Journal Articles
- Biosynthesis of Chryseno[2,1,c]oxepin‑12‑Carboxylic Acid from Glycyrrhizic Acid in Aspergillus terreus TMZ05‑2, and Analysis of Its Anti‑inflammatory Activity
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Liangliang Chen , Lin Zhao , Ju Han , Ping Xiao , Mingzhe Zhao , Sen Zhang , Jinao Duan
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J. Microbiol. 2024;62(2):113-124. Published online February 27, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00105-4
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Abstract
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Glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, and their oxo, ester, lactone, and other derivatives, are known for their anti-inflammatory,
anti-oxidant, and hypoglycemic pharmacological activities. In this study, chryseno[2,1-c]oxepin-12-carboxylic acid
(MG) was first biosynthesized from glycyrrhizic acid through sequential hydrolysis, oxidation, and esterification using
Aspergillus terreus TMZ05-2, providing a novel in vitro biosynthetic pathway for glycyrrhizic acid derivatives. Assessing
the influence of fermentation conditions and variation of strains during culture under stress-induction strategies enhanced
the final molar yield to 88.3% (5 g/L glycyrrhizic acid). CCK8 assays showed no cytotoxicity and good cell proliferation,
and anti-inflammatory experiments demonstrated strong inhibition of NO release (36.3%, low-dose MG vs. model), transcriptional
downregulation of classical effective cellular factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; 72.2%, low-dose MG vs.
model), interleukin-6 (IL-6; 58.3%, low-dose MG vs. model) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β; 76.4%, low-dose MG vs. model),
and decreased abundance of P-IKK-α, P-IKB-α, and P-P65 proteins, thereby alleviating inflammatory responses through
the NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The findings provide a reference for the biosynthesis of lactone compounds
from medicinal plants.
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- Effect of different crosslinking agents on carboxymethyl chitosan-glycyrrhizic acid hydrogel: Characterization and biological activities comparison
Yinbing Wu, Zimin Gu, Tingting Chen, Duntao Zu, Yuhui Gan, Honglin Chen, Jianni Yang, Xin Yu, Huaihong Cai, Pinghua Sun, Jianying Ning, Haibo Zhou, Junxia Zheng
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2025; 298: 139977. CrossRef - New oxepin and dihydrobenzofuran derivatives from Bauhinia saccocalyx roots and their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities
Lueacha Tabtimmai, Thanyathon Phonchan, Natrinee Thongprik, Sutin Kaennakam, Nuttapon Yodsin, Kiattawee Choowongkomon, Chanikan Sonklin, Supachai Jadsadajerm, Awat Wisetsai
Journal of Natural Medicines.2025;[Epub] CrossRef -
Efficient directional biosynthesis of isoquercitrin from quercetin by
Bacillus subtilis
CD-2 and its anti-inflammatory activity
Ju Han, Jingru Ma, Ruiqi He, Fan Yang, Jingyi Meng, Jiaqi Liu, Fanxing Shi, Jinao Duan, Liangliang Chen, Sen Zhang
Natural Product Research.2024; : 1. CrossRef
- Potential Use of Mycobacterium paragordonae for Antimycobacterial Drug Screening Systems
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Ga-Yeong Cha , Hyejun Seo , Jaehun Oh , Byoung-Jun Kim , Bum-Joon Kim
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J. Microbiol. 2023;61(1):121-129. Published online January 31, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-00009-1
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63
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Abstract
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Our recent genome-based study indicated that Mycobacterium paragordonae (Mpg) has evolved to become more adapted to
an intracellular lifestyle within free-living environmental amoeba and its enhanced intracellular survival within Acanthamoeba
castellanii was also proved. Here, we sought to investigate potential use of Mpg for antimycobacterial drug screening
systems. Our data showed that Mpg is more susceptible to various antibiotics compared to the close species M. marinum
(Mmar) and M. gordonae, further supporting its intracellular lifestyle in environments, which would explain its protection
from environmental insults. In addition, we developed two bacterial whole-cell-based drug screening systems using a
recombinant Mpg stain harboring a luciferase reporter vector (rMpg-LuxG13): one for direct application to rMpg-LuxG13
and the other for drug screening via the interaction of rMpg-LuxG13 with A. castellanii. Direct application to rMpg-LuxG13
showed lower inhibitory concentration 50 (
IC50) values of rifampin, isoniazid, clarithromycin, and ciprofloxacin against
Mpg compared to Mmar. Application of drug screening system via the interaction of rMpg-LuxG13 with A. castellanii also
exhibited lower IC50
values for rifampin against Mpg compared to Mmar. In conclusion, our data indicate that Mpg is more
susceptible to various antibiotics than other strains. In addition, our data also demonstrate the feasibility of two whole cellbased
drug screening systems using rMpg-LuxG13 strain for the discovery of novel anti-mycobacterial drugs.
