Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

Description of Polaribacter batillariae sp. nov., Polaribacter cellanae sp. nov., and Polaribacter pectinis sp. nov., novel bacteria isolated from the gut of three types of South Korean shellfish: Su-Won Jeong , Jeong Eun Han , June-Young Lee , Ji-Ho Yoo , Do-Yeon Kim , In Chul Jeong , Jee-Won Choi , Yun-Seok Jeong , Jae-Yun Lee , So-Yeon Lee , Euon Jung Tak , Hojun Sung , Hyun Sik Kim , Pil Soo Kim , Dong-Wook Hyun , Jin-Woo Bae; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(6):576-584. Published online April 18, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1604-3

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Three aerobic, Gram-negative, and rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated strains G4M1T, SM13T, and L12M9T, were isolated from the gut of Batillaria multiformis, Cellana toreuma, and Patinopecten yessoensis collected from the Yellow Sea in South Korea. All the strains grew optimally at 25°C, in the presence of 2% (w/v) NaCl, and at pH 7. These three strains, which belonged to the genus Polaribacter in the family Flavobacteriaceae, shared < 98.8% in 16S rRNA gene sequence and < 86.68% in whole-genome sequence with each other. Compared with the type strains of Polaribacter, isolates showed the highest sequence similarity to P. haliotis KCTC 52418T (< 98.68%), followed by P. litorisediminis KCTC 52500T (< 98.13%). All the strains contained MK-6 as their predominant menaquinone and iso-C15:0 as their major fatty acid. Moreover, all the strains had phosphatidylethanolamine as their polar lipid component. In addition, strain G4M1T had two unidentified lipids and three unidentified aminolipids, strain SM13T had three unidentified lipids and three unidentified aminolipids, and strain L12M9T had three unidentified lipids and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G + C contents of strains G4M1T, SM13T, and L12M9T were 31.0, 30.4, and 29.7 mol%, respectively. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic findings, strains G4M1T (= KCTC 82388T = DSM 112372T), SM13T (= KCTC 82389T = DSM 112373T), and L12M9T (= KCTC 62751T = DSM 112374T) were classified into the genus Polaribacter as the type strains of novel species, for which the names Polaribacter batillariae sp. nov., Polaribacter cellanae sp. nov., and Polaribacter pectinis sp. nov., respectively, have been proposed.

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Claire R. Burbick, Sara D. Lawhon, Brittany Bukouras, Giovanna Lazzerini, Erik Munson, Romney M. Humphries
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Polaribacter ponticola sp. nov., isolated from seawater, reclassification of Polaribacter undariae as a later heterotypic synonym of Polaribacter sejongensis, and emended description of Polaribacter sejongensis Kim et al. 2013
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Aharon Oren, George Garrity
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Do-Yeon Kim, In-Chul Jeong, So-Yeon Lee, Yun-Seok Jeong, Jeong Eun Han, Euon Jung Tak, June-Young Lee, Pil Soo Kim, Dong-Wook Hyun, Jin-Woo Bae
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Randomized Controlled Trial

Ulmus macrocarpa Hance extract modulates intestinal microbiota in healthy adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial: Kwangmin Kim , Karpagam Veerappan , Nahyun Woo , Bohyeon Park , Sathishkumar Natarajan , Hoyong Chung , Cheolmin Kim , Junhyung Park; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(12):1150-1156. Published online October 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1329-8

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Abstract

The stem and root bark of Ulmus macrocarpa Hance has been used as traditional pharmacological agent against inflammation related disorders. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of Ulmus macrocarpa Hance extract (UME) on human gut microbiota. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted in healthy adults. The study subjects were given 500 mg/day of UME or placebo orally for 4 weeks. Eighty fecal samples were collected at baseline and 4 weeks of UME or placebo intervention. The gut microbiota variation was evaluated by 16S rRNA profiling. The microbial response was highly personalized, and no statistically significant differences was observed in both species richness and abundance. The number of bacterial species identified in study subjects ranged from 86 to 182 species. The analysis for taxonomical changes revealed an increase in Eubacterium ventriosum, Blautia faecis, Ruminococcus gnavus in the UME group. Functional enrichment of bacterial genes showed an increase in primary and secondary bile acid biosynthesis in UME group. Having known from previous studies Eubacterium regulated bile acid homeostasis in protecting gut microbial architecture and immunity, we suggest that UME supplementation might enhance host immunity by modulating gut microbiota. This is the first stage study and forthcoming clinical studies with larger participants are needed to confirm these findings.

