Most commercialized virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines use
aluminum salt as adjuvant, even though VLPs provoke adequate
antibody responses without adjuvant. We do not have
detailed knowledge of how adjuvant affects the profile of anti-
VLP antibodies. Meanwhile, there is evidence that differences
between vaccination protocols influence the glycosylation of
antibodies, which may alter their effector functions. In the
present study a murine model was used to investigate the effects
of dosing schedule and adjuvant on the antibody profiles
and glycosylation levels of antigen-specific antibody responses
to human papillomavirus type 16 L1 (HPV16 L1)
VLPs. Mice received subcutaneously 2,000 ng of antigen divided
into 4 or 7 doses. The HPV16 L1 VLPs elicited > 4 log10
anti-HPV16 L1 IgG titers without adjuvant, and aluminum
hydroxide as adjuvant increased IgG titers 1.3- to 4-fold and
reduced the anti-HPV16 L1 IgG2a / anti-HPV16 L1 IgG1
ratio value (use of aluminum hydroxide reduced the ratio of
the IgG2a). Immunization with HPV16 L1 VLPs in combination
with Freund’s adjuvant enhanced IgG titers 5- to 12-
fold. Seven-dose immunization markedly increased anti-
HPV16 L1 IgM titers compared to four-dose immunization,
as well as increasing the proportion of glycosylated antibodies.
Our results suggest that antibody glycosylation can be controlled
immunologically, and IgG and IgM profiles and glycosylation
profiles of the vaccine-induced antibodies can be
used as indicators reflecting the vaccine characteristics. These results indicate that the HPV16 L1 VLP dosing schedule can
affect the quality of antigen-specific antibody responses. We
suggest that dosing schedules should be noted in vaccination
protocols for VLP-based vaccines.
Citations
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