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- Mycobacterium paragordonae: Insights into its Research Progress and Potential Applications
Hyejun Seo, Ju-Young Lee, Bum-Joon Kim
Journal of Bacteriology and Virology.2024; 54(4): 273. CrossRef - Protection against tuberculosis achieved by dissolving microneedle patches loaded with live Mycobacterium paragordonae in a BCG prime-boost strategy
Mi-Hyun Lee, Hyejun Seo, Moon-Su Lee, Byoung Jun Kim, Hye Lin Kim, Du Hyung Lee, Jaehun Oh, Ju Yeop Shin, Ju Young Jin, Do Hyeon Jeong, Bum-Joon Kim
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
- [PROTOCOL] Determination of protein phosphorylation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
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Chang-Ro Lee , Young-Ha Park , Huitae Min , Yeon-Ran Kim , Yeong-Jae Seok
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J. Microbiol. 2019;57(2):93-100. Published online January 31, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9021-y
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42
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37
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37
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Abstract
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Phosphorylation is the most important modification for protein
regulation; it controls many signal transduction pathways
in all organisms. While several tools to detect phosphorylated
proteins have been developed to study a variety
of basic cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation,
these methods have several limitations. Many proteins
exhibit a phosphorylation-dependent electrophoretic mobility
shift (PDEMS) in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the molecular mechanism
responsible for this phenomenon has been elucidated
recently. The method for detecting phosphorylated proteins
can be simplified by the application of the PDEMS. Herein,
we present a novel simple method to detect protein phosphorylation,
which is based on the construction of a variant
protein displaying a PDEMS. The PDEMS of proteins is
caused by the distribution of negatively charged amino acids
around the phosphorylation site, i.e. an electrophoretic mobility
shift (EMS)-related motif (ΘX1-3ΘX1-3Θ, where Θ corresponds
to an acidic or phosphorylated amino acid and X
represents any amino acid). The EMS-related motif can be
constructed by the introduction of a negative charge by phosphorylation;
it results in the decreased binding of SDS to
the proteins, consequently inducing the retardation of the
mobility of the protein during SDS-PAGE. Based on these
molecular analyses of the PDEMS, a protein with the EMSrelated
motif is designed and used to determine the in vivo
phosphorylation state of the protein. This method may be
used as a general strategy to easily measure the ratio of protein
phosphorylation in cells.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

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Experimental Cell Research.2024; 440(1): 114133. CrossRef - Methods optimization for the expression and purification of human calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha
Scott C. Bolton, David H. Thompson, Tamara L. Kinzer-Ursem, Jian Xu
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(1): e0285651. CrossRef - The effect of swelling/deswelling cycles on the mechanical behaviors of the polyacrylamide hydrogels
Rong Huang, Zishun Liu
Polymer.2024; 312: 127634. CrossRef - Isoforms of the cytoskeletal lim-domain protein zyxin in the early embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis
E. D. Ivanova, E. A. Parshina, A. G. Zaraisky, N. Y. Martynova
Биоорганическая химия.2024; 50(3): 287. CrossRef - Reduced liver damage and fibrosis with combined SCD Probiotics and intermittent fasting in aged rat
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Sakarya University Journal of Science.2023; 27(3): 504. CrossRef - Structural analysis and functional evaluation of the disordered ß–hexosyltransferase region from Hamamotoa (Sporobolomyces) singularis
Suzanne F. Dagher, Asmita Vaishnav, Christopher B. Stanley, Flora Meilleur, Brian F. P. Edwards, José M. Bruno-Bárcena
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Phosphorylation of axin within biomolecular condensates counteracts its tankyrase-mediated degradation
