Journal of Microbiology

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Prebiotic potential of proso millet and quinoa: Effects on gut microbiota composition and functional metabolic pathways: Jinwoo Kim, Jiwoon Kim, Yewon Jung, Gyungcheon Kim, Seongok Kim, Hakdong Shin; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(7):e2503002. Published online July 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2503002

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Prebiotics are indigestible dietary components that improve host health by stimulating the growth and metabolic activity of beneficial intestinal microbes. The whole grains are rich in non-digestible carbohydrates, which may confer prebiotic potential. Among them, millet and quinoa have gained attention as dietary alternatives due to the growing popularity of gluten-free diets. In this study, we examined the effects of proso millet and quinoa on the human gut microbiota using an in vitro fecal incubation model. Both grains altered alpha diversity metrics, including microbial richness, evenness, and phylogenetic diversity. Beta diversity analysis showed that the proso millet and quinoa treatment groups exhibited distinct clustering patterns compared to the control, highlighting their impact on microbial community structure. Taxonomic analysis showed an increase in beneficial genera, including Bifidobacterium, and a decrease in taxa such as Enterobacteriaceae and Flavonifractor. To assess metabolic changes associated with microbial fermentation, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) intensities were measured. The intensities of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were significantly higher in the proso millet- and quinoa-treated groups compared to the control group. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Blautia were significantly positively associated with SCFA intensities. Furthermore, predicted functional pathway analysis identified enrichment of carbohydrate-related pathways in proso millet and quinoa treatments. Quinoa supplementation led to a broader enhancement of metabolic pathways, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and pentose phosphate pathways, whereas proso millet enriched galactose metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism. These findings suggest that proso millet and quinoa influence gut microbial diversity, composition, and function.

Research Article

Characteristics of skin microbiome associated with disease severity in systemic sclerosis: Kyung-Ann Lee, Asad Ul-Haq, Hoonhee Seo, Sujin Jo, Sukyung Kim, Ho-Yeon Song, Hyun-Sook Kim; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(1):e.2409018. Published online January 24, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2409018

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Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterised by skin fibrosis and internal organ involvement. Disruptions in the microbial communities on the skin may contribute to the onset of autoimmune diseases that affect the skin. However, current research on the skin microbiome in SSc is lacking. This study aimed to investigate skin microbiome associated with disease severity in SSc. Skin swabs were collected from the upper limbs of 46 healthy controls (HCs) and 36 patients with SSc. Metagenomic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene was conducted and stratified by cutaneous subtype and modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) severity. Significant differences in skin bacterial communities were observed between the HCs and patients with SSc, with further significant variations based on subtype and mRSS severity. The identified biomarkers were Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium for patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc with high mRSS (≥ 10) and Mycobacterium and Parabacteroides for those with low mRSS (< 10). Gardnerella, Abies, Lactobacillus, and Roseburia were the biomarkers in patients with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSS) and high mRSS, whereas Coprococcus predominated in patients with lcSS and low mRSS. Cutaneous subtype analysis identified Pediococcus as a biomarker in the HCs, whereas mRSS analysis revealed the presence of Pseudomonas in conjunction with Pediococcus. In conclusion, patients with SSc exhibit distinct skin microbiota compared with healthy controls. Bacterial composition varies by systemic sclerosis cutaneous subtype and skin thickness.

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Microbiome therapeutic PMC72 through reverse translational research in gout
Mohammed Solayman Hossain, Hoonhee Seo, Kyung-Ann Lee, Asad ul-Haq, Sukyung Kim, Sujin Jo, Md Abdur Rahim, Hanieh Tajdozian, Fatemeh Ghorbanian, Youjin Yoon, Indrajeet Barman, Md Sarower Hossen Shuvo, Hyun-Sook Kim, Ho-Yeon Song
Journal of Microbiology.2025; 63(5): e2501002. CrossRef
Alterations of the skin microbiome in multiple system atrophy: a pilot study
Daji Chen, Lang Sun, Linlin Wan, Zhao Chen, LinLiu Peng, Jinzi Peng, Riwei Ouyang, Xiafei Long, Kefang Du, Xiao Dong, Xiaokang Wu, Xinying Xiao, Ruqing He, Rong Qiu, Beisha Tang, Hong Jiang
npj Parkinson's Disease.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Journal Articles

