Since the floristic study of lichens at the Barton and Weaver Peninsulas of King George Island in 2006, there have been
intense investigations of the lichen flora of the two peninsulas as well as that of Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island in Maxwell
Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctic. In this study, a total of 104 species belonging
to 53 genera, are identified from investigations of lichens that were collected in austral summer seasons from 2008 to 2016.
Phenotypic and molecular analyses were incorporated for taxonomic identification. In particular, 31 species are found to
be endemic to the Antarctic and 22 species are newly recorded to the Maxwell Bay region. Lepra dactylina, Stereocaulon
caespitosum, and Wahlenbergiella striatula are newly recorded in the Antarctic, and the previously reported taxon Cladonia
furcata is excluded from the formerly recorded list due to misidentification. We also provide ecological and geographical
information about lichen associations and habitat preferences.
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Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the major
etiologic agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma,
and multicentric Castleman’s disease. Recent studies
have indicated that KSHV can be detected at high frequency
in patient-derived bladder cancer tissue and might be associated
with the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. Bladder cancer
is the second most common cancer of the genitourinary
tract, and it has a high rate of recurrence. Because drug resistance
is closely related to chemotherapy failure and cancer
recurrence, we investigated whether KSHV infection is associated
with drug resistance of bladder cancer cells. Some
KSHV-infected bladder cancer cell lines showed resistance to
an anti-cancer drug, cisplatin, possibly as a result of downregulation
of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, drug resistance
acquired from KSHV infection could partly be overcome
by HDAC1 inhibitors. Taken together, the data suggest
the possible role of KSHV in chemo-resistant bladder
cancer, and indicate the therapeutic potential of HDAC1 inhibitors
in drug-resistant bladder cancers associated with
KSHV infection.
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