Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Thioredoxin A of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Contributes to Virulence by Inhibiting the Expression of Pentraxin 3 to Promote Survival Within Macrophages: Chijun Zhao , Xinglin Jia , Yanying Pan , Simeng Liao , Shuo Zhang , Chunxiao Ji , Guangwei Kuang , Xin Wu , Quan Liu , Yulong Tang , Lihua Fang; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(4):433-448. Published online April 3, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00038-4

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Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen that can infect humans in contact with infected pigs or their byproducts. It can employ different types of genes to defend against oxidative stress and ensure its survival. The thioredoxin (Trx) system is a key antioxidant system that contributes adversity adaptation and pathogenicity. SS2 has been shown to encode putative thioredoxin genes, but the biological roles, coding sequence, and underlying mechanisms remains uncharacterized. Here, we demonstrated that SSU05_0237-ORF, from a clinical SS2 strain, ZJ081101, encodes a protein of 104 amino acids with a canonical CGPC active motif and an identity 70–85% similar to the thioredoxin A (TrxA) in other microorganisms. Recombinant TrxA efficiently catalyzed the thiol-disulfide oxidoreduction of insulin. The deletion of TrxA led to a significantly slow growth and markedly compromised tolerance of the pathogen to temperature stress, as well as impaired adhesion ability to pig intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). However, it was not involved in H2O2 and paraquat-induced oxidative stress. Compared with the wild-type strain, the ΔTrxA strain was more susceptible to killing by macrophages through increasing NO production. Treatment with TrxA mutant strain also significantly attenuated cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting inflammatory response and apoptosis. Knockdown of pentraxin 3 in RAW 264.7 cells was more vulnerable to phagocytic activity, and TrxA promoted SS2 survival in phagocytic cells depending on pentraxin 3 activity compared with the wild-type strain. Moreover, a co-inoculation experiment in mice revealed that TrxA mutant strain is far more easily cleared from the body than the wild type strain in the period from 8–24 h, and exhibits significantly attenuated oxidative stress and liver injury. In summary, we reveal the important role of TrxA in the pathogenesis of SS2.

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Thioredoxin C of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 contributes to virulence by inducing antioxidative stress and inhibiting autophagy via the MSR1/PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in macrophages
Chunxiao Ji, Yanying Pan, Bocheng Liu, Jianying Liu, Chijun Zhao, Zhuyuan Nie, Simeng Liao, Guangwei Kuang, Xin Wu, Quan Liu, Jie Ning, Yulong Tang, Lihua Fang
Veterinary Microbiology.2024; 298: 110263. CrossRef
A Comprehensive Review on the Roles of Metals Mediating Insect–Microbial Pathogen Interactions
Subhanullah Khan, Minglin Lang
Metabolites.2023; 13(7): 839. CrossRef

Description of Microbacterium luteum sp. nov., Microbacterium cremeum sp. nov., and Microbacterium atlanticum sp. nov., three novel C50 carotenoid producing bacteria: Fuquan Xie , Siwen Niu , Xihuang Lin , Shengxiang Pei , Li Jiang , Yun Tian , Gaiyun Zhang; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(10):886-897. Published online September 7, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1186-5

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Abstract

We have identified three Microbacterium strains, A18JL200T, NY27T, and WY121T, that produce C50 carotenoids. Taxonomy shows they represent three novel species. These strains shared < 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with each other and were closely related to Microbacterium aquimaris JCM 15625T, Microbacterium yannicii JCM 18959T, Microbacterium ureisolvens CFH S00084T, and Microbacterium hibisci CCTCC AB 2016180T. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values and average nucleotide identity (ANI) showed differences among the three strains and from their closest relatives, with values ranging from 20.4% to 34.6% and 75.5% to 87.6%, respectively. These values are below the threshold for species discrimination. Both morphology and physiology also differed from those of phylogenetically related Microbacterium species, supporting that they are indeed novel species. These strains produce C50 carotenoids (mainly decaprenoxanthin). Among the three novel species, A18JL200T had the highest total yield in carotenoids (6.1 mg/L or 1.2 mg/g dry cell weight). Unusual dual isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways (methylerythritol phosphate and mevalonate pathways) were annotated for strain A18JL200T. In summary, we found strains of the genus Microbacterium that are potential producers of C50 carotenoids, but their genome has to be investigated further.