Inhibition of Virulence Associated Traits by β-Sitosterol Isolated from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Flowers Against Candida albicans: Mechanistic Insight and Molecular Docking Studies: Pallvi Mohana, Atamjit Singh, Farhana Rashid, Sharabjit Singh, Kirandeep Kaur, Rupali Rana, Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi, Neena Bedi, Rajinder Kaur, Saroj Arora; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(12):1165-1175. Published online November 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00174-5

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Abstract PDF: The emerging drug resistance and lack of safer and more potent antifungal agents make Candida infections another hot topic in the healthcare system. At the same time, the potential of plant products in developing novel antifungal drugs is also in the limelight. Considering these facts, we have investigated the different extracts of the flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis of the Malvaceae family for their antifungal efficacy against five different pathogenic Candida strains. Among the various extracts, the chloroform extract showed the maximum zone of inhibition (26.6 ± 0.5 mm) against the Candida albicans strain. Furthermore, the chloroform fraction was isolated, and a sterol compound was identified as β-sitosterol. Mechanistic studies were conducted to understand the mechanism of action, and the results showed that β-sitosterol has significant antifungal activity and is capable of interrupting biofilm formation and acts by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis in Candida albicans cells. Microscopic and molecular docking studies confirmed these findings. Overall, the study validates the antifungal efficacy of Candida albicans due to the presence of β-sitosterol which can act as an effective constituent for antifungal drug development individually or in combination.

Identification of avaC from Human Gut Microbial Isolates that Converts 5AVA to 2-Piperidone: Qiudi Zhou, Lihui Feng; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(5):367-379. Published online June 17, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00141-0

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Abstract PDF

2-piperidone is a crucial industrial raw material of high-value nylon-5 and nylon-6,5. Currently, a major bottleneck in the biosynthesis of 2-piperidone is the identification of highly efficient 2-piperidone synthases. In this study, we aimed to identify specific strains among 51 human gut bacterial strains capable of producing 2-piperidone and to elucidate its synthetic mechanism. Our findings revealed that four gut bacterial strains, namely Collinsella aerofaciens LFYP39, Collinsella intestinalis LFYP54, Clostridium bolteae LFYP116, and Clostridium hathewayi LFYP18, could produce 2-piperidone from 5-aminovaleric acid (5AVA). Additionally, we observed that 2-piperidone could be synthesized from proline through cross-feeding between Clostridium difficile LFYP43 and one of the four 2-piperidone producing strains, respectively. To identify the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of 5AVA to 2-piperidone, we utilized a gain-of-function library and identified avaC (5-aminovaleric acid cyclase) in C. intestinalis LFYP54. Moreover, homologous genes of avaC were validated in the other three bacterial strains. Notably, avaC were found to be widely distributed among environmental bacteria. Overall, our research delineated the gut bacterial strains and genes involved in 2-piperidone production, holding promise for enhancing the efficiency of industrial biosynthesis of this compound.

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Metabolite biomarkers of screening neonatal congenital hypothyroidism based on dried blood spot metabolomics
Xingyu Guo, Feng Suo, Yuting Wang, Di Yu, Yi Wang, Bulian Dong, Lingshan Gou, Xinhui Gan, Benjing Wang, Chaowen Yu, Xiaoxiang Xie, Dandan Linghu, Xinyu Liu, Maosheng Gu, Guowang Xu
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry.2025; 417(13): 2889. CrossRef

Review

Application of Microbiome‑Based Therapies in Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Se Hee Lee, Jang Ho Lee, Sei Won Lee; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(3):201-216. Published online April 18, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00124-1

