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- Tubulysin Production by the Dead Cells of Archangium gephyra KYC5002
- Seohui Park, Chaehyeon Park, Yujin Ka, Kyungyun Cho
- J. Microbiol. 2024;62(6):463-471. Published online June 13, 2024
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00130-3
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Abstract
- Archangium gephyra KYC5002 produces tubulysins during the death phase. In this study, we aimed to determine whether dead cells produce tubulysins. Cells were cultured for three days until the verge of the death phase, disrupted via ultrasonication, incubated for 2 h, and examined for tubulysin production. Non-disrupted cells produced 0.14 mg/L of tubulysin A and 0.11 mg/L of tubulysin B. Notably, tubulysin A production was increased by 4.4-fold to 0.62 mg/L and that of tubulysin B was increased by 6.7-fold to 0.74 mg/L in the disrupted cells. The same increase in tubulysin production was observed when the cells were killed by adding hydrogen peroxide. However, when the enzymes were inactivated via heat treatment of the cultures at 65 °C for 30 min, no significant increase in tubulysin production due to cell death was observed. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of tubB mRNA revealed that the expression levels of tubulysin biosynthetic enzyme genes increased during the death phase compared to those during the vegetative growth phase. Our findings suggest that A. gephyra produces biosynthetic enzymes and subsequently uses them for tubulysin production in the cell death phase or during cell lysis by predators.
- Adenosylhomocysteinase like 1 interacts with nonstructural 5A and regulates hepatitis C virus propagation
- Yun-Sook Lim , Han N. Mai , Lap P. Nguyen , Sang Min Kang , Dongseob Tark , Soon B. Hwang
- J. Microbiol. 2021;59(1):101-109. Published online December 23, 2020
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0470-8
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Abstract
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle is highly dependent on cellular proteins for viral propagation. In order to identify the cellular factors involved in HCV propagation, we previously performed a protein microarray assay using the HCV nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein as a probe. Of ~9,000 human cellular proteins immobilized in a microarray, adenosylhomocysteinase like 1 (AHCYL1) was among 90 proteins identified as NS5A interactors. Of these candidates, AHCYL1 was selected for further study. In the present study, we verified the physical interaction between NS5A and AHCYL1 by both in vitro pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays. Furthermore, HCV NS5A interacted with endogenous AHCYL1 in Jc1-infected cells. Both NS5A and AHCYL1 were colocalized in the cytoplasmic region in HCV-replicating cells. siRNAmediated knockdown of AHCYL1 abrogated HCV propagation. Exogenous expression of the siRNA-resistant AHCYL1 mutant, but not of the wild-type AHCYL1, restored HCV protein expression levels, indicating that AHCYL1 was required specifically for HCV propagation. Importantly, AHCYL1 was involved in the HCV internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation step of the HCV life cycle. Finally, we demonstrated that the proteasomal degradation pathway of AHCYL1 was modulated by persistent HCV infection. Collectively, these data suggest that HCV may modulate the AHCYL1 protein to promote viral propagation.
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- Amuvatinib Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Infection at the Entry Step of the Viral Life Cycle
Trang T. X. Huynh, Thuy X. Pham, Gun-Hee Lee, Jae-Bong Lee, Sung-Geun Lee, Dongseob Tark, Yun-Sook Lim, Soon B. Hwang, Donna M. Neumann
Microbiology Spectrum.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Inhibition of KIF20A suppresses the replication of influenza A virus by inhibiting viral entry
Hoyeon Jeon, Younghyun Lim, In-Gu Lee, Dong-In Kim, Keun Pil Kim, So-Hee Hong, Jeongkyu Kim, Youn-Sang Jung, Young-Jin Seo
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(11): 1113. CrossRef - Asunaprevir, a Potent Hepatitis C Virus Protease Inhibitor, Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Propagation
Yun-Sook Lim, Lap P. Nguyen, Gun-Hee Lee, Sung-Geun Lee, Kwang-Soo Lyoo, Bumseok Kim, Soon B. Hwang
Molecules and Cells.2021; 44(9): 688. CrossRef
- Amuvatinib Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Infection at the Entry Step of the Viral Life Cycle
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