Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) species may possess
antibiotic resistance genes and have been associated with
nosocomial infections. In this study, 91 CoNS with decreased
susceptibility to oxacillin were isolated from fresh produce
using oxacillin containing agar plates. Their antibiotic resistances
were determined phenotypically and all isolates were
identified by rep-PCR, 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequencing.
Furthermore, the genomes of representative strains were sequenced
in order to confirm species identification by phylogenomics.
The majority (64 of 91) of the CoNS strains could
be identified as Mammaliicoccus (M.) fleurettii, while 13 were
identified as M. sciuri, 8 as M. vitulinus, 2 as Staphylococcus
(S.) epidermidis and single strains each as S. warneri, S. xylosus,
Staphylococcus spp. and S. casei. Most of the strains were generally
susceptible to clinically-relevant antibiotics, but only
few (< 7%) strains possessed multiple resistances. Both oxacillin
and cefoxitin resistant isolates were considered to be
presumptive methicillin-resistant CoNS. From whole genome
sequencing data of 6 representative strains, the mecA gene,
accessory genes and the SCC loci were compared, which revealed
high variability between some of the strains. The major
fatty acids of K22-5MT strain included anteiso-C15:0,
iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0, C18:0, and C20:0. Average nucleotide
identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values
indicated that Staphylococcus strain K22-5MT was below the
species delineation cutoff values for ANI (less than 91%) and
DDH (less than 44.4%), with the most closely related species
being the S. pseudoxylosus S04009T type strain. Thus, strain
K22- 5MT (=DSM 112532T, =LMG 32324T) represents a novel
species, for which the name Staphylococcus shinii sp. nov. is
proposed.
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