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Qianhui Fu, Tianyuan Song, Xiaoqin Ma, Jian Cui
Animal Models and Experimental Medicine.2022; 5(4): 297. CrossRef
The current status of old traditional medicine introduced from Persia to China
Jinmin Shi, Yifan Yang, Xinxin Zhou, Lijun Zhao, Xiaohua Li, Abdullah Yusuf, Mohaddeseh S. M. Z. Hosseini, Fatemeh Sefidkon, Xuebo Hu
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Review

Metaviromics coupled with phage-host identification to open the viral ‘black box’: Kira Moon , Jang-Cheon Cho; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(3):311-323. Published online February 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1016-9

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Abstract

Viruses are found in almost all biomes on Earth, with bacteriophages (phages) accounting for the majority of viral particles in most ecosystems. Phages have been isolated from natural environments using the plaque assay and liquid medium- based dilution culturing. However, phage cultivation is restricted by the current limitations in the number of culturable bacterial strains. Unlike prokaryotes, which possess universally conserved 16S rRNA genes, phages lack universal marker genes for viral taxonomy, thus restricting cultureindependent analyses of viral diversity. To circumvent these limitations, shotgun viral metagenome sequencing (i.e., metaviromics) has been developed to enable the extensive sequencing of a variety of viral particles present in the environment and is now widely used. Using metaviromics, numerous studies on viral communities have been conducted in oceans, lakes, rivers, and soils, resulting in many novel phage sequences. Furthermore, auxiliary metabolic genes such as ammonic monooxygenase C and β-lactamase have been discovered in viral contigs assembled from viral metagenomes. Current attempts to identify putative bacterial hosts of viral metagenome sequences based on sequence homology have been limited due to viral sequence variations. Therefore, culture- independent approaches have been developed to predict bacterial hosts using single-cell genomics and fluorescentlabeling. This review focuses on recent viral metagenome studies conducted in natural environments, especially in aquatic ecosystems, and their contributions to phage ecology. Here, we concluded that although metaviromics is a key tool for the study of viral ecology, this approach must be supplemented with phage-host identification, which in turn requires the cultivation of phage-bacteria systems.

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International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(8): 7662. CrossRef
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Journal Article

Instruction of microbiome taxonomic profiling based on 16S rRNA sequencing: Hyojung Kim , Sora Kim , Sungwon Jung; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(3):193-205. Published online February 27, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9556-y

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Abstract

Recent studies on microbiome highlighted their importance in various environments including human, where they are involved in multiple biological contexts such as immune mechanism, drug response, and metabolism. The rapid increase of new findings in microbiome research is partly due to the technological advances in microbiome identification, including the next-generation sequencing technologies. Several applications of different next-generation sequencing platforms exist for microbiome identification, but the most popular method is using short-read sequencing technology to profile targeted regions of 16S rRNA genes of microbiome because of its low-cost and generally reliable performance of identifying overall microbiome compositions. The analysis of targeted 16S rRNA sequencing data requires multiple steps of data processing and systematic analysis, and many software tools have been proposed for such procedures. However, properly organizing and using such software tools still require certain level of expertise with computational environments. The purpose of this article is introducing the concept of computational analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing data to microbiologists and providing easy-to-follow and step-by-step instructions of using recent software tools of microbiome analysis. This instruction may be used as a quick guideline for general next-generation sequencing-based microbiome studies or a template of constructing own software pipelines for customized analysis.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

PyroTrimmer: a Software with GUI for Pre-Processing 454 Amplicon Sequences: Jeongsu Oh , Byung Kwon Kim , Wan-Sup Cho , Soon Gyu Hong , Kyung Mo Kim; J. Microbiol. 2012;50(5):766-769. Published online November 4, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2494-6

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Abstract: The ultimate goal of metagenome research projects is to understand the ecological roles and physiological functions of the microbial communities in a given natural environment. The 454 pyrosequencing platform produces the longest reads among the most widely used next generation sequencing platforms. Since the relatively longer reads of the 454 platform provide more information for identification of microbial sequences, this platform is dedicated to microbial community and population studies. In order to accurately perform the downstream analysis of the 454 multiplex datasets, it is necessary to remove artificially designed sequences located at either ends of individual reads and to correct lowquality sequences. We have developed a program called Pyro-Trimmer that removes the barcodes, linkers, and primers, trims sequence regions with low quality scores, and filters out low-quality sequence reads. Although these functions have previously been implemented in other programs as well, PyroTrimmer has novelty in terms of the following features: i) more sensitive primer detection using Levenstein distance and global pairwise alignment, ii) the first stand-alone software with a graphic user interface, and iii) various options for trimming and filtering out the low-quality sequence reads. PyroTrimmer, written in JAVA, is compatible with multiple operating systems and can be downloaded free at http://pyrotrimmer.kobic.re.kr.

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