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Abstract PDF

The application of microbiome-based therapies in various areas of human disease has recently increased. In chronic respiratory disease, microbiome-based clinical applications are considered compelling options due to the limitations of current treatments. The lung microbiome is ecologically dynamic and afected by various conditions, and dysbiosis is associated with disease severity, exacerbation, and phenotype as well as with chronic respiratory disease endotype. However, it is not easy to directly modulate the lung microbiome. Additionally, studies have shown that chronic respiratory diseases can be improved by modulating gut microbiome and administrating metabolites. Although the composition, diversity, and abundance of the microbiome between the gut and lung are considerably diferent, modulation of the gut microbiome could improve lung dysbiosis. The gut microbiome infuences that of the lung via bacterial-derived components and metabolic degradation products, including short-chain fatty acids. This phenomenon might be associated with the cross-talk between the gut microbiome and lung, called gut-lung axis. There are multiple alternatives to modulate the gut microbiome, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics ingestion and fecal material transplantation. Several studies have shown that high-fber diets, for example, present benefcial efects through the production of short-chain fatty acids. Additionally, genetically modifed probiotics to secrete some benefcial molecules might also be utilized to treat chronic respiratory diseases. Further studies on microbial modulation to regulate immunity and potentiate conventional pharmacotherapy will improve microbiome modulation techniques, which will develop as a new therapeutic area in chronic respiratory diseases.

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Role of the gut‑lung axis in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Physiological basis, pathogenesis and immunological modulation (Review)
Yue Zhu, Rui-Dong Ding
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Jianqiang Lan, Shimin Wu, Hong Li, Junfang Wang, Min Li
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Bacteria and Allergic Diseases
Svetlana V. Guryanova
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(19): 10298. CrossRef
The emerging roles of microbiome and short-chain fatty acids in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Yuan Gao, Kaixuan Wang, Zupan Lin, Shujing Cai, Aohui Peng, Le He, Hui Qi, Zhigang Jin, Xubo Qian
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Host-Associated Microbiome
Woo Jun Sul
Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(3): 135. CrossRef

Journal Articles

Hydroxychloroquine an Antimalarial Drug, Exhibits Potent Antifungal Efficacy Against Candida albicans Through Multitargeting: Sargun Tushar Basrani, Tanjila Chandsaheb Gavandi, Shivani Balasaheb Patil, Nandkumar Subhash Kadam, Dhairyasheel Vasantrao Yadav, Sayali Ashok Chougule, Sankunny Mohan Karuppayil, Ashwini Khanderao Jadhav; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(5):381-391. Published online April 8, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00111-6

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Abstract PDF

Candida albicans is the primary etiological agent associated with candidiasis in humans. Unrestricted growth of C. albicans can progress to systemic infections in the worst situation. This study investigates the antifungal activity of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and mode of action against C. albicans. HCQ inhibited the planktonic growth and yeast to hyphal form morphogenesis of C. albicans significantly at 0.5 mg/ml concentration. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC(50)) of HCQ for C. albicans adhesion and biofilm formation on the polystyrene surface was at 2 mg/ml and 4 mg/ml respectively. Various methods, such as scanning electron microscopy, exploration of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, cell cycle analysis, and assessment of S oxygen species (ROS) generation, were employed to investigate HCQ exerting its antifungal effects. HCQ was observed to reduce ergosterol levels in the cell membranes of C. albicans in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, HCQ treatment caused a substantial arrest of the C. albicans cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, which impeded normal cell growth. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of SOD2, SOD1, and CAT1 genes after HCQ treatment, while genes like HWP1, RAS1, TEC1, and CDC 35 were downregulated. The study also assessed the in vivo efficacy of HCQ in a mice model, revealing a reduction in the pathogenicity of C. albicans after HCQ treatment. These results indicate that HCQ holds for the development of novel antifungal therapies.