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Identification, evaluation, control of yellow-causing bacteria and their influence on the quality of high moisture rice-based food
Sijie Zhang, Lin Ou, Cuiping Yi, Qiutao Xie, Yang Shan
Food Control.2025; 168: 110887. CrossRef
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Microbacterium forte sp. nov., a mutualistic association that favors sustainable hydrogen production
Neda Fakhimi, María Jesus Torres, Emilio Fernández, Aurora Galván, Alexandra Dubini, David González-Ballester
Science of The Total Environment.2024; 913: 169559. CrossRef
Discovery of a new bacterium, Microbacterium betulae sp. nov., in birch wood associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis in woodworkers
Mariola Paściak, Krzysztof J. Pawlik, Dariusz Martynowski, Łukasz Łaczmański, Jarosław Ciekot, Bogumiła Szponar, Angelina Wójcik‐Fatla, Barbara Mackiewicz, Ewelina Farian, Grażyna Cholewa, Alicja Cholewa, Jacek Dutkiewicz
Environmental Microbiology Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Microbacterium aquilitoris sp. nov. and Microbacterium gwkjiense sp. nov., isolated from beach
Soon Dong Lee, Hong Lim Yang, Ji-Sun Kim, In Seop Kim
Archives of Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Microbacterium algihabitans sp. nov., Microbacterium phycohabitans sp. nov., and Microbacterium galbum sp. nov., isolated from dried beach seaweeds
Soon Dong Lee, Hong Lim Yang, In Seop Kim
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between the gut microbiome and carotenoid plumage phenotype in an avian hybrid zone
Marcella D. Baiz, Andrew W. Wood, David P. L. Toews
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Description of Microbacterium dauci sp. nov., a plant growth hormone indoleacetic acid-producing and nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from carrot rhizosphere soil
Jiawen Zheng, Yunyu Liao, Yang Li, Dongsheng Li, Yaping Sun, Zijun Xiao
Archives of Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Can Sugarcane Yield and Health Be Altered with Fully Mechanized Management?
Jian Xiao, Tian Liang, Shangdong Yang, Hongwei Tan
Agronomy.2023; 13(1): 153. CrossRef
Evaluation of Various Escherichia coli Strains for Enhanced Lycopene Production
Jun Ren, Junhao Shen, Thi Duc Thai, Min-gyun Kim, Seung Ho Lee, Wonseop Lim, Dokyun Na
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2023; 33(7): 973. CrossRef
Effects of flavonoids on membrane adaptation of food-associated bacteria
Maria Linden, Alexander Flegler, Michelle M. Feuereisen, Fabian Weber, André Lipski, Andreas Schieber
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes.2023; 1865(4): 184137. CrossRef
Four new Microbacterium species isolated from seaweeds and reclassification of five Microbacterium species with a proposal of Paramicrobacterium gen. nov. under a genome-based framework of the genus Microbacterium
Soon Dong Lee, Hong Lim Yang, In Seop Kim
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Microbacterium Cluster EA Bacteriophages: Phylogenomic Relationships and Host Range Predictions
Mark Milhaven, Cyril J. Versoza, Aman Garg, Lindsey Cai, Sanjana Cherian, Kamalei Johnson, Kevin Salas Perez, Madison Blanco, Jackelyn Lobatos, Corinne Mitra, Maria Strasser, Susanne P. Pfeifer
Microorganisms.2023; 11(1): 170. CrossRef
Valid publication of new names and new combinations effectively published outside the IJSEM. Validation List no. 203
Aharon Oren, George M. Garrity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Inhibitory Effect of Chlorophyllin on the Propionibacterium acnes-Induced Chemokine Expression: Mi-Sun Kang , Jin-Hee Kim , Boo-Ahn Shin , Hyun-Chul Lee , Youn-Shin Kim , Hae-Soon Lim , Jong-Suk Oh; J. Microbiol. 2013;51(6):844-849. Published online December 19, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-3015-y

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Abstract

Chlorophyllin (CHL), a chlorophyll-derivative, exhibits several beneficial properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. However, its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities against Propionibacterium acnes have not been described. The antibacterial activity of this compound was evaluated in vitro using the broth microdilution
method
. CHL had an inhibitory effect on the growth of P. acnes (MIC = 100 μM). In a real-time reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, CHL significantly decreased interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production in a dose-dependent manner, decreasing both mRNA and protein levels for these chemokines in THP-1 cells indicating the anti-inflammatory effects of it. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory properties of CHL in THP-1 cells stimulated by P. acnes, we used western blotting to analyze the effect of CHL on activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB. CHL inhibited P. acnes-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 production via blockade of NF-κB activation in THP-1 cells. Therefore, based on these results, we suggest that CHL is a useful agent to control the growth of P. acnes involved in acne inflammation and prevent acne.

