Ulcerative colitis, a major form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with chronic colonic inflammation, may
be induced via overreactive innate and adaptive immune responses. Restoration of gut microbiota abundance and diversity
is important to control the pathogenesis. Lactobacillus spp., well-known probiotics, ameliorate IBD symptoms via various
mechanisms, including modulation of cytokine production, restoration of gut tight junction activity and normal mucosal
thickness, and alterations in the gut microbiota. Here, we studied the effects of oral administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus
(L. rhamnosus) KBL2290 from the feces of a healthy Korean individual to mice with DSS-induced colitis. Compared to the
dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) + phosphate-buffered saline control group, the DSS + L. rhamnosus KBL2290 group evidenced
significant improvements in colitis symptoms, including restoration of body weight and colon length, and decreases in the
disease activity and histological scores, particularly reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an elevated level of
anti-inflammatory interleukin-10. Lactobacillus rhamnosus KBL2290 modulated the levels of mRNAs encoding chemokines
and markers of inflammation; increased regulatory T cell numbers; and restored tight junction activity in the mouse colon.
The relative abundances of genera Akkermansia, Lactococcus, Bilophila, and Prevotella increased significantly, as did the
levels of butyrate and propionate (the major short-chain fatty acids). Therefore, oral L. rhamnosus KBL2290 may be a useful
novel probiotic.
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