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Impact of high SAP2 expression on the invasion and adhesion abilities of Candida albicans in vaginal epithelial cells
Lan Xue, Lu Yang, Xize Fu, Wenli Feng, Jing Yang, Yan Ma, Zhiqin Xi
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.2025; 777: 152147. CrossRef

Sporosarcina jeotgali sp. nov., Sporosarcina oncorhynchi sp. nov., and Sporosarcina trichiuri sp. nov., Isolated from Jeotgal, a Traditional Korean Fermented Seafood: Ah-In Yang, Bora Kim, Sung-Hong Joe, Hae-In Joe, Hanna Choe, Ki Hyun Kim, Min Ok Jun, Na-Ri Shin; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(4):285-296. Published online April 8, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00106-3

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Abstract PDF

Three novel, Gram-stain-positive, obligate aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterial strains, designated B2O-1(T), T2O-4(T), and 0.2-SM1T-5(T), were isolated from jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood. Strains B2O-1(T), T2O-4(T), and 0.2-SM1T-5(T) exhibited distinct colony colors, characterized by pink, yellow, and red opaque circular colonies, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that three strains formed a paraphyletic clade within the genus Sporosarcina and shared < 99.0% similarity with Sporosarcina aquimarina KCTC 3840(T) and Sporosarcina saromensis KCTC 13119(T) in their 16S rRNA gene sequences. The three strains exhibiting Orthologous Average Nucleotide Identity values < 79.3% and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values < 23.1% within the genus Sporosarcina affirmed their distinctiveness. Strains B2O-1(T), T2O-4(T), and 0.2-SM1T-5(T) contained MK-7 as a sole respiratory menaquinone and A4α type peptidoglycan based on lysine with alanine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. The common polar lipids include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Strain T2O-4(T) contained one unidentified phospholipid, whereas strain 0.2-SM1T-5(T) contained two unidentified phospholipids. Cellular fatty acid profiles, with C(15:0) anteiso as the major fatty acid, supported the affiliation of the three strains to the genus Sporosarcina. Based on the polyphasic characteristics, strains B2O-1(T) (= KCTC 43506(T) = JCM 36032(T)), T2O-4(T) (= KCTC 43489(T) = JCM 36031(T)), and 0.2-SM1T-5(T) (= KCTC 43519(T) = JCM 36034(T)) represent three novel species within the genus Sporosarcina, named Sporosarcina jeotgali sp. nov., Sporosarcina oncorhynchi sp. nov., and Sporosarcina trichiuri sp. nov., respectively.

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Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. List of Changes in Taxonomic Opinion no. 41
Aharon Oren, Markus Göker
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Brevibacterium koreense sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from jogae-jeotgal, a Korean fermented seafood
Sohee Nam, Yujin Kim, Min Ji Lee, Yeon Bee Kim, Jeong Ui Yun, Mi-Ja Jung, Hye Seon Song, Se Hee Lee, Seok-Jun Kim, Tae Woong Whon
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Bacteroides celer sp. nov. and Bacteroides mucinivorans sp. nov., isolated from human feces, and the reclassification of Bacteroides koreensis Shin et al. 2017 and Bacteroides kribbi Shin et al. 2017 as later heterotypic synonyms of Bacteroides ovatus Egg
Ah-In Yang, Bora Kim, Woorim Kang, Hae-In Joe, Na-Ri Shin
Journal of Microbiology.2025; 63(6): e2502006. CrossRef
Validation List no. 220. Valid publication of new names and new combinations effectively published outside the IJSEM
Aharon Oren, Markus Göker
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Flagellar‑Associated Genes in Salmonella Typhimurium and Its rnc Mutant: Seungmok Han , Ji-Won Byun , Minho Lee; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(1):33-48. Published online January 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00099-5

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Abstract PDF

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a globally recognized foodborne pathogen that affects both animals and humans. Endoribonucleases mediate RNA processing and degradation in the adaptation of bacteria to environmental changes and have been linked to the pathogenicity of S. Typhimurium. Not much is known about the specific regulatory mechanisms of these enzymes in S. Typhimurium, particularly in the context of environmental adaptation. Thus, this study carried out a comparative transcriptomic analysis of wild-type S. Typhimurium SL1344 and its mutant (Δrnc), which lacks the rnc gene encoding RNase III, thereby elucidating the detailed regulatory characteristics that can be attributed to the rnc gene. Global gene expression analysis revealed that the Δrnc strain exhibited 410 upregulated and 301 downregulated genes (fold-change > 1.5 and p < 0.05), as compared to the wild-type strain. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis indicated that these differentially expressed genes are involved in various physiological functions, in both the wild-type and Δrnc strains. This study provides evidence for the critical role of RNase III as a general positive regulator of flagellar-associated genes and its involvement in the pathogenicity of S. Typhimurium.

