Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Eradication of drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii by cell-penetrating peptide fused endolysin: Jeonghyun Lim , Jaeyeon Jang , Heejoon Myung , Miryoung Song; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(8):859-866. Published online May 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2107-y

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Antimicrobial agents targeting peptidoglycan have shown successful results in eliminating bacteria with high selective toxicity. Bacteriophage encoded endolysin as an alternative antibiotics is a peptidoglycan degrading enzyme with a low rate of resistance. Here, the engineered endolysin was developed to defeat multiple drug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii. First, putative endolysin PA90 was predicted by genome analysis of isolated Pseudomonas phage PBPA. The His-tagged PA90 was purified from BL21(DE3) pLysS and tested for the enzymatic activity using Gram-negative pathogens known for having a high antibiotic resistance rate including A. baumannii. Since the measured activity of PA90 was low, probably due to the outer membrane, cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) DS4.3 was introduced at the N-terminus of PA90 to aid access to its substrate. This engineered endolysin, DS-PA90, completely killed A. baumannii at 0.25 μM, at which concentration PA90 could only eliminate less than one log in CFU/ml. Additionally, DS-PA90 has tolerance to NaCl, where the ~50% of activity could be maintained in the presence of 150 mM NaCl, and stable activity was also observed with changes in pH or temperature. Even MDR A. baumannii strains were highly susceptible to DS-PA90 treatment: five out of nine strains were entirely killed and four strains were reduced by 3–4 log in CFU/ml. Consequently, DS-PA90 could protect waxworm from A. baumannii-induced death by ~70% for ATCC 17978 or ~44% for MDR strain 1656-2 infection. Collectively, our data suggest that CPP-fused endolysin can be an effective antibacterial agent against Gramnegative pathogens regardless of antibiotics resistance mechanisms.

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Bactericidal Effect of a Novel Phage Endolysin Targeting Multi-Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Sara Garcia Torres, Dirk Henrich, Rene D. Verboket, Ingo Marzi, Gernot Hahne, Volkhard A. J. Kempf, Stephan Göttig
Antibiotics.2025; 14(2): 162. CrossRef
In vitro and in vivo efficacy studies of an engineered endolysin targeting Gram-negative pathogens
Hye-Won Hong, Jaeyeon Jang, Young Deuk Kim, Tae-Hwan Jeong, Dogeun Lee, Kyungah Park, Min Soo Kim, In-Soo Yoon, Miryoung Song, Min-Duk Seo, Hyunjin Yoon, Daejin Lim, Heejoon Myung
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2025; 302: 140463. CrossRef
Endolysins and membrane-active peptides: innovative engineering strategies against gram-negative bacteria
Monika Wojciechowska
Frontiers in Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Bacteriophage therapy to combat MDR non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria causing nosocomial infections: recent progress and challenges
