenotypic analyses, strain LHW35T should be classified as a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus marinisediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LHW35T (=KACC 16317T =JCM 17886T).

Paenibacillus xylaniclasticus sp. nov., a Xylanolytic-Cellulolytic Bacterium Isolated from Sludge in an Anaerobic Digester: Chakrit Tachaapaikoon , Somboon Tanasupawat , Patthra Pason , Somphit Sornyotha , Rattiya Waeonukul , Khin Lay Kyu , Khanok Ratanakhanokchai; J. Microbiol. 2012;50(3):394-400. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-1480-3

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Abstract: A mesophilic, facultative, anaerobic, xylanolytic-cellulolytic bacterium, TW1T, was isolated from sludge in an anaerobic digester fed with pineapple waste. Cells stained Gram-positive, were spore-forming, and had the morphology of straight to slightly curved rods. Growth was observed in the temperature range of 30 to 50°C (optimum 37°C) and the pH range of 6.0 to 7.5 (optimum pH 7.0) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone with seven isoprene units (MK-7). Anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0, and C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids. The G+C content of the DNA was 49.5 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA showed that strain TW1T belonged within the genus Paenibacillus and was closely related to Paenibacillus cellulosilyticus LMG 22232T, P. curdlanolyticus KCTC 3759T, and P. kobensis KCTC 3761T with 97.7, 97.5, and 97.3% sequence similarity, respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization values between the isolate and type strains of P. cellulosilyticus LMG 22232T, P. curdlanolyticus KCTC 3759T, and P. kobensis KCTC 3761T were found to be 18.6, 18.3, and 18.0%, respectively. The protein and xylanase patterns of strain TW1T were quite different from those of the type strains of closely related Paenibacillus species. On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic analyses, phylogenetic data and the enzymatic pattern presented in this study, strain TW1T should be classified as a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus xylaniclasticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TW1T (=NBRC 106381T =KCTC 13719T =TISTR 1914T).

Isolation and Identification of Lipopeptide Antibiotics from Paenibacillus elgii B69 with Inhibitory Activity Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Rui Ding , Xue-Chang Wu , Chao-Dong Qian , Yi Teng , Ou Li , Zha-Jun Zhan , Yu-Hua Zhao; J. Microbiol. 2011;49(6):942-949. Published online December 28, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1153-7

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Abstract: Two lipopeptide antibiotics, pelgipeptins C and D, were isolated from Paenibacillus elgii B69 strain. The molecular masses of the two compounds were both determined to be 1,086 Da. Mass-spectrometry, amino acid analysis and NMR spectroscopy indicated that pelgipeptin C was the same compound as BMY-28160, while pelgipeptin D was identified as a new antibiotic of the polypeptin family. These two peptides were active against all the tested microorganisms, including antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacterial strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Time-kill assays demonstrated that pelgipeptin D exhibited rapid and effective bactericidal action against MRSA at 4×MIC. Based on acute toxicity test, the intraperitoneal LD50 value of pelgipeptin D was slightly higher than that of the structurally related antimicrobial agent polymyxin B. Pelgipeptins are highly potent antibacterial and antifungal agents, particularly against MRSA, and warrant further investigation as possible therapeutic agents for bacteria infections resistant to currently available antibiotics.

Paenibacillus telluris sp. nov., a Novel Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacterium Isolated from Soil: Jae-Chan Lee , Chang-Jin Kim , Ki-Hong Yoon; J. Microbiol. 2011;49(4):617-621. Published online September 2, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0471-0

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Abstract: A phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strain designated PS38T was isolated from farm soil. The isolate was a Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium. It grew optimally at 37oC and pH 7.5. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, and iso-C16:0. The DNA G+C content was 49.5 mol% and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain PS38T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus chibensis JCM 9905T, P. barengoltzii SAFN-016T, P. timonensis 2301032T, and P. motobuensis MC10T with 96.3%, 96.0%, 95.9%, and 95.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic, physiological, and phylogenetic properties, strain PS38T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus telluris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PS38T (=KCTC 13946T =CGMCC 1.10695T).

Paenibacillus pini sp. nov., a Cellulolytic Bacterium Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Pine Tree: Byung-Chun Kim , Kang Hyun Lee , Mi Na Kim , Eun-Mi Kim , Sung Ran Min , Hyun Soon Kim , Kee-Sun Shin; J. Microbiol. 2009;47(6):699-704. Published online February 4, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-009-0343-z

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Abstract: Strain S22T, a novel cellulolytic bacterium was isolated from the rhizosphere of pine trees. This isolate was Gram-reaction positive, motile and rods, and formed terminal or subterminal ellipsoidal spores. S22T represented positive activity for catalase, oxidase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), β-galactosidase, leucine arylamidase, and hydrolysis of esculin. It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (52.9%), iso-C16:0 (11.3%), and iso-C15:0 (10.0%). The DNA G+C content was 43.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this isolate belonged to the family Paenibacillaceae. S22T exhibited less than 97.0% 16S rRNA gene similarity with all relative type strains in the genus Paenibacillus, and the most closely related strains were Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21T and Paenibacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1638T, with equal similarities of 95.8%. This polyphasic evidence suggested that strain S22T should be considered a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name, Paenibacillus pini sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is S22T (=KCTC 13694T =KACC 14198T =JCM 16418T)

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