Journal of Microbiology

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Vaccine Development for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Dogs: Seok-Chan Park, Da-Eun Jeong, Sun-Woo Han, Joon-Seok Chae, Joo-Yong Lee, Hyun-Sook Kim, Bumseok Kim, Jun-Gu Kang; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(4):327-335. Published online April 18, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00119-y

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Abstract: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a life-threatening viral zoonosis. The causative agent of this disease is the Dabie bandavirus, which is usually known as the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Although the role of vertebrates in SFTSV transmission to humans remains uncertain, some reports have suggested that dogs could potentially transmit SFTSV to humans. Consequently, preventive measures against SFTSV in dogs are urgently needed. In the present study, dogs were immunized three times at two-week intervals with formaldehyde-inactivated SFTSV with two types of adjuvants. SFTSV (KCD46) was injected into all dogs two weeks after the final immunization. Control dogs showed viremia from 2 to 4 days post infection (dpi), and displayed white pulp atrophy in the spleen, along with a high level of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling assay (TUNEL) positive area. However, the inactivated SFTSV vaccine groups exhibited rare pathological changes and significantly reduced TUNEL positive areas in the spleen. Furthermore, SFTSV viral loads were not detected at any of the tested dpi. Our results indicate that both adjuvants can be safely used in combination with an inactivated SFTSV formulation to induce strong neutralizing antibodies. Inactivated SFTSV vaccines effectively prevent pathogenicity and viremia in dogs infected with SFTSV. In conclusion, our study highlighted the potential of inactivated SFTSV vaccination for SFTSV control in dogs.

The velvet repressed vidA gene plays a key role in governing development in Aspergillus nidulans: Min-Ju Kim , Won-Hee Jung , Ye-Eun Son , Jae-Hyuk Yu , Mi-Kyung Lee , Hee-Soo Park; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(10):893-899. Published online August 28, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9214-4

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Fungal development is regulated by a variety of transcription factors in Aspergillus nidulans. Previous studies demonstrated that the NF-κB type velvet transcription factors regulate certain target genes that govern fungal differentiation and cellular metabolism. In this study, we characterize one of the VosA/VelB-inhibited developmental genes called vidA, which is predicted to encode a 581-amino acid protein with a C2H2 zinc finger domain at the C-terminus. Levels of vidA mRNA are high during the early and middle phases of asexual development and decrease during the late phase of asexual development and asexual spore (conidium) formation. Deletion of either vosA or velB results in increased vidA mRNA accumulation in conidia, suggesting that vidA transcript accumulation in conidia is repressed by VosA and VelB. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated that deletion of vidA causes decreased colony growth, reduced production of asexual spores, and abnormal formation of sexual fruiting bodies. In addition, the vidA deletion mutant conidia contain more trehalose and β-glucan than wild type. Overall, these results suggest that VidA is a putative transcription factor that plays a key role in governing proper fungal growth, asexual and sexual development, and conidia formation in A. nidulans.

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Regulators of the Asexual Life Cycle of Aspergillus nidulans
Ye-Eun Son, Jae-Hyuk Yu, Hee-Soo Park
Cells.2023; 12(11): 1544. CrossRef
The Forkhead Gene fkhB is Necessary for Proper Development in Aspergillus nidulans
Seo-Yeong Jang, Ye-Eun Son, Dong-Soon Oh, Kap-Hoon Han, Jae-Hyuk Yu, Hee-Soo Park
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2023; 33(11): 1420. CrossRef
The function of a conidia specific transcription factor CsgA in Aspergillus nidulans
He-Jin Cho, Hee-Soo Park
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Putative C2H2 Transcription Factor VadH Governs Development, Osmotic Stress Response, and Sterigmatocystin Production in Aspergillus nidulans
Xiaoyu Li, Yanxia Zhao, Heungyun Moon, Jieyin Lim, Hee-Soo Park, Zhiqiang Liu, Jae-Hyuk Yu
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The Role of Chromatin and Transcriptional Control in the Formation of Sexual Fruiting Bodies in Fungi
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The putative sensor histidine kinase VadJ coordinates development and sterigmatocystin production in Aspergillus nidulans
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Unveiling the Functions of the VosA-VelB Target GenevidDinAspergillus nidulans
Ye-Eun Son, Hee-Soo Park
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Velvet activated McrA plays a key role in cellular and metabolic development in Aspergillus nidulans
Mi-Kyung Lee, Ye-Eun Son, Hee-Soo Park, Ahmad Alshannaq, Kap-Hoon Han, Jae-Hyuk Yu
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The role of the VosA-repressed dnjA gene in development and metabolism in Aspergillus species
Ye-Eun Son, He-Jin Cho, Wanping Chen, Sung-Hun Son, Mi-Kyung Lee, Jae-Hyuk Yu, Hee-Soo Park
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Homeobox proteins are essential for fungal differentiation and secondary metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans
Sung-Hun Son, Ye-Eun Son, He-Jin Cho, Wanping Chen, Mi-Kyung Lee, Lee-Han Kim, Dong-Min Han, Hee-Soo Park
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The brlA Gene Deletion Reveals That Patulin Biosynthesis Is Not Related to Conidiation in Penicillium expansum
Chrystian Zetina-Serrano, Ophélie Rocher, Claire Naylies, Yannick Lippi, Isabelle P. Oswald, Sophie Lorber, Olivier Puel
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2020; 21(18): 6660. CrossRef