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CspA regulates stress resistance, flagellar motility and biofilm formation in Salmonella Enteritidis
Xiang Li, Yan Cui, Xiaohui Sun, Chunlei Shi, Shoukui He, Xianming Shi
Food Bioscience.2025; 66: 106237. CrossRef
The dual functions of the GTPase BipA in ribosome assembly and surface structure biogenesis in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
Eunsil Choi, Eunwoo Ryu, Donghwee Kim, Ji-Won Byun, Kahyun Kim, Minho Lee, Jihwan Hwang, Samuel Wagner
PLOS Pathogens.2025; 21(4): e1013047. CrossRef
Influence of Flagella on Salmonella Enteritidis Sedimentation, Biofilm Formation, Disinfectant Resistance, and Interspecies Interactions
Huixue Hu, Jingguo Xu, Jingyu Chen, Chao Tang, Tianhao Zhou, Jun Wang, Zhuangli Kang
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Allium cepa and Zingiber officinale Against the Milk‑Borne Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes: Abirami Arasu , Nagaram Prabha , Durga Devi , Praveen Kumar Issac , Khaloud Mohammed Alarjani , Dunia A. Al Farraj , Reem A. Aljeidi , Dina S. Hussein , Magesh Mohan , Jehad Zuhair Tayyeb , Ajay Guru , Jesu Arockiaraj; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(11):993-1011. Published online December 4, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00086-w

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Abstract

Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogen that causes listeriosis and has a high case fatality rate despite its low incidence. Medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites have been identified as potential antibacterial substances, serving as replacements for synthetic chemical compounds. The present studies emphasize two significant medicinal plants, Allium cepa and Zingiber officinale, and their efficacy against L. monocytogenes. Firstly, a bacterial isolate was obtained from milk and identified through morphology and biochemical reactions. The species of the isolate were further confirmed through 16S rRNA analysis. Furthermore, polar solvents such as methanol and ethanol were used for the extraction of secondary metabolites from A. cepa and Z. officinale. Crude phytochemical components were identified using phytochemical tests, FTIR, and GC–MS. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the crude extract and its various concentrations were tested against L. monocytogenes. Among all, A. cepa in methanolic extracts showed significant inhibitory activity. Since, the A. cepa for methanolic crude extract was used to perform autography to assess its bactericidal activity. Subsequently, molecular docking was performed to determine the specific compound inhibition. The docking results revealed that four compounds displayed strong binding affinity with the virulence factor Listeriolysin-O of L. monocytogenes. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that the medicinal plant A. cepa has potential antibacterial effects against L. monocytogenes, particularly targeting its virulence.

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Enhancing raw trout fillet quality with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum postbiotics and potassium sorbate
Amin Abbasi, Hadi Pourjafar, Mahdi Asghari Ozma, Mansoureh Taghizadeh, Hedayat Hosseini
Letters in Applied Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Cultural Perspectives on the Sustainable Use and Added Value of Plant-Based Food Dyes—A Case Study from Bulgaria
Mihail Chervenkov, Teodora Ivanova, Yulia Bosseva, Dessislava Dimitrova
Sustainability.2024; 16(20): 9049. CrossRef

Quantitative Analysis of RNA Polymerase Slippages for Production of P3N‑PIPO Trans‑frame Fusion Proteins in Potyvirids: Dongjin Choi , Yoonsoo Hahn; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(10):917-927. Published online October 16, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00083-z

