Journal of Microbiology

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Genetic Characteristics and Phylogeographic Dynamics of Echovirus: Yan Wang , Pir Tariq Shah , Yue Liu , Amina Nawal Bahoussi , Li Xing; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(9):865-877. Published online September 15, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00078-w

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Abstract: Echoviruses belong to the genus Enterovirus in the Picornaviridae family, forming a large group of Enterovirus B (EVB) within the Enteroviruses. Previously, Echoviruses were classified based on the coding sequence of VP1. In this study, we performed a reliable phylogenetic classification of 277 sequences isolated from 1992 to 2019 based on the full-length genomes of Echovirus. In this report, phylogenetic, phylogeographic, recombination, and amino acid variability landscape analyses were performed to reveal the evolutional characteristics of Echovirus worldwide. Echoviruses were clustered into nine major clades, e.g., G1–G9. Phylogeographic analysis showed that branches G2–G9 were linked to common strains, while the branch G1 was only linked to G5. In contrast, strains E12, E14, and E16 clustered separately from their G3 and G7 clades respectively, and became a separate branch. In addition, we identified a total of 93 recombination events, where most of the events occurred within the VP1-VP4 coding regions. Analysis of amino acid variation showed high variability in the a positions of VP2, VP1, and VP3. This study updates the phylogenetic and phylogeographic information of Echovirus and indicates that extensive recombination and significant amino acid variation in the capsid proteins drove the emergence of new strains.

Comparison of virulence between matt and mucoid colonies of Klebsiella pneumoniae coproducing NDM-1 and OXA-232 isolated from a single patient: Haejeong Lee , Jin Yang Baek , So Yeon Kim , HyunJi Jo , KyeongJin Kang , Jae-Hoon Ko , Sun Young Cho , Doo Ryeon Chung , Kyong Ran Peck , Jae-Hoon Song , Kwan Soo Ko; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(9):665-672. Published online August 23, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8130-3

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Nine Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates coproducing NDM-1 and OXA-232 carbapenemases were successively isolated from a single patient. Although they were isolated simultaneously and were isogenic, they presented different colony phenotypes (matt and mucoid). All nine isolates were resistant to most antibiotics except colistin and fosfomycin. In addition, matt-type isolates were resistant to tigecycline. No differences were detected in the cps cluster sequences, except for the insertion of IS5 in the wzb gene of two matt-type isolates. In vitro virulence assays based on production of capsular polysaccharide, biofilm formation, and resistance to human serum indicated that the mucoid-type isolates were significantly more virulent than the matt-type. In addition, mucoid-type isolates showed higher survival rates than the matt-type ones in infection experiments in the fruit fly, suggesting a higher virulence of K. pneumoniae isolates with a mucoid phenotype. To our knowledge, this is the first report of K. pneumoniae colonies with different phenotypes being isolated from the same sample. In addition, we show that virulence varies with colony phenotype. Dissemination of K. pneumoniae isolates expressing both antibiotic resistance and high virulence would constitute a great threat.

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Animal models of Klebsiella pneumoniae mucosal infections
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Ângela Novais, Ana Beatriz Gonçalves, Teresa G. Ribeiro, Ana R. Freitas, Gema Méndez, Luis Mancera, Antónia Read, Valquíria Alves, Lorena López-Cerero, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Álvaro Pascual, Luísa Peixe, Patricia J. Simner
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Genetic, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance characteristics associated with distinct morphotypes in ST11 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Tao Chen, Yuan Wang, Xiaohui Chi, Luying Xiong, Ping Lu, Xueting Wang, Yunbo Chen, Qixia Luo, Ping Shen, Yonghong Xiao
Virulence.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Roles of crrAB two-component regulatory system in Klebsiella pneumoniae: growth yield, survival in initial colistin treatment stage, and virulence
Sun Ju Kim, Jong Hyun Shin, Hyunkeun Kim, Kwan Soo Ko
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents.2024; 63(1): 107011. CrossRef
Clinical and Genomic Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with Concurrent Production of NDM and OXA-48-like Carbapenemases in Southern California, 2016–2022
Stacey Cerón, Zackary Salem-Bango, Deisy A. Contreras, Elizabeth L. Ranson, Shangxin Yang
Microorganisms.2023; 11(7): 1717. CrossRef
Improvement of transformation efficiency in hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae using citric acid
Suyeon Park, Kwan Soo Ko
Journal of Microbiological Methods.2023; 205: 106673. CrossRef
Emergence of the clinical rdar morphotype carbapenem-resistant and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae with enhanced adaption to hospital environment
Congcong Liu, Ning Dong, Xueting Huang, Zixian Huang, Chang Cai, Jiayue Lu, Hongwei Zhou, Jingren Zhang, Yu Zeng, Fan Yang, Gongxiang Chen, Zhangqi Shen, Rong Zhang, Sheng Chen
Science of The Total Environment.2023; 889: 164302. CrossRef
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Michidmaral Ganbold, Jungyu Seo, Yu Mi Wi, Ki Tae Kwon, Kwan Soo Ko
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Genomic and Phenotypic Evolution of Tigecycline-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Critically Ill Patients
Jiangang Zhang, Jinru Xie, Henan Li, Zhiren Wang, Yuyao Yin, Shuyi Wang, Hongbin Chen, Qi Wang, Hui Wang, Daria Van Tyne
Microbiology Spectrum.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of Virulence between Two Main Clones (ST11 and ST307) of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from South Korea
Yun Young Cho, Jee Hong Kim, Hyunkeun Kim, Junghwa Lee, Se Jin Im, Kwan Soo Ko
Microorganisms.2022; 10(9): 1827. CrossRef
Recent progress toward the implementation of phage therapy in Western medicine
Jean-Paul Pirnay, Tristan Ferry, Grégory Resch
FEMS Microbiology Reviews.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Two Distinct Genotypes of KPC-2-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from South Korea
Jee Hong Kim, Yun Young Cho, Ji Young Choi, Yu Mi Wi, Kwan Soo Ko
Antibiotics.2021; 10(8): 911. CrossRef
Increased Capsule Thickness and Hypermotility Are Traits of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST3 Strains Causing Fulminant Infection
Nadya Rakovitsky, Jonathan Lellouche, Debby Ben David, Sammy Frenk, Polet Elmalih, Gabriel Weber, Hadas Kon, David Schwartz, Liat Wolfhart, Elizabeth Temkin, Yehuda Carmeli
Open Forum Infectious Diseases.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of multiple, compatible plasmids on the fitness of the bacterial host by inducing transcriptional changes
Haejeong Lee, Kwan Soo Ko
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.2021; 76(10): 2528. CrossRef
Co-introduction of plasmids harbouring the carbapenemase genes, blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-232, increases fitness and virulence of bacterial host
Haejeong Lee, Juyoun Shin, Yeun-Jun Chung, Myungseo Park, Kyeong Jin Kang, Jin Yang Baek, Dongwoo Shin, Doo Ryeon Chung, Kyong Ran Peck, Jae-Hoon Song, Kwan Soo Ko
Journal of Biomedical Science.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Animal infection models using non‐mammals
Chikara Kaito, Kanade Murakami, Lina Imai, Kazuyuki Furuta
Microbiology and Immunology.2020; 64(9): 585. CrossRef
Change of Hypermucoviscosity in the Development of Tigecycline Resistance in Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 23 Strains
Suyeon Park, Haejeong Lee, Dongwoo Shin, Kwan Soo Ko
Microorganisms.2020; 8(10): 1562. CrossRef
Epidemiology of β-Lactamase-Producing Pathogens
Karen Bush, Patricia A. Bradford
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Emergence of NDM-4 and OXA-181 carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
Jin Seok Kim, Chae-Kyu Hong, Sang-Hun Park, Young-Hee Jin, Sunghee Han, Hee Soon Kim, Joo-Hyun Park, Byung-Noe Bae, Ju-Young Chung, Tae-Hee Han, Jib-Ho Lee, Sang-Me Lee, Young-Hee Oh
Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance.2020; 20: 332. CrossRef
Evolution of Klebsiella pneumoniae with mucoid and non-mucoid type colonies within a single patient
Haejeong Lee, Juyoun Shin, Yeun-Jun Chung, Jin Yang Baek, Doo Ryeon Chung, Kyong Ran Peck, Jae-Hoon Song, Kwan Soo Ko
International Journal of Medical Microbiology.2019; 309(3-4): 194. CrossRef