Review

REVIEW] Developmental regulators in Aspergillus fumigatus: Hee-Soo Park , Jae-Hyuk Yu; J. Microbiol. 2016;54(3):223-231. Published online February 27, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-5619-5

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Abstract

The filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent airborne fungal pathogen causing severe and usually fatal invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. This fungus produces a large number of small hydrophobic asexual spores called conidia as the primary means of reproduction, cell survival, propagation, and infectivity. The initiation, progression, and completion of asexual development (conidiation) is controlled by various regulators that govern expression of thousands of genes associated with formation of the asexual developmental structure conidiophore, and biogenesis of conidia. In this review, we summarize key regulators that directly or indirectly govern conidiation in this important pathogenic fungus. Better understanding these developmental regulators may provide insights into the improvement in controlling both beneficial and detrimental aspects of various Aspergillus species.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

A Putative APSES Transcription Factor Is Necessary for Normal Growth and Development of Aspergillus nidulans: Ji-Yeon Lee , Lee-Han Kim , Ha-Eun Kim , Jae-Sin Park , Kap-Hoon Han , Dong-Min Han; J. Microbiol. 2013;51(6):800-806. Published online December 19, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-3100-2

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Abstract

The nsdD gene encoding a GATA type transcription factor positively controls sexual development in Aspergillus nidulans. According to microarray data, 20 genes that were upregulated by deleting nsdD during various life cycle stages were randomly selected and deleted for functional analysis. None of the mutants showed apparent changes in growth or development compared with those of the wild-type except the AN3154 gene that encodes a putative APSES transcription factor and is an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae swi4. Deleting AN3154 resulted in retarded growth and development, and the gene was named rgdA (retared growth and development). The rgdA deletion mutant developed a reduced number of conidia even under favorable conditions for asexual development. The retarded growth and development was partially suppressed by the veA1 mutation. The conidial heads of the mutant aborted, showing reduced and irregular shaped phialides. Fruiting body development was delayed compared with that in the wild-type. The mutant did not respond to various nutritional or environmental factors that affected the development patterns. The rgdA gene was expressed at low levels throughout the life cycle and was not significantly affected by several regulators of sexual and asexual development such as nsdD, veA, stuA, or brlA. However, the rgdA gene affected brlA and abaA expression, which function as key regulators of asexual sporulation, suggesting that rgdA functions upstream of those genes.

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Promotion of Asexual Development and Inhibition of Sexual Development of Aspergillus nidulans by Short-Chain Primary Amines: Myung Hoon Song , Kuppusamy Selvam , Chang-Jun Choi , Kwang-Yeop Jahng , Dong-Min Han , Keon-Sang Chae; J. Microbiol. 2002;40(3):230-233.

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Abstract: Effects of short-chain primary amines on Aspergillus nidulans development were analyzed. Propylamine induced asexual development and inhibited sexual development. Even on medium containing lactose as the sole carbon source, on which little conidial heads are formed and sexual structures are formed preferentially, or when sexual development was induced, propylamine induced asexual development and inhibited sexual development. These effects of propylamine seemed to be due to accumulation of mRNA of the brlA gene, which has been identified as a positive regulator of asexual development, and due to the reduction of the veA mRNA level. The veA gene has been identified as an activator of sexual development and also as an inhibitor of asexual development. Other primary amines, methylamine and ethylamine, showed identical effects on development where short-chain primary amine also promoted asexual development and inhibited sexual development.

Environmental factors affecting development of Aspergillus nidulans: Kap-Hoon Han , Dong-Beom Lee , Jong-Hak Kim , Min-Su Kim , Kyu-Yong Han , Won-Shin Kim , Young-Soon Park , Heui-Baik Kim^ , Dong-Min Han^; J. Microbiol. 2003;41(1):34-40.

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Abstract: Aspergillus nidulans, a homothalic ascomycete, has a complete sexual reproductive cycle as well as an asexual one. Both sexual and asexual development are known to be genetically programmed, but are also strongly affected by environmental factors including nutrients, light, temperature and osmolarity. We have examined these factors to define favored conditions for fruiting body (cleistothecium) formation. In general, fruiting body formation was enhanced where carbon and nitrogen sources were sufficient. Limitation of C-source caused predominant asexual development while inhibiting sexual development. When higher concentrations of glucose were supplied, more cleistothecia were formed. Other carbon sources including lactose, galactose and glycerol made the fungus develop cleistothecia very well, whereas acetate caused asexual sporulation only. Organic nitrogen sources like casein hydrolysate and glycine, and an increase in nitrate or ammonium concentration also enhanced sexual development. In addition to nutrient effects, low levels of aerobic respiration, caused either by platesealing or treatment with various chemicals, favored sexual development. Carbon limitation, light exposure and a high concentration of salts promoted asexual development preferentially, suggesting that stress conditions may drive the cell to develop asexual sporulation while comfortable and wellnourished growth conditions favored sexual development.

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