Sunil Kumar, Razique Anwer, Anil Sharma, Mukesh Yadav, Nirmala Sehrawat
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.2025; 398(11): 15037. CrossRef
In Vitro Antibacterial Efficacy of Recombinant Phage-Derived Endolysin LysTAC1 Against Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Inam Ullah, Song Cui, Qiulong Yan, Hayan Ullah, Shanshan Sha, Yufang Ma
Antibiotics.2025; 14(10): 975. CrossRef
Engineered Phages and Engineered and Recombinant Endolysins Against Carbapenem‐Resistant Gram‐Negative Bacteria: A Focused Review on Novel Antibacterial Strategies
Majid Taati Moghadam, Shaghayegh Shahkolahi, Israa A. Hashim, Shamsieh Asgharihajimahalleh, Ghazale Khodadadi, Fatemeh Moghbeli, Samira Sabzi, Shahla Shahbazi
Journal of Basic Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Outlooks of endolysins with innolysins therapeutic potentials against antimicrobial resistance
Misganu Yadesa Tesema
Discover Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Antimicrobial peptide thanatin fused endolysin PA90 (Tha-PA90) for the control of Acinetobacter baumannii infection in mouse model
Jeonghyun Lim, Heejoon Myung, Daejin Lim, Miryoung Song
Journal of Biomedical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Tissue damage alleviation and mucin inhibition by P5 in a respiratory infection mouse model with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Jun Hee Oh, Jonggwan Park, Hee Kyoung Kang, Hee Joo Park, Yoonkyung Park
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2024; 181: 117724. CrossRef
Potential of antimicrobial peptide-fused endolysin LysC02 as therapeutics for infections and disinfectants for food contact surfaces to control Cronobacter sakazakii
Doyeon Kim, Jinwoo Kim, Minsik Kim
Food Control.2024; 157: 110190. CrossRef
Gram-negative endolysins: overcoming the outer membrane obstacle
Hazel M Sisson, Simon A Jackson, Robert D Fagerlund, Suzanne L Warring, Peter C Fineran
Current Opinion in Microbiology.2024; 78: 102433. CrossRef
LysJEP8: A promising novel endolysin for combating multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria
Jose Vicente Carratalá, Neus Ferrer‐Miralles, Elena Garcia‐Fruitós, Anna Arís
Microbial Biotechnology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
You get what you test for: The killing effect of phage lysins is highly dependent on buffer tonicity and ionic strength
Roberto Vázquez, Diana Gutiérrez, Zoë Dezutter, Bjorn Criel, Philippe de Groote, Yves Briers
Microbial Biotechnology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Endolysins: a new antimicrobial agent against antimicrobial resistance. Strategies and opportunities in overcoming the challenges of endolysins against Gram-negative bacteria
Fazal Mehmood Khan, Fazal Rasheed, Yunlan Yang, Bin Liu, Rui Zhang
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Characterization of Three Different Endolysins Effective against Gram-Negative Bacteria
Tae-Hwan Jeong, Hye-Won Hong, Min Soo Kim, Miryoung Song, Heejoon Myung
Viruses.2023; 15(3): 679. CrossRef
Design strategies for positively charged endolysins: Insights into Artilysin development
Jose Vicente Carratalá, Anna Arís, Elena Garcia-Fruitós, Neus Ferrer-Miralles
Biotechnology Advances.2023; 69: 108250. CrossRef