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Abstract

Potyvirids, members of the family Potyviridae, produce the P3N-PIPO protein, which is crucial for the cell-to-cell transport of viral genomic RNAs. The production of P3N-PIPO requires an adenine (A) insertion caused by RNA polymerase slippage at a conserved GAA AAA A ( GA6) sequence preceding the PIPO open reading frame. Presently, the slippage rate of RNA polymerase has been estimated in only a few potyvirids, ranging from 0.8 to 2.1%. In this study, we analyzed publicly available plant RNA-seq data and identified 19 genome contigs from 13 distinct potyvirids. We further investigated the RNA polymerase slippage rates at the GA6 motif. Our analysis revealed that the frequency of the A insertion variant ranges from 0.53 to 4.07% in 11 potyviruses (genus Potyvirus). For the two macluraviruses (genus Macluravirus), the frequency of the A insertion variant was found to be 0.72% and 10.96% respectively. Notably, the estimated RNA polymerase slippage rates for 12 out of the 13 investigated potyvirids were reported for the first time in this study. Our findings underscore the value of plant RNA-seq data for quantitative analysis of potyvirid genome variants, specifically at the GA6 slippage site, and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the RNA polymerase slippage phenomenon in potyvirids.

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Discovery of novel tepovirus genomes with a nucleic acid-binding protein homolog by systematic analysis of plant transcriptome data
Dongjin Choi, Hyerin Park, Seungwoo Baek, Myeung Seok Choi, Sylvain Legay, Gea Guerriero, Jean-François Hausman, Yoonsoo Hahn
Acta Virologica.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Potyviral Helper-Component Protease: Multifaced Functions and Interactions with Host Proteins
Veronika Hýsková, Kateřina Bělonožníková, Josef Chmelík, Hana Hoffmeisterová, Noemi Čeřovská, Tomáš Moravec, Helena Ryšlavá
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Reconceptualizing transcriptional slippage in plant RNA viruses
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Letter

Proposal of Flavihumibacter fluvii sp. nov. as a replacement name for the effectively published but invalidated epithet Flavihumibacter fluminis Park et al. 2022: Miri S. Park , Hyeonuk Sa , Ilnam Kang , Jang-Cheon Cho; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(6):649-651. Published online June 12, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00057-1

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Abstract

The name Flavihumibacter fluminis Park et al. 2022, which was effectively published but invalidated, is an illegitimate homonymic epithet of Flavihumibacter fluminis Guo et al. 2023. The low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and genomic relatedness between the type strains IMCC34837T and RY-1T of the two homonymic species indicated that they are different species. To avoid further confusion, we propose a new name Flavihumibacter fluvii sp. nov. to replace the effectively published but invalidated homonymic epithet Flavihumibacter fluminis Park et al. 2022.

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Validation List no. 214. Valid publication of new names and new combinations effectively published outside the IJSEM
Aharon Oren, Markus Göker
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Reviews

Temperature Matters: Bacterial Response to Temperature Change: Seongjoon Moon , Soojeong Ham , Juwon Jeong , Heechan Ku , Hyunhee Kim , Changhan Lee; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(3):343-357. Published online April 3, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00031-x

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Abstract

Temperature is one of the most important factors in all living organisms for survival. Being a unicellular organism, bacterium requires sensitive sensing and defense mechanisms to tolerate changes in temperature. During a temperature shift, the structure and composition of various cellular molecules including nucleic acids, proteins, and membranes are affected. In addition, numerous genes are induced during heat or cold shocks to overcome the cellular stresses, which are known as heat- and cold-shock proteins. In this review, we describe the cellular phenomena that occur with temperature change and bacterial responses from a molecular perspective, mainly in Escherichia coli.