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A chlorin e6 derivative-mediated photodynamic therapy for mild to moderate acne: A prospective, single-blind, randomized, split-face controlled study
Haiyan Zhang, Yan Zhao, Hui Tao, Chunmei Feng, Peiru Wang, Linglin Zhang, Xiaojing Liu, Yamei Chen, Xiuli Wang
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy.2024; 49: 104304. CrossRef
Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Potential of Chlorophyllin Against Streptococcus mutans In Vitro and In Silico
Seemrose Khan, Ihtisham Ul Haq, Imran Ali, Abdul Rehman, Mazen Almehmadi, Meshari A. Alsuwat, Tariq Zaman, Muhammad Qasim
Antibiotics.2024; 13(9): 899. CrossRef
Anti-Cancer Effect of Chlorophyllin-Assisted Photodynamic Therapy to Induce Apoptosis through Oxidative Stress on Human Cervical Cancer
Seong-Yeong Heo, Yeachan Lee, Tae-Hee Kim, Soo-Jin Heo, Hwarang Shin, Jiho Lee, Myunggi Yi, Hyun Wook Kang, Won-Kyo Jung
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(14): 11565. CrossRef
Propolis nanoparticle enhances the potency of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Streptococcus mutans in a synergistic manner
Shima Afrasiabi, Maryam Pourhajibagher, Nasim Chiniforush, Abbas Bahador
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of sub-lethal dose of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on major virulence traits of Streptococcus mutans
Shima Afrasiabi, Maryam Pourhajibagher, Nasim Chiniforush, Mahdi Aminian, Samaneh Sadat Rasi Varaei, Abbas Bahador
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy.2020; 32: 102044. CrossRef
Chlorophyll degradation by tetracycline and cadmium in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves
D. Rydzyński, A. I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak, H. Grajek, D. J. Michalczyk
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.2019; 16(10): 6301. CrossRef
Antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus fermentum against Staphylococcus aureus
Mi-Sun Kang, Hae-Soon Lim, Jong-Suk Oh, You-jin Lim, Karin Wuertz-Kozak, Janette M. Harro, Mark E. Shirtliff, Yvonne Achermann
Pathogens and Disease.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin Immobilization onto Hippospongia communis Marine Demosponge Skeleton and Its Antibacterial Activity
Małgorzata Norman, Przemysław Bartczak, Jakub Zdarta, Wiktor Tomala, Barbara Żurańska, Anna Dobrowolska, Adam Piasecki, Katarzyna Czaczyk, Hermann Ehrlich, Teofil Jesionowski
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2016; 17(10): 1564. CrossRef
Evaluation of anti‐acne properties of phloretin in vitro and in vivo
H. Kum, K.‐B. Roh, S. Shin, K. Jung, D. Park, E. Jung
International Journal of Cosmetic Science.2016; 38(1): 85. CrossRef

Effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on the Proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis: Mi-Sun Kang , Jong-Suk Oh , Seok-Woo Lee , Hoi-Soon Lim , Nam-Ki Choi , Seon-Mi Kim; J. Microbiol. 2012;50(1):137-142. Published online February 27, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-1286-3

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Abstract

While it is generally accepted that Propionibacterium acnes is involved in the development of acne, other bacteria including Staphylococcus epidermidis have also been isolated from the acne lesion. The interaction between Lactobacillus reuteri, a probiotic bacterium, and acnegenic bacteria is unclear. This study examined the effects of L. reuteri on the proliferation of P. acnes and S. epidermidis. Human-derived L. reuteri strains (KCTC 3594 and KCTC 3678) and rat-derived L. reuteri KCTC 3679 were used. All strains exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the growth of P. acnes and S. epidermidis. The proliferation of P. acnes was decreased by 2-log scales after incubation with L. reuteri for 24 h. In addition, the proliferation of S. epidermidis was decreased by 3-log scales after incubation with L. reuteri for 24 h, whereas the growth of L. reuteri was unaffected by P. acnes or S. epidermidis. Among the L. reuteri strains examined, L. reuteri KCTC 3679 had the strongest inhibitory effect on the growth of P. acnes and S. epidermidis, followed by L. reuteri KCTC 3594 and L. reuteri KCTC 3678. Interestingly, reuterin, an antimicrobial factor, was produced only by L. reuteri KCTC 3594. The most pronounced the antibacterial activities of L. reuteri were attributed to the production of organic acids. Overall, these results suggest that L. reuteri may be a useful probiotic agent to control the growth of bacteria involved in acne inflammation and prevent acne.