Promoter exchange of the cryptic nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene for oligopeptide production in Aspergillus oryzae: Chanikul Chutrakul , Sarocha Panchanawaporn , Sukanya Jeennor , Jutamas Anantayanon , Kobkul Laoteng; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(1):47-56. Published online November 9, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1442-3

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Abstract PDF

Oligopeptides with functional activities are of current interest in the nutraceutical and medical sectors. The development of the biosynthetic process of oligopeptides through a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) system has become more challenging. To develop a production platform for nonribosomal peptides (NRPs), reprogramming of transcriptional regulation of the acv gene encoded ACV synthetase (ACVS) was implemented in Aspergillus oryzae using the CRISPRCas9 system. Awakening silent acv expression was successfully achieved by promoter substitution. Among the three exchanged promoters, AoPgpdA, AoPtef1, and PtPtoxA, the replacement of the native promoter with AoPgpdA led to the highest ACV production in A. oryzae. However, the ACV production of the AoPGpdA strain was also dependent on the medium composition, in which urea was the best nitrogen source, and a C:N ratio of 20:1 was optimal for tripeptide production. In addition to cell growth, magnesium ions are an essential element for ACV production and might participate in ACVS activity. It was also found that ACV was the growthassociated product of the engineered strain that might be a
result
of constitutive transcriptional control by the AoPgpdA promoter. This study offers a potential strategy for nonribosomal ACV production using the fungal system, which is applicable for redesigning bioactive oligopeptides with industrial relevance.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Advances in Fungal Promoter Engineering for Enhancing Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis
Nan Pu, Huawei Zhang
Biotechnology Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Strategies for the Enhancement of Secondary Metabolite Production via Biosynthesis Gene Cluster Regulation in Aspergillus oryzae
Xiao Jia, Jiayi Song, Yijian Wu, Sai Feng, Zeao Sun, Yan Hu, Mengxue Yu, Rui Han, Bin Zeng
Journal of Fungi.2024; 10(5): 312. CrossRef
Development of Aspergillus oryzae BCC7051 as a Robust Cell Factory Towards the Transcriptional Regulation of Protease-Encoding Genes for Industrial Applications
Sarocha Panchanawaporn, Chanikul Chutrakul, Sukanya Jeennor, Jutamas Anantayanon, Kobkul Laoteng
Journal of Fungi.2024; 11(1): 6. CrossRef
Transcriptome-based Mining of the Constitutive Promoters for Tuning Gene Expression in Aspergillus oryzae
Kobkul Laoteng, Jutamas Anantayanon, Chanikul Chutrakul, Sarocha Panchanawaporn, Sukanya Jeennor
Journal of Microbiology.2023; 61(2): 199. CrossRef
Efficient de novo production of bioactive cordycepin by Aspergillus oryzae using a food-grade expression platform
Sukanya Jeennor, Jutamas Anantayanon, Sarocha Panchanawaporn, Chanikul Chutrakul, Wanwipa Vongsangnak, Kobkul Laoteng
Microbial Cell Factories.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Synthetic microbes and biocatalyst designs in Thailand
Duangthip Trisrivirat, Ruchanok Tinikul, Pimchai Chaiyen
Biotechnology Notes.2023; 4: 28. CrossRef
Potential of Aspergillus oryzae as a biosynthetic platform for indigoidine, a non-ribosomal peptide pigment with antioxidant activity
Sarocha Panchanawaporn, Chanikul Chutrakul, Sukanya Jeennor, Jutamas Anantayanon, Nakul Rattanaphan, Kobkul Laoteng, Daniel Cullen
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(6): e0270359. CrossRef
CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing and Its Application in Aspergillus Species
Feng-Jie Jin, Bao-Teng Wang, Zhen-Dong Wang, Long Jin, Pei Han
Journal of Fungi.2022; 8(5): 467. CrossRef

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Genes and PFGE-profiling of Escherichia coli Isolates from South Korean Cattle Farms: Seung Won Shin , Jae-Won Byun , Myounghwan Jung , Min-Kyoung Shin , Han Sang Yoo; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(9):785-793. Published online July 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4166-1

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To estimate the prevalence of Escherichia coli with potential pathogenicity in cattle farm in South Korea, a total of 290 E. coli isolates were isolated from cattle farms over a period of 2 years in South Korea. These were examined for phenotypic and genotypic characteristics including antimicrobial susceptibility, serotype, and gene profiles of virulence and antimicrobial resistance. The most dominant virulence gene was f17 (26.2%), followed by stx2 (15.9%), ehxA (11.0%), stx1 (8.3%), eae (5.2%), and sta (4.1%). Some shiga-toxin producing E. coli isolates possessed eae (15.9%). All isolates except for one showed resistance to one or more antimicrobials, with 152 isolates exhibiting multidrug-resistance. The most prevalent resistance phenotype detected was streptomycin (63.1%), followed by tetracycline (54.5%), neomycin (40.3%), cephalothin (32.8%), amoxicillin (30.0%), ampicillin (29.7%), and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (16.6%). The associated resistance determinants detected were strAstrB (39.0%), tet(E) (80.0%), tet(A) (27.6%), aac(3)-IV (33.1%), aphA1 (21.4%), blaTEM (23.8%), and sul2 (22.1%). When investigated by O serotyping and PFGE molecular subtyping, the high degree of diversity was exhibited in E. coli isolates. These results suggest that E. coli isolates from South Korean cattle farms are significantly diverse in terms of virulence and antimicrobial resistance. In conclusion, the gastroinstestinal flora of cattle could be a significant reservoir of diverse virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants, which is potentially hazardous to public health.

