Organisms living in extreme environments have evolved a
wide range of survival strategies by changing biochemical and
physiological features depending on their biological niches.
Interestingly, organisms exhibiting high radiation resistance
have been discovered in the three domains of life (Bacteria,
Archaea, and Eukarya), even though a naturally radiationintensive
environment has not been found. To counteract
the deleterious effects caused by radiation exposure, radiation-
resistant organisms employ a series of defensive systems,
such as changes in intracellular cation concentration, excellent
DNA repair systems, and efficient enzymatic and non-enzymatic
antioxidant systems. Here, we overview past and recent
findings about radiation-resistance mechanisms in the
three domains of life for potential usage of such radiationresistant
microbes in the biotechnology industry.
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