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Modulations of the skin microbiome in skin disorders: A narrative review from a wound care perspective
Antonia Piazzesi, Matteo Scanu, Guido Ciprandi, Lorenza Putignani
International Wound Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
15 % Azelaic acid gel modify the skin microbiota of acne vulgaris
Wenxin Yu, Huchi Shen, Beilei Cai, Yuanruo Xie, Yue Wang, Jing Wang
Journal of Dermatologic Science and Cosmetic Technology.2024; 1(4): 100041. CrossRef
Potential of Bifidobacteriumlactis IDCC 4301 isolated from breast milk‐fed infant feces as a probiotic and functional ingredient
O‐Hyun Ban, Won Yeong Bang, Hyeon Ji Jeon, Young Hoon Jung, Jungwoo Yang, Dong Hyun Kim
Food Science & Nutrition.2023; 11(4): 1952. CrossRef
Explore the Anti-Acne Mechanism of Licorice Flavonoids Based on Metabonomics and Microbiome
Shi-Fa Ruan, Yi Hu, Wen-Feng Wu, Qun-Qun Du, Zhu-Xian Wang, Ting-Ting Chen, Qun Shen, Li Liu, Cui-Ping Jiang, Hui Li, Yankui Yi, Chun-Yan Shen, Hong-Xia Zhu, Qiang Liu
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Probiyotiklerin Akne Vulgaris’e Etkisi
Nedime GÜNDÜZ, Reyhan İRKİN
Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu.2022; 7(2): 364. CrossRef
Host Microbiota Balance in Teenagers with Gum Hypertrophy Concomitant with Acne Vulgaris: Role of Oral Hygiene Associated with Topical Probiotics
Giovanna Mosaico, Giulia Artuso, Mara Pinna, Gloria Denotti, Germano Orrù, Cinzia Casu
Microorganisms.2022; 10(7): 1344. CrossRef
An approach to extend the shelf life of ribbonfish fillet using lactic acid bacteria cell-free culture supernatant
Du-Min Jo, Seul-Ki Park, Fazlurrahman Khan, Min-Gyun Kang, Jae-Hwa Lee, Young-Mog Kim
Food Control.2021; 123: 107731. CrossRef
Microbiome Modulation as a Therapeutic Approach in Chronic Skin Diseases
Karina Polak, Antal Jobbágy, Tomasz Muszyński, Kamila Wojciechowska, Aleksandra Frątczak, András Bánvölgyi, Beata Bergler-Czop, Norbert Kiss
Biomedicines.2021; 9(10): 1436. CrossRef
Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 as a Novel Topical Cosmetic Ingredient: A Proof of Concept Clinical Study in Adults with Atopic Dermatitis
Éile Butler, Christoffer Lundqvist, Jakob Axelsson
Microorganisms.2020; 8(7): 1026. CrossRef
Invitro synergistic activity of lactic acid bacteria against multi-drug resistant staphylococci
Jinal Bhola, Rama Bhadekar
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus fermentum against Staphylococcus aureus
Mi-Sun Kang, Hae-Soon Lim, Jong-Suk Oh, You-jin Lim, Karin Wuertz-Kozak, Janette M. Harro, Mark E. Shirtliff, Yvonne Achermann
Pathogens and Disease.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Acne vulgaris, probiotics and the gut-brain-skin axis: from anecdote to translational medicine
W. Bowe, N.B. Patel, A.C. Logan
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Katherine L. Baquerizo Nole, Elizabeth Yim, Jonette E. Keri
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Rosanna Capparelli, Francesco De Chiara, Nunzia Nocerino, Rosa Chiara Montella, Marco Iannaccone, Andrea Fulgione, Alessandra Romanelli, Concetta Avitabile, Giuseppe Blaiotta, Federico Capuano
BMC Immunology.2012;[Epub] CrossRef

Randomized Controlled Trial

Antimicrobial Activity of Enterocins from Enterococcus faecalis SL-5 against Propionibacterium acnes, the Causative Agent in Acne Vulgaris, and Its Therapeutic Effect: Bong Seon Kang , Jae-Gu Seo , Gwa-Su Lee , Jung-Hwa Kim , Sei Yeon Kim , Ye Won Han , Hoon Kang , Hyung Ok Kim , Ji Hwan Rhee , Myung-Jun Chung , Young Min Park; J. Microbiol. 2009;47(1):101-109. Published online February 20, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0179-y