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Underrepresented high diversity of class 1 integrons in the environment uncovered by PacBio sequencing using a new primer
Yu Yang, An-Ni Zhang, You Che, Lei Liu, Yu Deng, Tong Zhang
Science of The Total Environment.2021; 787: 147611. CrossRef
The prevalence of causative agents of calf diarrhea in Korean native calves
Jeong-Byoung Chae, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Jun-Gu Kang, Kyoung-Seong Choi, Joon-Seok Chae, Do-Hyeon Yu, Bae-Keun Park, Yeon-su Oh, Hak-Jong Choi, Jinho Park
Journal of Animal Science and Technology.2021; 63(4): 864. CrossRef
O-serogroups, virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and MLST genotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from swine and cattle in Central China
Zhong Peng, Wan Liang, Zizhe Hu, Xiaosong Li, Rui Guo, Lin Hua, Xibiao Tang, Chen Tan, Huanchun Chen, Xiangru Wang, Bin Wu
BMC Veterinary Research.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Detection and molecular characterization of sorbitol fermenting non-O157 Escherichia coli from goats
Shivasharanappa Nayakvadi, Charlotte Alison Alemao, H.B. Chethan Kumar, R.S. Rajkumar, Susitha Rajkumar, Eaknath B. Chakurkar, Shivaramu Keelara
Small Ruminant Research.2018; 161: 7. CrossRef
Antimicrobial Resistance inEscherichia coli
Laurent Poirel, Jean-Yves Madec, Agnese Lupo, Anne-Kathrin Schink, Nicolas Kieffer, Patrice Nordmann, Stefan Schwarz, Frank Møller Aarestrup, Stefan Schwarz, Jianzhong Shen, Lina Cavaco
Microbiology Spectrum.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
The genetic background of antibiotic resistance among clinical uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains
Wioletta Adamus-Białek, Anna Baraniak, Monika Wawszczak, Stanisław Głuszek, Beata Gad, Klaudia Wróbel, Paulina Bator, Marta Majchrzak, Paweł Parniewski
Molecular Biology Reports.2018; 45(5): 1055. CrossRef
Interrelationship between tetracycline resistance determinants, phylogenetic group affiliation and carriage of class 1 integrons in commensal Escherichia coli isolates from cattle farms
Kuastros Mekonnen Belaynehe, Seung Won Shin, Han Sang Yoo
BMC Veterinary Research.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Occurrence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes among isolates of Escherichia coli exhibiting high levels of aminoglycoside resistance isolated from Korean cattle farms
Kuastros Mekonnen Belaynehe, Seung Won Shin, Park Hong-Tae, Han Sang Yoo
FEMS Microbiology Letters.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Transfer of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Beef Cattle
Seung Won Shin, Min Kyoung Shin, Myunghwan Jung, Kuastros Mekonnen Belaynehe, Han Sang Yoo, M. W. Griffiths
Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2015; 81(16): 5560. CrossRef
Profiling of antimicrobial resistance and plasmid replicon types in β-lactamase producingEscherichia coliisolated from Korean beef cattle
Seung Won Shin, Myunghwan Jung, Min-Kyung Shin, Han Sang Yoo
Journal of Veterinary Science.2015; 16(4): 483. CrossRef

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Genotype Distribution Determined by the Cyclic-Catcher Melting Temperature Analysis in Korean Medical Checkup Population: Yun-Jee Kim , Min-Jung Kwon , Hee-Yeon Woo , Soon-Young Paik; J. Microbiol. 2013;51(5):665-670. Published online September 14, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-3160-3

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Although cytology screening has reduced the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer significantly, its usefulness is limited to samples from the site of the lesion, resulting in its low sensitivity and unsuitability for use in medical checkups. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of HPV infection using genotype distribution and to analyze the correlation of the HPV DNA test results with cytological results. We also evaluated the benefits of quantitative information obtained from cyclic-catcher melting temperature analysis (CMTA) in screening for cervical cancer. We performed cyclic-CMTA using AnyplexTM II HPV28 Detection in combination with cervical cytology for 2,181 subjects. The following HPV positivity types were detected using cyclic-CMTA and HPV positivity was found to increase together with the severity of the cytology results: (1) For 419 HPV positive specimens, HPV DNA was detected in 18.1% of normal specimens, 78.3% of ASCUS, and all of LSIL and HSIL; (2) high-risk HPV DNAs were detected in 63.3% of normal (N=547), 65.9% of ASCUS (N=41), 76.9% of LSIL (N=13), and 88.9% of HSIL (N=9) among total detected HPV DNA regardless multiple detection; (3) multiple HPV genotypes were detected in 4.8% of normal specimens (N=2,146), 52.2% of ASCUS (N=23), 57.1% of LSIL (N=7), and 40.0% of HSIL (N=5). In addition, a high level of viral DNA was observed using cyclic-CMTA in all specimens beyond the LSIL stage according to cytology, while only 6% of specimens with normal cytology showed a correlation with viral quantitation by cyclic-CMTA. The combination of HPV genotyping with a quantitative assay and cytology will allow for a more accurate diagnosis of cervical cancer.