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Apoptotic Factors, CaNma111 and CaYbh3, Function in Candida albicans Filamentation by Regulating the Hyphal Suppressors, Nrg1 and Tup1: Suyoung Kim , Se Hyeon Kim , Eunjoong Kweon , Jinmi Kim; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(4):403-409. Published online March 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00034-8

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Abstract: The morphological switch from the yeast to hyphal form is a key virulence attribute of the opportunistic fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. Our recent report showed that deletion of the newly identified apoptotic factor, CaNma111 or CaYbh3, leads to hyperfilamentation and increased virulence in a mouse infection model. CaNma111 and CaYbh3 are homologs of the pro-apoptotic protease, HtrA2/Omi, and BH3-only protein, respectively. In this study, we examined the effects of CaNMA111 and CaYBH3 deletion mutations on the expression levels of the hypha-specific transcr!ption factors, Cph1 (a hyphal activator), Nrg1 (a hyphal repressor), and Tup1 (a hyphal repressor). The protein levels of Nrg1 were decreased in Caybh3/Caybh3 cells while those of Tup1 were decreased in both Canma111/Canma111 and Caybh3/Caybh3 cells. These effects on Nrg1 and Tup1 proteins were retained during serum-induced filamentation and appear to explain the hyperfilamentation phenotypes of the CaNMA111 and CaYBH3 deletion mutants. Treatment with the apoptosis-inducing dose of farnesol decreased the Nrg1 protein levels in the wild-type strain and more evidently in Canma111/Canma111 and Caybh3/Caybh3 mutant strains. Together, our results suggest that CaNma111 and CaYbh3 are key regulators of Nrg1 and Tup1 protein levels in C. albicans.

Assembly of Bacterial Surface Glycopolymers as an Antibiotic Target: Hongbaek Cho; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(3):359-367. Published online March 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00032-w

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Abstract

Bacterial cells are covered with various glycopolymers such as peptidoglycan (PG), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), teichoic acids, and capsules. Among these glycopolymers, PG assembly is the target of some of our most effective antibiotics, consistent with its essentiality and uniqueness to bacterial cells. Biosynthesis of other surface glycopolymers have also been acknowledged as potential targets for developing therapies to control bacterial infections, because of their importance for bacterial survival in the host environment. Moreover, biosynthesis of most surface glycopolymers are closely related to PG assembly because the same lipid carrier is shared for glycopolymer syntheses. In this review, I provide an overview of PG assembly and antibiotics that target this pathway. Then, I discuss the implications of a common lipid carrier being used for assembly of PG and other surface glycopolymers in antibiotic development.

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Journal Article

Chryseobacterium paludis sp. nov. and Chryseobacterium foetidum sp. nov. Isolated from the Aquatic Environment, South Korea: Miryung Kim , Yong Seok Kim , Chang Jun Cha; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(1):37-47. Published online February 1, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-00008-2

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Abstract

Two novel bacterial species CJ51T and CJ63T belonging to the genus Chryseobacterium were isolated from the Upo wetland and the Han River, South Korea, respectively. Cells of these strains were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rodshaped, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. Both strains were shown to grow optimally at 30 °C and pH 7 in the absence of NaCl on tryptic soy agar. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains CJ51T and CJ63T belonged to the genus Chryseobacterium and were most closely related to Chryseobacterium piperi CTMT and Chryseobacterium piscicola VQ-6316sT with 98.47% and 98.46% 16S rRNA sequence similarities, respectively. The average nucleotide identity values of strains CJ51T and CJ63T with its closely related type strains Chryseobacterium piperi CTMT and Chryseobacterium piscicola VQ-6316sT were 81.9% and 82.1%, respectively. The major fatty acids of strains CJ51T and CJ63T were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH and summed feature 9 ( C16:0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17:1ω9c). Menaquinone 6 (MK-6) was identified as the primary respiratory quinone in both strains. The major polar lipids of strains CJ51T and CJ63T were phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified amino lipids and lipids. Based on polyphasic taxonomy data, strains CJ51T and CJ63T represent novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium, for which names Chryseobacterium paludis sp. nov. and Chryseobacterium foetidum sp. nov. are proposed respectively. The type strains are CJ51T (= KACC 22749T = JCM 35632T) and CJ63T (= KACC 22750T = JCM 35633T).

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