Journal of Microbiology

Research article

Protective effect of carotenoids in recombinant Escherichia coli against gamma irradiation: Sangyong Lim, Jong-il Choi; Received June 19, 2026 Accepted July 23, 2026 Published online November 10, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2606016 [Epub ahead of print]

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Gamma irradiation causes severe cellular damage through indirect oxidative stress generated by water radiolysis. Although carotenoids are well known as antioxidant pigments, their independent contribution to microbial resistance against highly penetrating ionizing radiation remains to be investigated. In this study, recombinant Escherichia coli was used as a controlled and radiation-sensitive host to evaluate whether engineered carotenoid accumulation improves gamma-radiation tolerance and protects DNA from irradiation-induced structural damage. Lycopene- and β-carotene-producing E. coli strains were compared with non-carotenoid-producing controls, including an empty-vector control grown under the same carotenoid-inducing conditions. Under carotenoid-producing conditions, the D₁₀ values of the lycopene- and β-carotene-producing strains significantly increased compared with the control strain. To examine the chemical contribution of carotenoids to DNA protection, purified pUC19 plasmid DNA was irradiated in the presence or absence of carotenoids. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that lycopene and β-carotene reduced the conversion of supercoiled DNA to open-circular and linear forms, while AFM imaging confirmed improved preservation of intact plasmid morphology. These findings suggest that carotenoid biosynthesis may be applied as a metabolic engineering strategy to improve microbial robustness in irradiation-associated biotechnology, food microbiology, environmental applications, and stress-tolerant production platforms.

Article

CA-CAS-01-A: A Permissive Cell Line for Isolation and Live Attenuated Vaccine Development against African Swine Fever Virus: Seung-Chul Lee , Yongkwan Kim , Ji-Won Cha , Kiramage Chathuranga , Niranjan Dodantenna , Hyeok-Il Kwon , Min Ho Kim , Weonhwa Jheong , In-Joong Yoon , Joo Young Lee , Sung-Sik Yoo , Jong-Soo Lee; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(2):125-134. Published online March 13, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00116-1

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African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of the highly lethal African swine fever disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boars. In spite of the rapid spread of the virus worldwide, there is no licensed vaccine available. The lack of a suitable cell line for ASFV propagation hinders the development of a safe and effective vaccine. For ASFV propagation, primary swine macrophages and monocytes have been widely studied. However, obtaining these cells can be time-consuming and expensive, making them unsuitable for mass vaccine production. The goal of this study was to validate the suitability of novel CA-CAS-01-A (CAS-01) cells, which was identified as a highly permissive cell clone for ASFV replication in the MA-104 parental cell line for live attenuated vaccine development. Through a screening experiment, maximum ASFV replication was observed in the CAS-01 cell compared to other sub-clones of MA-104 with 14.89 and log10 7.5 ± 0.15 Ct value and TCID50/ ml value respectively. When CAS-01 cells are inoculated with ASFV, replication of ASFV was confirmed by Ct value for ASFV DNA, HAD50/ ml assay, TCID50/ ml assay, and cytopathic effects and hemadsoption were observed similar to those in primary porcine alveolar macrophages after 5th passage. Additionally, we demonstrated stable replication and adaptation of ASFV over the serial passage. These results suggest that CAS-01 cells will be a valuable and promising cell line for ASFV isolation, replication, and development of live attenuated vaccines.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Isolation and Characterization of Marine Pigmented Bacteria from Norwegian Coastal Waters and Screening for Carotenoids with UVA-Blue Light Absorbing Properties: Marit H. Stafsnes , Kjell D Josefsen , Geir Kildahl-Andersen , Svein Valla , Trond E. Ellingsen , Per Bruheim; J. Microbiol. 2010;48(1):16-23. Published online March 11, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-009-0118-6

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Abstract PDF

Microbial culture collections are important resources for isolation of natural compounds with novel properties. In this study, a culture collection of around 1,500 pigmented heterotrophic bacteria was established. The bacteria were isolated from the sea surface microlayer at different sampling sites along the mid-part of the Norwegian coast. The bacterial isolates produced pigments of various coloration (e.g. golden, yellow, red, pink and orange). Methanol extracts of sixteen isolates were characterized with LC-Diodearray-TOF mass spectrometry analysis. The number of pigments per isolate varied considerably, and a tentative identification of the pigments was performed based on UV-absorbance profile and molecular formula assignation based on the accurate mass determination. The LC-MS analyses evealed that most of the pigments probably were carotenoids. Furthermore, we developed a high throughput LC-MS method for characterization and screening of a larger sub-fraction (300 isolates) of the culture collection. The aim was to screen and identify bacterial isolates producing carotenoids that absorb light in the UVA-Blue light. Six of the bacterial strains were selected for detailed investigation, including 16s rRNA sequencing, preparative HPLC for purification of major carotenoids and subsequent structural elucidation with NMR. Among the identified carotenoids were zeaxanthin, nostoxanthin and sarcinaxanthin, some with novel glycosylation patterns.

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