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Comparative analysis of SD biosensor standard™ M10 HPV and seegene anyplex™ II HPV HR for detecting high-risk human papillomavirus: a concordance study
Abigail Rembui Jerip, Vaenessa Noni, Vanessa Kiah Anthony, Andy Cheong Shin Bong, Jaria Adam, Cheng Siang Tan
BMC Infectious Diseases.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative evaluation of HPV genotyping: A study on the performance concordance between Anyplex II HPV28 detection and Linear Array genotyping tests in nationwide studies in Brazil
Isabel Cristina Bandeira, Juliana Comerlato, Marina Bessel, Bruna Vieira Fernandes, Giana Mota, Luisa Lina Villa, Flávia Moreno Alves de Souza, Gerson Fernando Mendes Pereira, Eliana Marcia Wendland, Hideo Kato
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(6): e0305122. CrossRef
Use of swabs for dry collection of self-samples to detect human papillomavirus among Malagasy women
Pierre Vassilakos, Rosa Catarino, Stephanie Bougel, Maria Munoz, Caroline Benski, Ulrike Meyer-Hamme, Jeromine Jinoro, Josea Lea Heriniainasolo, Patrick Petignat
Infectious Agents and Cancer.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Validation of Anyplex II HPV HR Detection Test for Cervical Cancer Screening in Korea
Sunkyung Jung, Byungdoo Lee, Kap No Lee, Yonggoo Kim, Eun-Jee Oh
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine.2016; 140(3): 276. CrossRef
Therapeutic potential of an AcHERV-HPV L1 DNA vaccine
Hee-Jung Lee, Jong Kwang Yoon, Yoonki Heo, Hansam Cho, Yeondong Cho, Yongdae Gwon, Kang Chang Kim, Jiwon Choi, Jae Sung Lee, Yu-Kyoung Oh, Young Bong Kim
Journal of Microbiology.2015; 53(6): 415. CrossRef

Distribution of Marine Birnavirus in Cultured Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in Korea: Sung-Ju Jung , Seok-Ryel Kim , Il-Yong Joung , Shin-Ichi Kitamura , Hee-Taek Ceong , Myung-Joo Oh; J. Microbiol. 2008;46(3):265-273. Published online July 5, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0004-7

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Surveys of marine birnavirus (MABV) were undertaken in cultured olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus from the south and west coastal areas and Jeju in Korea during the period January 1999 to April 2007. MABV was detected in all seasons from the fry, juveniles and adult fish from the areas examined. Evident cytopathic effects of the virus including rounding and cell lysis were observed in chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) and rainbow trout gonad (RTG-2) cells, but not in fathead minnow (FHM) and epithelial papilloma of carp (EPC) cells. Nucleotide sequences of the VP2/NS junction region of the Korean isolates showed 97.8%~100% similarity, and they belonged to the same genogroup. Cross neutralization tests with serotype-specific rabbit antisera against MABV strains exhibited a close antigenic relationships between strains, and were distinct from infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) strains. Coinfection of MABV with bacteria (Streptococcus iniae, Vibrio spp.) and viruses (nervous necrosis virus, lymphocystis disease virus, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus) was observed.