Katharina Klement, Martina Brückner, Dominic B. Bernkopf
Journal of Cell Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - SCD Probiotics mitigate cafeteria diet‐induced liver damage in Wistar rats during development
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Taha Ceylani, Hikmet Taner Teker, Seda Keskin, Gizem Samgane, Eda Acikgoz, Rafig Gurbanov
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine.2023; 27(18): 2804. CrossRef - Highly sensitive photoelectrochemical and electrochemical dual-mode biosensing of polynucleotide kinase based on multifunctional BiOBr0.8I0.2 /CuSCN composite and biocatalytic precipitation
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Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.2023; 388: 133818. CrossRef - Phosphorylation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Dss1 mediates direct binding to the ubiquitin‐ligase Dma1 in vitro
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Protein Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Revisiting the multisite phosphorylation that produces the M-phase supershift of key mitotic regulators
Tan Tan, Chuanfen Wu, Boye Liu, Bih-Fang Pan, David H. Hawke, Zehao Su, Shuaishuai Liu, Wei Zhang, Ruoning Wang, Sue-Hwa Lin, Jian Kuang, Claire Walczak
Molecular Biology of the Cell.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Estandarización de un extracto metanólico de cebolla roja para la detección de proteínas fosforiladas en sds-page
Erika Rodríguez-Cavallo, Karen Arrieta Vergel, Isis Gaviria Figueroa, Albeiro Marrugo-Padilla , Darío Méndez-Cuadro
Revista Productos Naturales.2022; 5(2): 154. CrossRef - Small Molecule Arranged Thermal Proximity Coaggregation (smarTPCA)—A Novel Approach to Characterize Protein–Protein Interactions in Living Cells by Similar Isothermal Dose–Responses
Thomas Lenz, Kai Stühler
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(10): 5605. CrossRef - Phosphoproteome Analysis Using Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis Coupled with Chemical Dephosphorylation
Raquel Rodríguez-Vázquez, Daniel Mouzo, Carlos Zapata
Foods.2022; 11(19): 3119. CrossRef - Iodine excess induces hepatic, renal and pancreatic injury in female mice as determined by attenuated total reflection Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry
Yang Guo, Chunhui Hu, Bintong Xia, Xianwen Zhou, Sihan Luo, Ruijia Gan, Peng Duan, Yan Tan
Journal of Applied Toxicology.2022; 42(4): 600. CrossRef - Level of constitutively expressed BMAL1 affects the robustness of circadian oscillations
Apirada Padlom, Daisuke Ono, Rio Hamashima, Yuko Furukawa, Takashi Yoshimura, Taeko Nishiwaki-Ohkawa
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Long-term mitochondrial stress induces early steps of Tau aggregation by increasing reactive oxygen species levels and affecting cellular proteostasis
Lukasz Samluk, Piotr Ostapczuk, Magdalena Dziembowska, Martin Ott
Molecular Biology of the Cell.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Evidence for reciprocal evolution of the global repressor Mlc and its cognate phosphotransferase system sugar transporter
Ji‐Hee Yoon, Min‐Seung Jeon, Seong‐il Eyun, Yeong‐Jae Seok
Environmental Microbiology.2022; 24(1): 122. CrossRef - Cloning, expression, solubilization, and purification of a functionally active recombinant cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit-like protein PKAC1 from Trypanosoma equiperdum
Alberto Guevara, Cristina Lugo, Alejandro J. Montilla, Maritza Calabokis, Joilyneth Ferreira, Juan Carlos Martínez, José Bubis
Protein Expression and Purification.2022; 192: 106041. CrossRef - Phosphotransferase system sugars immediately induce mutations of Cra in an Escherichia coli ptsH mutant
Huitae Min, Yeong‐Jae Seok
Environmental Microbiology.2022; 24(11): 5425. CrossRef - Purification and Characterization of Mannanase from Aspergillus awamori for Fruit Juice Clarification
Ikram ul Haq, Sheeba Shakoor, Ali Nawaz, Yesra Arshad , Hamid Mukhtar
Protein & Peptide Letters.2021; 28(4): 459. CrossRef - Preparation of luminescent silica nanoparticles with immobilized metal ion affinity for labeling phosphorylated proteins in Western Blot
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Review
- REVIEW] Hgc1-Cdc28–how much does a single protein kinase do in the regulation of hyphal development in Candida albicans?
