Journal Article
- Inhibitory effects of bee venom and its components against viruses in vitro and in vivo
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Md Bashir Uddin , Byeong-Hoon Lee , Chamilani Nikapitiya , Jae-Hoon Kim , Tae-Hwan Kim , Hyun-Cheol Lee , Choul Goo Kim , Jong-Soo Lee , Chul-Joong Kim
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J. Microbiol. 2016;54(12):853-866. Published online November 26, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6376-1
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Abstract
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Bee venom (BV) from honey bee (Apis Melifera L.) contains
at least 18 pharmacologically active components including
melittin (MLT), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and apamin etc.
BV is safe for human treatments dose dependently and proven
to possess different healing properties including antibacterial
and antiparasitidal properties. Nevertheless, antiviral
properties of BV have not well investigated. Hence, we
identified the potential antiviral properties of BV and its
component against a broad panel of viruses. Co-incubation
of non-cytotoxic amounts of BV and MLT, the main component
of BV, significantly inhibited the replication of enveloped
viruses such as Influenza A virus (PR8), Vesicular
Stomatitis Virus (VSV), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV),
and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). Additionally, BV and MLT
also inhibited the replication of non-enveloped viruses such
as Enterovirus-71 (EV-71) and Coxsackie Virus (H3). Such
antiviral properties were mainly explained by virucidal mechanism.
Moreover, MLT protected mice which were challenged
with lethal doses of pathogenic influenza A H1N1
viruses. Therefore, these results provides the evidence that BV
and MLT could be a potential source as a promising antiviral
agent, especially to develop as a broad spectrum antiviral
agent.
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Citations
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- Antiviral Activities of Flavonoids Isolated from the Bark of Rhus verniciflua Stokes against Fish Pathogenic Viruses In Vitro
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So Young Kang , Ji-Young Kang , Myung-Joo Oh
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J. Microbiol. 2012;50(2):293-300. Published online April 27, 2012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2068-7
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Abstract
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An 80% methanolic extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes bark
showed significant anti-viral activity against fish pathogenic
infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and
viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in a cell-based
assay measuring virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE).
Activity-guided fractionation and isolation for the 80%
methanolic extract of R. verniciflua yielded the most active
ethyl acetate fraction, and methyl gallate (1) and four flavonoids:
fustin (2), fisetin (3), butin (4) and sulfuretin (5).
Among them, fisetin (3) exhibited high antiviral activities
against both IHNV and VHSV showing EC50 values of 27.1
and 33.3 μM with selective indices (SI = CC50/EC50) more
than 15, respectively. Fustin (2) and sulfuretin (5) displayed
significant antiviral activities showing EC50 values of 91.2–
197.3 μM against IHNV and VHSV. In addition, the antiviral
activity of fisetin against IHNV and VHSV occurred
up to 5 hr post-infection and was not associated with direct
virucidal effects in a timed addition study using a plaque
reduction assay. These results suggested that the bark of R.
verniciflua and isolated flavonoids have significant anti-viral
activity against IHNV and VHSV, and also have potential
to be used as anti-viral therapeutics against fish viral diseases.