Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Regulatory role of cysteines in (2R, 3R)-butanediol dehydrogenase BdhA of Bacillus velezensis strain GH1-13: Yunhee Choi , Yong-Hak Kim; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(4):411-418. Published online March 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2018-y

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Bacillus velezensis strain GH1-13 contains a (2R,3R)-butanediol dehydrogenase (R-BDH) BdhA which converts acetoin to R-BD reversibly, however, little is known about its regulatory cysteine and biological significance. We performed sitedirected mutation of three cysteines in BdhA. The C37S mutant had no enzyme activity and the C34S and C177S mutants differed from each other and wild type (WT). After zinc affinity chromatography, 1 mM ZnCl2 treatment resulted in a 3-fold enhancement of the WT activity, but reduced activity of the C34S mutant by more than 2 folds compared to the untreated ones. However, ZnCl2 treatment did not affect the activity of the C177S mutant. Most of the double and triple mutant proteins (C34S/C37S, C34S/C177S, C37S/C177S, and C34S/C37S/C177S) were aggregated in zinc resins, likely due to the decreased protein stability. All of the purified WT and single mutant proteins increased multiple intermolecular disulfide bonds in the presence of H2O2 as the buffer pH decreased from 7.5 to 5.5, whereas an intramolecular disulfide bond of cysteine 177 and another cysteine in the CGIC motif region was likely formed at pH higher than pKa of 7.5. When pH varied, WT and its C34S or C177S mutants reduced acetoin to R-BD at the optimum pH 5.5 and oxidized R-BD to acetoin at the optimum pH 10. This study demonstrated that cysteine residues in BdhA play a regulatory role for the production of acetoin and R-BD depending on pH as well as metal binding and oxidative stress.

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Significantly enhanced specific activity of Bacillus subtilis (2,3)-butanediol dehydrogenase through computer-aided refinement of its substrate-binding pocket
Bochun Hu, Xiaoqi Xi, Fugang Xiao, Xiaomeng Bai, Yuanyuan Gong, Yifan Li, Xueqin Qiao, Cunduo Tang, Jihong Huang
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2024; 281: 136443. CrossRef
Structural and enzymatic characterization of Bacillus subtilis R,R-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase
Xiaofei Wang, Lingyun Jia, Fangling Ji
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects.2023; 1867(4): 130326. CrossRef
Engineering a BsBDHA substrate-binding pocket entrance for the improvement in catalytic performance toward (R)-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol based on the computer-aided design
Bo-Chun Hu, Meng-Ran Li, Ying-Ying Li, Xin-Shuang Yuan, Yu-Ye Hu, Fu-Gang Xiao
Biochemical Engineering Journal.2023; 194: 108907. CrossRef

Oxygen-mediated growth enhancement of an obligate anaerobic archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1: Seong Hyuk Lee , Hwan Youn , Sung Gyun Kang , Hyun Sook Lee; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(2):138-142. Published online January 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8592-y

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Abstract

Thermococcus onnurineus NA1, an obligate anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon, showed variable oxygen (O2) sensitivity depending on the types of substrate employed as an energy source. Unexpectedly, the culture with yeast extract as a sole energy source showed enhanced growth by 2-fold in the presence of O2. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis revealed the upregulation of several antioxidant-related genes encoding thioredoxin peroxidase (TON_0862), rubrerythrin (TON_0864), rubrerythrin-related protein (TON_0873), NAD(P)H rubredoxin oxidoreductase (TON_0865), or thioredoxin reductase (TON_1603), which can couple the detoxification of reactive oxygen species with the regeneration of NAD(P)+ from NAD(P)H. We present a plausible mechanism by which O2 serves to maintain the intracellular redox balance. This study demonstrates an unusual strategy of an obligate anaerobe underlying O2-mediated growth enhancement despite not having heme-based or cytochrome-type proteins.

