Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) causes viral encephalopathy
and retinopathy, a devastating disease of many species of
cultured marine fish worldwide. In this study, we used the
dimorphic non-pathogenic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica as a
host to express the capsid protein of red-spotted grouper
nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV-CP) and evaluated its potential
as a platform for vaccine production. An initial attempt
was made to express the codon-optimized synthetic
genes encoding intact and N-terminal truncated forms of
RGNNV-CP under the strong constitutive TEF1 promoter
using autonomously replicating sequence (ARS)-based vectors.
The full-length recombinant capsid proteins expressed
in Y. lipolytica were detected not only as monomers and
but also as trimers, which is a basic unit for formation of
NNV virus-like particles (VLPs). Oral immunization of mice
with whole recombinant Y. lipolytica harboring the ARSbased
plasmids was shown to efficiently induce the formation
of IgG against RGNNV-CP. To increase the number of
integrated copies of the RGNNV-CP expression cassette, a
set of 26S ribosomal DNA-based multiple integrative vectors
was constructed in combination with a series of defective
Ylura3 with truncated promoters as selection markers, resulting
in integrants harboring up to eight copies of the RGNNVCP
cassette. Sucrose gradient centrifugation and transmission
electron microscopy of this high-copy integrant were
carried out to confirm the expression of RGNNV-CPs as
VLPs. This is the first report on efficient expression of viral
capsid proteins as VLPs in Y. lipolytica, demonstrating high
potential for the Y. lipolytica expression system as a platform
for recombinant vaccine production based on VLPs.
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