The detailed antibacterial mechanism of cordycepin efficacy
against food-borne germs remains ambiguous. In this study,
the antibacterial activity and action mechanism of cordycepin
were assessed. The results showed that cordycepin effectively
inhibited the growth of seven bacterial pathogens
including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial
pathogens; the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)
were 2.5 and 1.25 mg/ml against Escherichia coli and Bacillus
subtilis, respectively. Scanning electron microscope and
transmission electron microscope examination confirmed
that cordycepin caused obvious damages in the cytoplasmatic
membranes of both E. coli and B. subtilis. Outer membrane
permeability assessment indicated the loss of barrier function
and the leakage of cytoplasmic contents. Propidium
iodide and carboxyfluorescein diacetate double staining approach
coupled with flow cytometry analysis indicated that
the integrity of cell membrane was severely damaged during
a short time, while the intracellular enzyme system still
remained active. This clearly suggested that membrane damage
was one of the reasons for cordycepin efficacy against
bacteria. Additionally, results from circular dichroism and
fluorescence analysis indicated cordycepin could insert to
genome DNA base and double strand, which disordered the
structure of genomic DNA. Basis on these results, the mode
of bactericidal action of cordycepin against E. coli and B.
subtilis was found to be a dual mechanism, disrupting bacterial
cell membranes and binding to bacterial genomic DNA
to interfere in cellular functions, ultimately leading to cell
death.
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