Streptococcus mutans is a major etiologic agent of human
dental caries that forms biofilms on hard tissues in the human
oral cavity, such as tooth and dentinal surfaces. Human
β-defensin-3 (HBD3) is a 45-amino-acid natural antimicrobial
peptide that has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity
against bacteria and fungi. A synthetic peptide consisting of
the C-terminal 15 amino acids of HBD3 (HBD3-C15) was
recently shown to be sufficient for its antimicrobial activity.
Thus, clinical applications of this peptide have garnered
attention. In this study, we investigated whether HBD3-C15
inhibits the growth of the representative cariogenic pathogen
Streptococcus mutans and its biofilm formation. HBD3-C15
inhibited bacterial growth, exhibited bactericidal activity,
and attenuated bacterial biofilm formation in a dose-dependent
manner. HBD3-C15 potentiated the bactericidal and
anti-biofilm activity of calcium hydroxide (CH) and chlorhexidine
digluconate (CHX), which are representative disinfectants
used in dental clinics, against S. mutans. Moreover,
HBD3-C15 showed antimicrobial activity by inhibiting biofilm
formation by S. mutans and other dentinophilic bacteria
such as Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus gordonii,
which are associated with dental caries and endodontic
infection, on human dentin slices. These effects were observed
for HBD3-C15 alone and for HBD3-C15 in combination with
CH or CHX. Therefore, we suggest that HBD3-C15 is a potential
alternative or additive disinfectant that can be used
for the treatment of oral infectious diseases, including dental
caries and endodontic infections.
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