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Yue Wang
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J. Microbiol. 2016;54(3):170-177. Published online February 27, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-5550-9
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Abstract
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The fungal human pathogen Candida albicans can cause invasive
infection with high mortality rates. A key virulence
factor is its ability to switch between three morphologies:
yeast, pseudohyphae and hyphae. In contrast to the ovalshaped
unicellular yeast cells, hyphae are highly elongated,
tube-like, and multicellular. A long-standing question is what
coordinates all the cellular machines to construct cells with
distinct shapes. Hyphal-specific genes (HSGs) are thought
to hold the answer. Among the numerous HSGs found, only
UME6 and HGC1 are required for hyphal development.
UME6 encodes a transcription factor that regulates many
HSGs including HGC1. HGC1 encodes a G1 cyclin which
partners with the Cdc28 cyclin-dependent kinase. Hgc1-
Cdc28 simultaneously phosphorylates and regulates multiple
substrates, thus controlling multiple cellular apparatuses for
morphogenesis. This review is focused on major progresses
made in the past decade on Hgc1’s roles and regulation in
C. albicans hyphal development and other traits important
for infection.
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Citations
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Systematic analysis of the
Candida albicans
kinome reveals environmentally contingent protein kinase-mediated regulation of filamentation and biofilm formation
in vitro
and
in vivo
Juraj Kramara, Min-Ju Kim, Tomye L. Ollinger, Laura C. Ristow, Rohan S. Wakade, Robert Zarnowski, Melanie Wellington, David R. Andes, Aaron G. Mitchell, Damian J. Krysan, Judith Berman
mBio.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Hgc1 Independence of Biofilm Hyphae in Candida albicans
Anupam Sharma, Norma V. Solis, Manning Y. Huang, Frederick Lanni, Scott G. Filler, Aaron P. Mitchell, Yong-Sun Bahn
mBio.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Strain variation in gene expression impact of hyphal cyclin Hgc1 in Candida albicans
Anupam Sharma, Aaron P Mitchell, J Berman
G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef -
Use of the Iron-Responsive
RBT5
Promoter for Regulated Expression in Candida albicans
Yinhe Mao, Norma V. Solis, Anupam Sharma, Max V. Cravener, Scott G. Filler, Aaron P. Mitchell, Michael Lorenz
mSphere.2022;[Epub] CrossRef -
Systematic Metabolic Profiling Identifies
De Novo
Sphingolipid Synthesis as Hypha Associated and Essential for Candida albicans Filamentation
Enrico Garbe, Franziska Gerwien, Dominik Driesch, Tina Müller, Bettina Böttcher, Markus Gräler, Slavena Vylkova, Manuel Liebeke
mSystems.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - The Antimicrobial Peptide AMP-17 Derived from Musca domestica Inhibits Biofilm Formation and Eradicates Mature Biofilm in Candida albicans
Chaoqin Sun, Xinyu Zhao, Zhenglong Jiao, Jian Peng, Luoxiong Zhou, Longbing Yang, Mingjiao Huang, Chunren Tian, Guo Guo
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Kyunghun Min, Thomas F. Jannace, Haoyu Si, Krishna R. Veeramah, John D. Haley, James B. Konopka, Joachim Morschhäuser
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Rohan S. Wakade, Laura C. Ristow, Mark A. Stamnes, Anuj Kumar, Damian J. Krysan, James W. Kronstad
mBio.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - The regulation of hyphae growth in Candida albicans
Hui Chen, Xuedong Zhou, Biao Ren, Lei Cheng
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Chunhua Mu, Chaoying Pan, Qi Han, Qizheng Liu, Yue Wang, Jianli Sang
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Fatmah M. Alqahtani, Brock A. Arivett, Zachary E. Taylor, Scott T. Handy, Anthony L. Farone, Mary B. Farone, Shankar Thangamani
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Kyunghun Min, Shamoon Naseem, James B. Konopka
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Zhangyong Song
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Priyanka Ghorai, Mohammad Irfan, Alka Narula, Asis Datta
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
- Phosphorylation of the nucleocapsid protein of Hantaan virus by casein kinase II
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Jeong-Joong Yoon , Yun-Tai Lee , Hin Chu , Seung-yeol Son , Manbok Kim
