The metal cofactors are essential for the function of many enzymes. The host restricts the metal acquisition of pathogens for
their immunity and the pathogens have evolved many ways to obtain metal ions for their survival and growth. Salmonella
enterica serovar Typhimurium also needs several metal cofactors for its survival, and manganese has been found to contribute
to Salmonella pathogenesis. Manganese helps Salmonella withstand oxidative and nitrosative stresses. In addition,
manganese affects glycolysis and the reductive TCA, which leads to the inhibition of energetic and biosynthetic metabolism.
Therefore, manganese homeostasis is crucial for full virulence of Salmonella. Here, we summarize the current information
about three importers and two exporters of manganese that have been identified in Salmonella. MntH, SitABCD, and ZupT
have been shown to participate in manganese uptake. mntH and sitABCD are upregulated by low manganese concentration,
oxidative stress, and host NRAMP1 level. mntH also contains a Mn2+-
dependent riboswitch in its 5′ UTR. Regulation of
zupT expression requires further investigation. MntP and YiiP have been identified as manganese efflux proteins. mntP is
transcr!ptionally activated by MntR at high manganese levels and repressed its activity by MntS at low manganese levels.
Regulation of yiiP requires further analysis, but it has been shown that yiiP expression is not dependent on MntS. Besides
these five transporters, there might be additional transporters that need to be identified.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Functional characterization of a TerC family protein of
Riemerella anatipestifer
in manganese detoxification and virulence
Qinyuan Chen, Fang Guo, Li Huang, Mengying Wang, Chunfeng Shi, Shutong Zhang, Yizhou Yao, Mingshu Wang, Dekang Zhu, Renyong Jia, Shun Chen, Xinxin Zhao, Qiao Yang, Ying Wu, Shaqiu Zhang, Bin Tian, Juan Huang, Xumin Ou, Qun Gao, Di Sun, Ling Zhang, Yanling Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
NO enhances the adaptability to high-salt environments by regulating osmotic balance, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis in eelgrass based on transcriptome and metabolome analysis Xianyan Wang, Tongtong Wang, Pei Yu, Yuchun Li, Xinfang Lv Frontiers in Plant Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
High-throughput fitness experiments reveal specific vulnerabilities of human-adapted Salmonella during stress and infection Benjamin X. Wang, Dmitry Leshchiner, Lijuan Luo, Miles Tuncel, Karsten Hokamp, Jay C. D. Hinton, Denise M. Monack Nature Genetics.2024; 56(6): 1288. CrossRef
Biological characteristics of manganese transporter MntP in
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Wei Peng, Yafei Xu, Yilin Yin, Jichen Xie, Renhui Ma, Guoyuan Song, Zhiqiang Zhang, Qiuhang Quan, Qinggen Jiang, Moran Li, Bei Li, Michael David Leslie Johnson mSphere.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring resource competition by protective lactic acid bacteria cultures to control
Salmonella
in food: an Achilles’ heel to target?
Ludovico Screpanti, Nathalie Desmasures, Margot Schlusselhuber Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Substrate-Induced Structural Dynamics and Evolutionary Linkage of Siderophore-Iron ABC Transporters of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Aisha Farhana, Abdullah Alsrhani, Hasan Ejaz, Muharib Alruwaili, Ayman A. M. Alameen, Emad Manni, Zafar Rasheed, Yusuf Saleem Khan Medicina.2024; 60(11): 1891. CrossRef
Structures and coordination chemistry of transporters involved in manganese and iron homeostasis Shamayeeta Ray, Rachelle Gaudet Biochemical Society Transactions.2023; 51(3): 897. CrossRef
Bacterial Regulatory Mechanisms for the Control of Cellular Processes: Simple Organisms’ Complex Regulation Jin-Won Lee Journal of Microbiology.2023; 61(3): 273. CrossRef
Fungus-growing ants share a complex symbiosis with microbes,
including fungal mutualists, antibiotic-producing bacteria,
and fungal pathogens. The bacterial communities associated
with this symbiosis are poorly understood but likely
play important roles in maintaining the health and function
of fungal gardens. We studied bacterial communities in gardens
of two Apterostigma species, A. dentigerum, and A. pilosum,
using next-generation sequencing to evaluate differences
between the two ant species, their veiled and no-veiled
fungal garden types, and across three collection locations.
We also compared different parts of nests to test for homogeneity
within nests. Enterobacteriaceae dominated gardens
of both species and common OTUs were shared across both
species and nest types. However, differences in community
diversity were detected between ant species, and in the communities
of A. dentigerum veiled and no-veiled nests within
sites. Apterostigma pilosum had a higher proportion of Phyllobacteriaceae
and differed from A. dentigerum in the proportions
of members of the order Clostridiales. Within A. dentigerum,
nests with veiled and no-veiled fungus gardens had
similar taxonomic profiles but differed in the relative abundance
of some groups, with veiled gardens having more Rhodospirillaceae
and Hyphomicrobiaceae, and no-veiled having
more Xanthomonadaceae and certain genera in the Enterobacteriaceae
C. However, bacterial communities in Apterostigma
fungal gardens are highly conserved and resemble
those of the nests of other attine ants with dominant taxa likely
playing a role in biomass degradation and defense. Further
work is required to understand and explain how bacterial
community composition of fungus-growing nests is maintained.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
The mobilome landscape of biocide-resistance in Brazilian ESKAPE isolates Elias Eduardo Barbosa da Rosa, Frederico Schmitt Kremer Brazilian Journal of Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Pharmacological potential of ants and their symbionts – a review Surbhi Agarwal, Garima Sharma, Kavita Verma, Narayanan Latha, Vartika Mathur Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata.2022; 170(12): 1032. CrossRef
Disease management in two sympatric Apterostigma fungus‐growing ants for controlling the parasitic fungus Escovopsis Yuliana Christopher, William T. Wcislo, Sergio Martínez‐Luis, William O.H. Hughes, Nicole M. Gerardo, Hermógenes Fernández‐Marín Ecology and Evolution.2021; 11(11): 6041. CrossRef
The Microbiome of Neotropical Water Striders and Its Potential Role in Codiversification Anakena M. Castillo, Kristin Saltonstall, Carlos F. Arias, Karina A. Chavarria, Luis A. Ramírez-Camejo, Luis C. Mejía, Luis F. De León Insects.2020; 11(9): 578. CrossRef
Bacteria Contribute to Plant Secondary Compound Degradation in a Generalist Herbivore System Charlotte B. Francoeur, Lily Khadempour, Rolando D. Moreira-Soto, Kirsten Gotting, Adam J. Book, Adrián A. Pinto-Tomás, Ken Keefover-Ring, Cameron R. Currie, Margaret J. McFall-Ngai mBio.2020;[Epub] CrossRef