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Abstract: A lactic acid bacterial strain was isolated from human fecal specimen and identified as Enterococcus faecalis SL-5. The isolated strain showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive pathogens assayed, especially the highest activity against Propionibacterium acnes. The antimicrobial substance was purified and verified as a bacteriocin (named ESL5) of E. faecalis SL-5 by activity-staining using P. acnes as an indicator. N-terminal sequence of ESL5 was determined (MGAIAKLVAK) and sequence analysis revealed that it is almost identical to the some of enterocins including L50A/B of E. faecium L50 and MR10A/B of E. faecalis MRR 10-3. From the sequencing data of L50A/B structural genes, the nucleotide sequence showed 100% identity with that of the MR10A/B structural genes, implying that ESL5 is an equivalent of enterocin MR10. Meanwhile, we also tested the therapeutic effect of anti-P. acnes activity in patients with mild to moderate acne because of its pathogenic role to acne vulgaris. For this purpose, a concentrated powder of CBT SL-5 was prepared using cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) of E. faecalis SL-5 and included in a lotion for application in the patients. The study showed that CBT SL-5 lotion significantly reduced the inflammatory lesions like pustules compared to the placebo lotion. Therefore our results indicate that the anti-P. acnes activity produced by E. faecalis SL-5 has potential role to the treatment of acne as an alternative to topical antibiotics.

Journal Article

In vitro Activity of Kaempferol Isolated from the Impatiens balsamina alone and in Combination with Erythromycin or Clindamycin against Propionibacterium acnes: Young-Hee Lim , In-Hwan Kim , Jung-Ju Seo; J. Microbiol. 2007;45(5):473-477.; DOI: https://doi.org/2587 [pii]

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Abstract: The in vitro antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant Propionibacterium acnes of kaempferol isolated from the Impatiens balsamina alone and in combination with erythromycin or clindamycin antibiotics was investigated. The antibiotic combination effect against antibiotic-resistant P. acnes was studied by checkerboard test. Kaempferol and quercetin demonstrated antibacterial activities against P. acnes. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for both compounds were ≤32 μg/ml and ≤64 μg/ml for clindamycin-sensitive and-resistant P. acnes, respectively. The four combination formulations (kaempferol and either erythromycin or clindamycin; quercetin and either erythromycin or clindamycin) exhibited a synergic inhibition of P. acnes growth. The combination of kaempferol with quercetin showed an indifferent effect. The combination of clindamycin with kaempferol or quercetin showed a greater synergic effect than that of erythromycin with kaempferol or quercetin. Thus, these combinations demonstrated the potential to treat acne.

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Antibody Response to Crude Cell Lysate of Propionibacterium acnes and Induction of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Acne and Normal Healthy Subjects: Basal , E. , A. , Kaushal , G.P.; J. Microbiol. 2004;42(2):117-125.; DOI: https://doi.org/2035 [pii]

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Abstract: Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) plays an important role in the disease pathogenesis of acne vulgaris, a disorder of pilosebaceous follicles, seen primarily in the adolescent age group. In the present study, the presence of antibodies against P. acnes (MTCC1951) were detected in acne patient (n=50) and disease free controls (n=25) using dot-ELISA and Western blot assay. The ability of P. acnes to induce proinflammatory cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), obtained from acne patients and healthy subjects, were also analysed. The patients (n=26) who were culture positive for skin swab culture, were found to have a more advanced disease and higher antibody titres (1:4000 to >1:16000) compared to the P. acnes negative patients (n=24) and normal controls (n=25). An analysis of patients' sera by western blot assay recognized a number of antigenic components of P. acnes, ranging from 29 to 205 kDa. The major reactive component was an approximately 96 kDa polypeptide, which was recognised in 92% (24 of 26) of the patients sera. Further, the P. acnes culture supernatant, crude cell lysate and heat killed P. acnes whole cells, obtained from 72-h incubation culture, were observed to be able to induce significant amounts of IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-[alpha]) by the PBMCs in both the healthy subjects and patients, as analysed by cytokine-ELISA. The levels of cytokines were significantly higher in the patients than the healthy subjects. A major 96 kDa polypeptide reactant was eluted from the gel and was found to cause dose dependent stimulation of the productions of IL-8 and TNF-[alpha]. Thus, the above results suggest that both humoral and pro-inflammatory responses play major roles in the pathogenesis of acne.

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