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How low can they go? Aerobic respiration by microorganisms under apparent anoxia
Jasmine S Berg, Soeren Ahmerkamp, Petra Pjevac, Bela Hausmann, Jana Milucka, Marcel M M Kuypers
FEMS Microbiology Reviews.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Reductive evolution and unique predatory mode in the CPR bacterium Vampirococcus lugosii
David Moreira, Yvan Zivanovic, Ana I. López-Archilla, Miguel Iniesto, Purificación López-García
Nature Communications.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Photosynthetic and biochemical responses of the freshwater green algae Closterium ehrenbergii Meneghini (Conjugatophyceae) exposed to the metal coppers and its implication for toxicity testing: Hui Wang , Vinitha Ebenezer , Jang-Seu Ki; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(6):426-434. Published online June 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8081-8

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Abstract

The freshwater green algae Closterium is sensitive to water quality, and hence has been suggested as ideal organisms for toxicity testing. In the present study, we evaluated the photosynthetic and biochemical responses of C. ehrenbergii to the common contaminants, coppers. The 72 h median effective concentrations (EC50) of CuSO4 and CuCl2 on the test organism were calculated to be 0.202 mg/L and 0.245 mg/L, respectively. Exposure to both coppers considerably decreased pigment levels and photosynthetic efficiency, while inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells with increased exposure time. Moreover, the coppers significantly increased the levels of lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, even at relatively lower concentrations. These suggest that copper contaminants may exert deleterious effects on the photosynthesis and cellular oxidative stress of C. ehrenbergii, representing its powerful potential in aquatic toxicity assessments.

