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- Antifungal activity of violacein purified from a novel strain of Chromobacterium sp. NIIST (MTCC 5522)
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Anju Sasidharan , Nishanth Kumar Sasidharan , Dileepkumar Bhaskaran Nair Saraswathy Amma , Radhakrishnan Kokkuvayil Vasu , Anupama Vijaya Nataraja , Krishnakumar Bhaskaran
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J. Microbiol. 2015;53(10):694-701. Published online October 2, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5173-6
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Abstract
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A novel strain of Chromobacterium sp. NIIST (MTCC 5522)
producing high level of purple blue bioactive compound violacein
was isolated from clay mine acidic sediment. During
24 h aerobic incubation in modified Luria Bertani medium,
around 0.6 g crude violacein was produced per gram of dry
weight biomass. An inexpensive method for preparing crystalline,
pure violacein from crude pigment was developed (12.8
mg violacein/L) and the pure compound was characterized
by different spectrometric methods. The violacein prepared
was found effective against a number of plant and human
pathogenic fungi and yeast species such as Cryptococcus gastricus,
Trichophyton rubrum, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia
solani, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium expansum, and
Candida albicans. The best activity was recorded against Trichophyton
rubrum (2 μg/ml), a human pathogen responsible
for causing athlete’s foot infection. This is the first report of
antifungal activity of purified violacein against pathogenic
fungi and yeast.
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Citations
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- An endophytic Coniochaeta velutina producing broad spectrum antimycotics
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Jie Xie , Gary A. Strobel , Tao Feng , Huishuang Ren , Morgan T. Mends , Zeyang Zhou , Brad Geary
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J. Microbiol. 2015;53(6):390-397. Published online May 30, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5105-5
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Abstract
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An endophyte (PC27-5) was isolated from stem tissue of
Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) in a Pacific Northwest
temperate rainforest. Phylogenetic analyses, based on ITS-
5.8S rDNA and 18S rDNA sequence data, combined with
cultural and morphological analysis showed that endophyte
PC27-5 exhibited all characteristics of a fungus identical to
Coniochaeta velutina. Furthermore, wide spectrum antimycotics
were produced by this endophyte that were active
against such plant pathogens as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Pythium
ultimum, and Verticillium dahliae and lethal to Phythophthora
cinnamomi, Pythium ultimum, and Phytophthora
palmivora in plate tests. The bioactive components were purified
through organic solvent extraction, followed by silica
column chromatography, and finally preparative HPLC. The
minimum inhibitory concentration of the active fraction to
Pythium ultimum, which was gained from preparative HPLC,
was 11 ?/ml. UPLC-HRMS analysis showed there were two
similar components in the antimycotic fraction. Their molecular
formulae were established as C30H22O11 (compound I)
and C30H22O10 (compound II) respectively, and preliminary
spectral results indicate that they are anthroquinone glycosides.
Other non ?biologically active compounds were identified
in culture fluids of this fungus by spectral means as emodin
and chrysophanol - anthroquinone derivatives. This is
the first report that Coniochaeta velutina as an endophyte
produces bioactive antifungal components.
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