High-risk genotypes of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are
directly implicated in various abnormalities associated with
cellular hyperproliferation, including cervical cancer. E6 is one
of two oncoproteins encoded in the HPV genome, which recruits
diverse PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain-containing
human proteins through its C-terminal PDZ-binding motif
(PBM) to be degraded by means of the proteasome pathway.
Among the three PDZ domain-containing protein tyrosine
phosphatases, protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type
3 (PTPN3) and PTPN13 were identified to be recognized by
HPV E6 in a PBM-dependent manner. However, whether
HPV E6 associates with PTPN4, which also has a PDZ domain
and functions as an apoptosis regulator, remains undetermined.
Herein, we present structural and biochemical evidence
demonstrating the direct interaction between the PBM
of HPV16 E6 and the PDZ domain of human PTPN4 for the
first time. X-ray crystallographic structure determination and
binding measurements using isothermal titration calorimetry
demonstrated that hydrophobic interactions in which Leu158
of HPV16 E6 plays a key role and a network of intermolecular
hydrogen bonds sustain the complex formation between
PTPN4 PDZ and the PBM of HPV16 E6. In addition, it was
verified that the corresponding motifs from several other highrisk
HPV genotypes, including HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, and
HPV45, bind to PTPN4 PDZ with comparable affinities, suggesting
that PTPN4 is a common target of various pathogenic
HPV genotypes.
Citations
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