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Photosynthetic and antioxidant responses of Ankistrodesmus flexuosus and Curvastrum pantanale to environmentally relevant copper concentrations
Suleiman Dauda, Ana Teresa Lombardi
Physiologia Plantarum.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular characterization of a catalase gene in the freshwater green alga Closterium ehrenbergii and its putative function against abiotic stresses
Hui Wang, Peiling Wu, Fengru Li, Jeongmin Shin, Jang-Seu Ki
European Journal of Protistology.2024; 95: 126111. CrossRef
Two novel glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes in the toxic marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum and their transcriptional responses to environmental contaminants
Hyunjun Park, Han-Sol Kim, Sofia Abassi, Quynh Thi Nhu Bui, Jang-Seu Ki
Science of The Total Environment.2024; 915: 169983. CrossRef
Sub‐lethal effects of metals and pesticides on the freshwater dinoflagellate Palatinus apiculatus and environmental implications
Quynh Thi Nhu Bui, Taehee Kim, Han‐Sol Kim, Seokmin Lee, Seungjun Lee, Jang‐Seu Ki
Water Environment Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative assessment of algaecide performance on freshwater phytoplankton: Understanding differential sensitivities to frame cyanobacteria management
Malihe Mehdizadeh Allaf, Kevin J. Erratt, Hassan Peerhossaini
Water Research.2023; 234: 119811. CrossRef
Assessment of Membrane and Electrochemical Technologies for the Treatment of a Selenium-Bearing Mine water: Technology Performance and Effect on Toxicity and Bioaccumulation
Mohammadali Baghbanzadeh, Sylvain Dillon, Konstantin Volchek, Carrie Rickwood, Richard R. Goulet
Mine Water and the Environment.2023; 42(3): 361. CrossRef
Toxic effect of copper on soil microalgae: experimental data and critical review
Y. Maltsev, S. Maltseva, M. Kulikovskiy
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.2023; 20(10): 10903. CrossRef
Molecular cloning and oxidative‐stress responses of a novel Phi class glutathione S‐transferase (GSTF) gene in the freshwater algae Closterium ehrenbergii
Sofia Abassi, Hui Wang, Hansol Kim, Jang‐Seu Ki
Environmental Toxicology.2022; 37(4): 789. CrossRef
The effects of copper ions and copper nanomaterials on the output of amino acids from marine microalgae
Wenqiu Huang, Yuping Zhou, Ting Zhao, Liju Tan, Jiangtao Wang
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2022; 29(7): 9780. CrossRef
Heavy metal–induced stress in eukaryotic algae—mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance with particular emphasis on oxidative stress in exposed cells and the role of antioxidant response
Beatrycze Nowicka
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2022; 29(12): 16860. CrossRef
Synthesis, characterisation and cytotoxicity of gold microwires for ultra-sensitive biosensor development
Nurul Akmal Che Lah, Robert Gray, Sonia Trigueros
Microbial Cell Factories.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Transcriptomic sequencing reveals the response of Dunaliella salina to copper stress via the increased photosynthesis and carbon mechanism
Na Ling, Weilu Li, Guiguo Xu, Zheng Qi, Chenfeng Ji, Xiaorui Liu, Di Cui, Yuan Sun
Molecular Omics.2021; 17(5): 769. CrossRef
Evaluation of the operational conditions in the production and morphology of Chlorella sp.
L. Rendón-Castrillón, M. Ramírez-Carmona, C. Ocampo-López, R. Giraldo-Aristizabal
Brazilian Journal of Biology.2021; 81(1): 202. CrossRef
Self-polishing emulsion platforms: Eco-friendly surface engineering of coatings toward water borne marine antifouling
Jianbin Zhang, Yizhe Liu, Xingwei Wang, Chaoyang Zhang, Hui Liu, Wufang Yang, Meirong Cai, Xiaowei Pei, Feng Zhou
Progress in Organic Coatings.2020; 149: 105945. CrossRef
Molecular identification, differential expression and protective roles of iron/manganese superoxide dismutases in the green algae Closterium ehrenbergii against metal stress
Hui Wang, Jang-Seu Ki
European Journal of Protistology.2020; 74: 125689. CrossRef
Molecular characterization and expression analysis of copper‐zinc superoxide dismutases from the freshwater alga Closterium ehrenbergii under metal stress
Hui Wang, Jang‐Seu Ki
Environmental Toxicology.2020; 35(1): 5. CrossRef
Effect of polymeric biocide polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride on morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat seedlings under copper stress
L. Lyoshyna, O. Tarasyuk, O. Bulko, S. Rogalsky, T. Kamenieva, M. Kuchuk
Agricultural Science and Practice.2020; 7(1): 49. CrossRef
The Growth, Population Size Structure, Physiological Changes, and Ultrastructure of the Microalga Picochlorum maculatum (Chlorophyta) under Sublethal Copper Concentrations
Zh. V. Markina
Russian Journal of Marine Biology.2020; 46(5): 346. CrossRef
Genome analyses provide insights into the evolution and adaptation of the eukaryotic Picophytoplankton Mychonastes homosphaera
Changqing Liu, Xiaoli Shi, Fan Wu, Mingdong Ren, Guang Gao, Qinglong Wu
BMC Genomics.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Small heat shock protein genes of the green algae Closterium ehrenbergii: Cloning and differential expression under heat and heavy metal stresses
Sofia Abassi, Hui Wang, Thangaraj Ponmani, Jang‐Seu Ki
Environmental Toxicology.2019; 34(9): 1013. CrossRef
Yellow clay modulates carbohydrate and glutathione responses in the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides and leads to sedimentation
Jang-Seu Ki, Vinitha Ebenezer, Weol-Ae Lim
European Journal of Protistology.2019; 71: 125642. CrossRef
Differential transcriptional responses of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in the marine green alga Tetraselmis suecica exposed to redox and non-redox active metals
Ramaraj Sathasivam, Jang-Seu Ki
Molecular Biology Reports.2019; 46(1): 1167. CrossRef
Origin and roles of a novel copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) gene from the harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum
Hui Wang, Sofia Abassi, Jang-Seu Ki
Gene.2019; 683: 113. CrossRef
Enhancement of growth and paramylon production of Euglena gracilis by co-cultivation with Pseudoalteromonas sp. MEBiC 03485
Min Seo Jeon, Jeong-Joo Oh, Jee Young Kim, Sang-Il Han, Sang Jun Sim, Yoon-E Choi
Bioresource Technology.2019; 288: 121513. CrossRef
Molecular cloning and oxidative-stress responses of a novel manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum
Hui Wang, Hansol Kim, Weol-Ae Lim, Jang-Seu Ki
Molecular Biology Reports.2019; 46(6): 5955. CrossRef