Potential for colonization of O111:H25 atypical enteropathogenic E. coli: Marta O. Domingos , Keyde C.M. Melo , Irys Viana Neves , Cristiane M. Mota , Rita C. Ruiz , Bruna S. Melo , Raphael C. Lima , Denise S.P.Q. Horton , Monamaris M. Borges , Marcia R. Franzolin; J. Microbiol. 2016;54(11):745-752. Published online October 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6015-x

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Abstract

Using clonal phylogenetic methods, it has been demonstrated that O111:H25 atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) strains belong to distinct clones, suggesting the possibility that their ability to interact with different hosts and abiotic surfaces can vary from one clone to another. Accordingly, the ability of O111:H25 aEPEC strains derived from human, cat and dogs to adhere to epithelial cells has been investigated, along with their ability to interact with macrophages and to form biofilms on polystyrene, a polymer used to make biomedical devices. The results demonstrated that all the strains analyzed were able to adhere to, and to form pedestals on, epithelial cells, mechanisms used by E. coli to become strongly attached to the host. The strains also show a Localized-Adherence- Like (LAL) pattern of adhesion on HEp-2 cells, a behavior associated with acute infantile diarrhea. In addition, the O111:H25 aEPEC strains derived either from human or domestic animals were able to form long filaments, a phenomenon used by some bacteria to avoid phagocytosis. O111:H25 aEPEC strains were also encountered inside vacuoles, a characteristic described for several bacterial strains as a way of protecting themselves against the environment. They were also able to induce TNF-α release via two routes, one dependent on TLR-4 and the other dependent on binding of Type I fimbriae. These O111:H25 strains were also able to form biofilms on polystyrene. In summary the results suggest that, regardless of their source (i.e. linked to human origin or otherwise), O111:H25 aEPEC strains carry the potential to cause human disease.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Proteomic and Functional Analyses of a Novel Porin-like Protein in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae: Hye-Jee Park , Sang-Won Lee , Sang-Wook Han; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(12):1030-1035. Published online November 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4442-0

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Abstract

Proteomic analysis is a useful technique for postulating and elucidating protein functions. In the present work, a shotgun proteomic analysis was used to identify functions of the PXO_03968 gene (previously known as the ax21) from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), a causal agent for bacterial blight disease in rice. Structural prediction performed on the protein sequence encoded by PXO_03968 reveals that it encodes a putative porin-like protein, possessing a β-barrel domain with 10 β-strands and a signal peptide at the Nterminus. We renamed the gene as an omp1X (outer membrane protein 1 in Xoo), generated its knock out mutant (XooΔomp1X), and compared the protein expression level in the mutant to that in the wild type. A total of 106 proteins displayed more than 1.5-fold difference in expression between the mutant and the wild type strains. COG analysis revealed that these proteins are involved in cell motility as well as signal transduction. In addition, phenotypic analysis demonstrated that motility and biofilm formation in XooΔomp1X are lower than the wild type. These results provide new insights into the functions of outer membrane proteins in Gram-negative bacteria.

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