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J. Microbiol. 2015;53(5):343-347. Published online May 3, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5095-3
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Abstract
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Hantaanvirus (HTNV) is the prototype of the genus Hantavirus,
which belongs to the family Bunyaviridae. Hantaviruses
are carried and transmitted by rodents and are known to
cause two serious disease syndromes in humans i.e., hemorrhagic
fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and the hantavirus
pulmonary syndrome (HPS). HTNV is an enveloped
virus that contains a tripartite genome consisting of three
negative-sense RNA segments (L, M, S), and the S and M
segment of HTNV, respectively, encode the viral nucleocapsid
protein (NP) and envelope glycoproteins. Possible
phosphorylation motifs of casein kinase II (CKII) and protein
kinase C (PKC) were identified in HTNV NP through
bioinformatics searches. Sucrose gradient SDS-PAGE analysis
indicated that dephosphorylated HTNV NP migrated
faster than non-dephosphorylated NP, suggesting that HTNV
NP is phosphorylated in infected Vero E6 cells. Immunoblot
anaylsis of HTNV particles with anti-phosphoserine antibody
and anti-phosphothreonine antibody after immunoprecipitation
showed that viral particles are readily phosphorylated
at threonine residues. In vitro kinase assay further
showed that HTNV NP is phosphorylated by CK II,
but not by PKC. Full length or truncated HTNV NPs expressed
in E. coli were phosphorylated in vitro by CKII suggesting
that phosphorylation may occur in vivo at multiple
sites. Site specific mutagenesis studies suggest that HTNV
NP phosphorylation might occur at unknown sites excluding
the site-directly mutagenized locations. Taken together,
HTNV NP can be phosphorylated mainly at threonine residues
in vivo by CK II treatment.
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- Protein kinase CK2: a potential therapeutic target for diverse human diseases
Christian Borgo, Claudio D’Amore, Stefania Sarno, Mauro Salvi, Maria Ruzzene
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Unique Interferon Pathway Regulation by the Andes Virus Nucleocapsid Protein Is Conferred by Phosphorylation of Serine 386
Matthew J. Simons, Elena E. Gorbunova, Erich R. Mackow, Susana López
Journal of Virology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
- Phosphorylation Regulates Mycobacterial Proteasome
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Tripti Anandan , Jaeil Han , Heather Baun , Seeta Nyayapathy , Jacob T. Brown , Rebekah L. Dial , Juan A. Moltalvo , Min-Seon Kim , Seung Hwan Yang , Donald R. Ronning , Robert N. Husson , Joowon Suh , Choong-Min Kang
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J. Microbiol. 2014;52(9):743-754. Published online September 2, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4416-2
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50
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Abstract
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis possesses a proteasome system that is required for the microbe to resist elimination by the host immune system. Despite the importance of the proteasome in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, the molecular mechanisms by which proteasome activity is controlled remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the α-subunit (PrcA) of the M. tuberculosis proteasome is phosphorylated by the PknB kinase at three threonine residues (T84, T202, and T178) in a sequential manner. Furthermore, the proteasome with phosphorylated PrcA enhances the degradation of Ino1, a known proteasomal substrate, suggesting that PknB regulates the proteolytic activity of the proteasome. Previous studies showed that depletion of the proteasome and the proteasome- associated proteins decreases resistance to reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNIs) but increases resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Here we show that PknA phosphorylation of unprocessed proteasome β-subunit (pre-PrcB) and α-subunit reduces the assembly of the proteasome complex and thereby enhances the mycobacterial resistance to H2O2 and that H2O2 stress diminishes the formation of the proteasome complex in a PknA-dependent manner. These findings indicate that phosphorylation of the M. tuberculosis proteasome not only modulates proteolytic activity of the proteasome, but also affects the proteasome complex formation contributing to the survival of M. tuberculosis under oxidative stress conditions.