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Co-infection of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) and bacterial infection outbreak in cage cultured cobia fingerlings
P. Rameshkumar, C. Balachandran, S. Vairamuthu, G. Dhinakar Raj, J. John Kirubaharan, K. Nagarajan, B.M. Nazeera, P. Ezhil Praveena, K.P. Jithendran
Aquaculture.2024; 578: 740047. CrossRef
Establishment and characterization of a cell line from the brain of the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and its application in the study of viral infection
Zhaodi Sun, Yuqin Ren, Yitong Zhang, Yucong Yang, Guixing Wang, Zhongwei He, Yufeng Liu, Wei Cao, Yufen Wang, Yuanshuai Fu, Jilun Hou
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Isolation and characterization of nidovirus and bacterial co-infection from cultured turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in China
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Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus enhanced infectious pancreatic necrosis virus multiplication during co-infection in Chinook salmon embryo cell lines
Liming Xu, Jingzhuang Zhao, Miao Liu, Guangming Ren, Shi Cheng Han, Yizhi Shao, Yongsheng Cao, Hongbai Liu, Tongyan Lu
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Experimental infection of brown trout (Salmo trutta), zebrafi sh (Danio rerio), and swan mussel (Anodonta cygnea) with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPVN)
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Virus–Bacteria Interactions: Implications and Potential for the Applied and Agricultural Sciences
Matthew Moore, Lee-Ann Jaykus
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Gene expression profiles alteration after infection of virus, bacteria, and parasite in the Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Gyu-Hwi Nam, Anshuman Mishra, Jeong-An Gim, Hee-Eun Lee, Ara Jo, Dahye Yoon, Ahran Kim, Woo-Jin Kim, Kung Ahn, Do-Hyung Kim, Suhkmann Kim, Hee-Jae Cha, Yung Hyun Choi, Chan-Il Park, Heui-Soo Kim
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Invitromatics, invitrome, and invitroomics: introduction of three new terms for in vitro biology and illustration of their use with the cell lines from rainbow trout
Niels C. Bols, Phuc H. Pham, Vivian R. Dayeh, Lucy E. J. Lee
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Kwang Il Kim, Woo Ju Kwon, Young Chul Kim, Myoung-Sug Kim, Suhee Hong, Hyun Do Jeong
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Mohamed H. Kotob, Simon Menanteau-Ledouble, Gokhlesh Kumar, Mahmoud Abdelzaher, Mansour El-Matbouli
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WS Kim, MJ Oh
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms.2014; 109(1): 9. CrossRef
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Evaluation of rapid and sensitive reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for detecting Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)
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Detection and Genetic Analysis of Aquabirnaviruses in Subclinically Infected Aquarium Fish
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Gael Kurath, James Winton
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Distribution of marine birnavirus (MABV) in marine organisms from Okinawa, Japan, and a unique sequence variation of the VP2/NS region
Manami Inaba, Satoru Suzuki, Shin-Ichi Kitamura, Norichika Kumazawa, Hiroshi Kodama
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Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Chicken Intestines and Fecal Samples from Healthy Young Children and Intensive Care Unit Patients: Shin Moo Kim , Eun Sook Shim , Chi Nam Seong; J. Microbiol. 2001;39(2):116-120.

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Abstract PDF: The prevalence, resistance genotype and antibiotic susceptibility of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were determined. Prevalence of VRE in chickens, healthy children and intensive care unit (ICU) patients was 43.0%, 12.7% and 24.1%, respectively. Forty out of 56 isolates from chicken intestines were identified as Enterococcus faecium, and 12 were E. faecalis. All the isolates contained the vanA gene. Nine out of 13 VRE isolates from patients and two out of 21 from healthy young children were identified as E. faecium. The resistance types of E. faecium, E. gallinarium and E. casseliflavus were VanA, VanC1, and VanC2, respectively. The mimimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of E. faecium, E. gallinarium, and E. casseliflavus to vancomycin were 512, 8 and 4 g/ml, respectively. Specifically, E. faecium isolates were resistant to most of antibiotics except ampicillin and gentamicin. This is the first report of high VanA type VRE prevalence in nonhospitalized young children in Korea.

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