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- Pten gene deletion in intestinal epithelial cells enhances susceptibility to Salmonella Typhimurium infection in mice
- Cody Howe , Jonathon Mitchell , Su Jin Kim , Eunok Im , Sang Hoon Rhee
- J. Microbiol. 2019;57(11):1012-1018. Published online September 25, 2019
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9320-3
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- 7 Citations
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Abstract
- Although phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is typically considered a tumor-suppressor gene, it was recently suggested that PTEN regulates TLR5-induced immune and inflammatory responses in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), suggesting an immunomodulatory function of PTEN in the gut. However, this alternative function of PTEN has not yet been evaluated in an in vivo context of protection against enteropathogenic bacteria. To address this, we utilized IECrestricted Pten knockout (PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC) and littermate Pten+/+ mice. These mice were subjected to the streptomycin-pretreated mouse model of Salmonella infection, and subsequently given an oral gavage of a low inoculum (2 × 104 CFU) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). This bacterial infection not only increased the mortality of PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice compared to Pten+/+ mice, but also induced deleterious gastrointestinal inflammation in PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice manifested by massive histological damage to the intestinal mucosa. S. Typhimurium infection upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the intestine of PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice compared to controls. Furthermore, bacterial loads were greatly increased in the liver, mesenteric lymph node, and spleen of PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice compared to controls. Together, these results suggest that IEC-restricted Pten deficiency renders the host greatly susceptible to Salmonella infection and support an immuneregulatory role of PTEN in the gut.
- Water-based extracts of Zizania latifolia inhibit Staphylococcus aureus infection through the induction of human beta-defensin 2 expression in HaCaT cells
- Bo Yeon Kang , Seung-Su Lee , Myun-Ho Bang , Hyoik Jeon , Hangeun Kim , Dae Kyun Chung
- J. Microbiol. 2018;56(12):910-916. Published online November 27, 2018
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8307-9
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- 5 Citations
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Abstract
- Zizania latifolia is a perennial herb belonging to the family Gramineae that has been used as a health food in Asian countries. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial effect of Z. latifolia, which increased human beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) expression in HaCaT cells. hBD2 expression was further increased in cells treated with Z. latifolia extracts and subsequently infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Inversely, S. aureus infection decreased after treatment. The induction of hBD2 in HaCaT cells was mediated by the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling pathway, including the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and activator protein 1 (AP-1). Further study using siRNA revealed that hBD2 played an important role in the inhibition of S. aureus infection in HaCaT cells. Our data suggest that Z. latifolia extracts can be used as an antimicrobial ingredient for skin treatment formulas.
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