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Sung Chang Nam , Hyeran Sung , Seung Hye Kang , Jin Young Joo , Soo Jae Lee , Yeon Bok Chung , Chong-Kil Lee , Sukgil Song
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Abstract
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In budding yeast, septin plays as a scaffold to recruits protein components and regulates crucial cellular events including bud site selection, bud morphogenesis, Cdc28 activation pathway, and cytokinesis. Phosphorylation of Bni5 isolated as a suppressor for septin defect is essential to Swe1-dependent regulation of bud morphogenesis and mitotic entry. The mechanism by which Bni5 regulates normal septin function is not completely understood. Here, we provide evidence that Bni5 phosphorylation is important for interaction with septin component Cdc11 and for timely delocalization from septin filament at late mitosis. Phosphorylation-deficient bni5-4A was synthetically lethal with hof1Δ. bni5-4A cells had defective structure of septin ring and connected cell morphology, indicative of defects in cytokinesis. Two-hybrid analysis revealed that bni5-4A has a defect in direct interaction with Cdc11 and Cdc12. GFP-tagged bni5-4A was normally localized at mother-bud neck of budded cells before middle of mitosis. In contrast, at large-budded telophase cells, bni5-4A-GFP was defective in localization and disappeared from the neck approximately 2 min earlier than that of wild type, as evidenced by time-lapse analysis. Therefore, earlier delocalization of bni5-4A from septin filament is consistent with phosphorylation-dependent interaction with the septin component. These results suggest that timely delocalization of Bni5 by phosphorylation is important for septin function and regulation of cytokinesis.
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Su-Jin Jeong , Hye-Jin Kim , Yong-Jin Yang , Ja-Hwan Seol , Bo-Young Jung , Jeong-Whan Han , Hyang-Woo Lee , Eun-Jung Cho
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J. Microbiol. 2005;43(6):516-522.
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DOI: https://doi.org/2296 [pii]
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Abstract
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The phosphorylation of C-terminal domain (CTD) of Rpb1p, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II plays an important role in transcription and the coupling of various cellular events to transcription. In this study, its role in DNA damage response is closely examined in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, focusing specifically on several transcription factors that mediate or respond to the phosphorylation of the CTD. CTDK-1, the pol II CTD kinase, FCP1, the CTD phosphatase, ESS1, the CTD phosphorylation dependent cis-trans isomerase, and RSP5, the phosphorylation dependent pol II ubiquitinating enzyme, were chosen for the study. We determined that the CTD phosphorylation of CTD, which occurred predominantly at serine 2 within a heptapeptide repeat, was enhanced in response to a variety of sources of DNA damage. This modification was shown to be mediated by CTDK-1. Although mutations in ESS1 or FCP1 caused cells to become quite sensitive to DNA damage, the characteristic pattern of CTD phosphorylation remained unaltered, thereby implying that ESS1 and FCP1 play roles downstream of CTD phosphorylation in response to DNA damage. Our data suggest that the location or extent of CTD phosphorylation might be altered in response to DNA damage, and that the modified CTD, ESS1, and FCP1 all contribute to cellular survival in such conditions.
- Stage-specific change and regulation of endogenous protein phosphorylation in allomyces macrogynus
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Park, Young Shik , Oh, Keun Hee , Lee, Soo Woong , Seong, Chang Soo , Park, I Ha , Yim, Jeong Bin
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J. Microbiol. 1996;34(4):374-378.
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Abstract
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In the aquatic fungus Allomyces macrogynus the effects of Ca^2+ and cAMP on the intracellular signal transduction of zeoospore germination were studied using in vitro protein phosphorylation assay system. An endogenuously phosphorylated protein (p50) having molecular weight of 50 kDa on SDS-PAGE was found in soluble fractions of both zeoospore and mycelium. In zoospore extract, the endogenous phophorylation of p50 was weak without any effectors, but was enhanced by Ca^2+ and even more by cAMP. Phosphorylation of the same protein in mycelial extract was high only in the absence of cAMP. Irrespective of the presence of Ca^2+ and cAMP, its phosphorylation was antagonistically suppressed in assay of combined zoospore and mycelial extracts. These results suggest that p50 is interconvertible in phosphorylation/dephosphorylation as a novel protein involved in germination of A. macrogynus. The antagonistic effect of cAMP to the phosphorylation of p50s from different developmental stages may be important in the regulation of cellular differentiation.