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Heat Shock Causes Oxidative Stress and Induces a Variety of Cell Rescue Proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae KNU5377: Il-Sup Kim , Hye-Youn Moon , Hae-Sun Yun , Ingnyol Jin; J. Microbiol. 2006;44(5):492-501.; DOI: https://doi.org/2449 [pii]

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Abstract: In this study, we attempted to characterize the physiological response to oxidative stress by heat shock in Saccharomyces cerevisiae KNU5377 (KNU5377) that ferments at a temperature of 40°C. The KNU5377 strain evidenced a very similar growth rate at 40°C as was recorded under normal conditions. Unlike the laboratory strains of S. cerevisiae, the cell viability of KNU5377 was affected slightly under 2 hours of heat stress conditions at 43°C. KNU5377 evidenced a time-dependent increase in hydroperoxide levels, carbonyl contents, and malondialdehyde (MDA), which increased in the expression of a variety of cell rescue proteins containing Hsp104p, Ssap, Hsp30p, Sod1p, catalase, glutathione reductase, G6PDH, thioredoxin, thioredoxin peroxidase (Tsa1p), Adhp, Aldp, trehalose and glycogen at high temperature. Pma1/2p, Hsp90p and H+-ATPase expression levels were reduced as the result of exposure to heat shock. With regard to cellular fatty acid composition, levels of unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) were increased significantly at high temperatures (43°C), and this was particularly true of oleic acid (C18:1). The results of this study indicated that oxidative stress as the result of heat shock may induce a more profound stimulation of trehalose, antioxidant enzymes, and heat shock proteins, as well as an increase in the USFAs ratios. This might contribute to cellular protective functions for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and may also contribute to membrane fluidity.

Protective Effects of Antoxidant Enzymes of Candida albicans against Oxidative Killing by Macrophages: Kim, Hye Jin , Na, Byoung Kuk , Kim, Moon Bo , Choi, Duk Young , Song, Chul Yong; J. Microbiol. 1999;37(2):117-122.

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Abstract: Protective roles of antioxidant enzymes, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and catalase of Candida albicans against exogenous reactive oxygens and oxidative killing by macrophages were investigated. The initial growth of C. albicans was inhibited by reactive, oxygen-producing chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide, pyrogallol, and paraquat, but it was restored as the production of antioxidant enzymes were increased. The growth inhibition of C. albicans by reactive, oxygen-producing chemicals was reduced by treating the purified candidal SOD and catalase. Also, in the presence of SOD and catalase, the oxidative killing of C. albicans by macrophages was significantly inhibited. These results suggest that antioxidant enzymes, CuZnSOD, MnSOD, and catalase of C. albicans may play important roles in the protection of C. albicans not only from exogenous oxidative stress but also from oxidative killing by macrophages.

Alterations in the Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes of Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells Infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi: Young-Sang Koh; J. Microbiol. 2001;39(2):142-145.

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Abstract: Changes in the activities of several antioxidant enzymes in transformed human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) by infection with the obligate intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, were investigated. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly decreased in HMEC-1 cells infected with O. tsutsugamushi. However, the level of superoxide dismutase increased slightly. Furthermore, increased levels of intracellular peroxide was observed in HMEC-1 during infection. These results support the hypothesis that cells infected by this intracellular bacterium experience oxidant-mediated injury that may eventually contribute to cell death.

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