Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

Reduction of selenite to elemental Se(0) with simultaneous degradation of phenol by co-cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Delftia lacustris: Samayita Chakraborty , Eldon R. Rene , Piet N. L. Lens; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(9):738-747. Published online August 3, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9042-6

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The simultaneous removal of phenol and selenite from synthetic wastewater was investigated by adopting two different co-culturing techniques using the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium and the bacterium Delftia lacustris. Separately grown biomass of the fungus and the bacterium (suspended co-culture) was incubated with different concentrations of phenol (0–1,200 mg/L) and selenite (10 mg/L). The selenite ions were biologically reduced to extracellular Se(0) nanoparticles (3.58 nm diameter) with the simultaneous degradation of up to 800 mg/L of phenol. Upon growing the fungus and the bacterium together using an attached growth co-culture, the bacterium grew as a biofilm onto the fungus. The extracellularly produced Se(0) in the attached growth co-culture had a minimum diameter of 58.5 nm. This co-culture was able to degrade completely 50 mg/L phenol, but was completely inhibited at a phenol concentration of 200 mg/L.

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Gene Expression Analysis of Phanerochaete chrysosporium During the Transition Time from Primary Growth to Secondary Metabolism: Mingfeng Jiang , Xiao Li , Liang Zhang , Hong Feng , Yizheng Zhang; J. Microbiol. 2009;47(3):308-318. Published online June 26, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0275-z

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Abstract: In order to identify the secondary metabolism-related genes of Phanerochaete chrysosporium growing under pure O2 and nitrogen-limited conditions, 2322 ESTs fragments originated from two suppression-subtractive libraries were analyzed using the cDNA microarray technique. Ten significantly upregulated and 22 significantly downregulated genes were identified in the 72 h cultured mycelia RNA samples (secondary metabolism). According to qPCR, 16 out of the 32 genes were expressed differently in secondary metabolism. Transcripts of secondary metabolism up-regulation genes exhibited homologies to aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (SSh1554), ABC transporter gene (SSH624), chitinase (SSH963), heat shock protein (SSH1193), catalase (SSH317), cytochrome P450 (SSH331), glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase (SSH611), and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (SSH362) genes. Ninety-three genes could be classified by Eukaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG). Among the genes assigned a function, gene expression patterns were different in both secondary metabolism and primary metabolism. In the group of “Cellular Processes and Signaling,” most of the genes were from the primary metabolism library. On the other hand, genes from the secondary metabolism library were found mainly in the “Information Storage” and “Processing and Poorly Characterized” groups. Based on the KOG functional assignments, six genes belong to the ubiquitin system, and all of them were from primary metabolism phase. The presence of the H2O2-relevant genes suggested that parts of the genes expressed in 72 h might be involved in the ligninolytic process during secondary metabolism of P. chrysosporium.

Estrogenic Reduction of Styrene Monomer Degraded by Phanerochaete chrysosporium KFRI 20742: Jae-Won Lee , Soo-Min Lee , Eui-Ju Hong , Eui-Bae Jeung , Ha-Young Kang , Myung-Kil Kim , In-Gyu Choi; J. Microbiol. 2006;44(2):177-184.; DOI: https://doi.org/2367 [pii]

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Abstract: The characteristic biodegradation of monomeric styrene by Phanerochaete chrysosporium KFRI 20742, Trametes versicolor KFRI 20251 and Daldinia concentrica KFRI 40-1 was carried out to examine the resistance, its degradation efficiency and metabolites analysis. The estrogenic reduction effect of styrene by the fungi was also evaluated. The mycelium growth of fungi differentiated depending on the concentration levels of styrene. Additionally P. chrysosporium KFRI 20742 showed superior mycelium growth at less than 200 mg/l, while D. concentrica KFRI 40-1 was more than 200 mg/l. The degradation efficiency reached 99% during one day of incubation for all the fungi. Both manganese-dependent peroxidase and laccase activities in liquid medium were the highest at the initial stage of incubation, whereas the lowest was after the addition of styrene. However, both activities were gradually recovered after. The major metabolites of styrene by P. chrysosporium KFRI 20742 were 2-phenyl ethanol, benzoic acid, cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, butanol and succinic acid. From one to seven days of incubating the fungi, the expression of pS2 mRNA widely known as an estrogen response gene was decreased down to the level of baseline after one day. Also, the estrogenic effect of styrene completely disappeared after treatment with supernatant of P. chrysosporium KFRI 20742 from one week of culture down to the levels of vehicle.

Degradation of Gaseous BTX by Biofiltration with Phanerochaete chrysosporium: Oh, Young Sook , Choi, Sung Chan , Kim, Yeong Kwan; J. Microbiol. 1998;36(1):34-38.

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Abstract: Biodegradation of benzene, toluene, and o-, m-, p-xylenes(BTX) by the white rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium was studied in a biofilter. P. chrysosporium was cultured under shaking conditions on YMG growth medium and homogenized pre-grown cells were transferred to biofilter. A preliminary batch culture experiment showed that all BTX components were degraded simultaneously without any observable substrate interactions, while the rate constant was the highest for p-xylene and lowest for benzene. For the biofiltration of the BTX, the BTX compounds were individually vaporized from 3 glass bottles containing benzene, toluene, and xylenes, respectively, by applying air flow. The vaporized fluxes of the compounds were immediately taken by the air current to the biofilter through the horizontal tube at the rim of the source other than the pollutants themselves. The effect of air flow rate (0.026~0.450 l/h) on the degradation of the compounds was evaluated in the biofilter packed with glass beads. A substantially higher degradation of all the BTX compounds was observed at higher flow rates, suggesting that mass transfer is a limiting factor in the degradation process. At a flow rate of 0.026l/h, there was no substantial difference in the extent of degradation between the two support media.

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