Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Relationship Between Mycotoxin Production and Gene Expression in Fusarium graminearum Species Complex Strains Under Various Environmental Conditions: Wenwen Huang , Ping Zhou , Guanghui Shen , Tao Gao , Xin Liu , Jianrong Shi , Jianhong Xu , Jianbo Qiu; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(5):525-542. Published online May 2, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00046-4

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The Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) can produce various mycotoxins and is a major concern for food quantity and quality worldwide. In this study, we determined the effects of water activity ( aw), temperature, incubation time and their interactions on mycotoxin accumulation and the expression levels of biosynthetic genes in FGSC strains from maize samples in China. The highest deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol(3ADON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON) levels of the F. boothii and F. graminearum strains were observed at 0.98 aw/ 30 °C or 0.99 aw/ 25 °C. F. asiaticum and F. meridionale reached maximum nivalenol (NIV) and 4-acetylnivalenol (4ANIV) contents at 0.99 aw and 30 °C. With the extension of the incubation time, the concentrations of DON and NIV gradually increased, while those of their derivatives decreased. F. boothii, F. meridionale and one F. asiaticum strain had the highest zearalenone (ZEN) values at 0.95 aw and 25 °C, while the optimum conditions for the other F. asiaticum strain and F. graminearum were 0.99 aw and 30 °C. Four genes associated with trichothecene and zearalenone synthesis were significantly induced under higher water stress in the early stage of production. The results indicated independence of mycotoxin production and gene expression, as maximum amounts of these toxic metabolites were observed at higher aw in most cases. This study provides useful information for the monitoring and prevention of such toxins entering the maize production chain.

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Application of MOX Sensors to Determine the Emission of Volatile Compounds in Corn Groats as a Function of Vertical Pressure in the Silo and Moisture Content of the Bed
Robert Rusinek, Aleksandra Żytek, Mateusz Stasiak, Joanna Wiącek, Marek Gancarz
Sensors.2024; 24(7): 2187. CrossRef

Characterization and validation of an alternative reference bacterium Korean Pharmacopoeia Staphylococcus aureus strain: Ye Won An , Young Sill Choi , Mi-ran Yun , Chihwan Choi , Su Yeon Kim; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(2):187-191. Published online January 7, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1335-5

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Abstract

The National Culture Collection of Pathogens (NCCP) is a microbial resource bank in Korea that collects pathogen resources causing infectious disease in human and distributes them for research and education. The NCCP bank attempts to discover strains with various characteristics and specific purposes to provide diverse resources to researchers. Staphylococcus aureus American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 6538P is used as a reference strain in the microbial assay for antibiotics in the Korean and in the United States Pharmacopoeias. We aimed to analyze domestically isolated microbial resources from the NCCP to replace the S. aureus reference strain. Staphylococcus aureus strains were identified using matrix- assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the VITEK-2 system and characterized by multilocus sequence typing, 16S rRNA sequencing, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Several candidate strains had similar characteristics as the reference strain. Among them, the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA region of NCCP 16830 was 100% identical to that of the reference strain; it was sensitive to six types of antibiotics and showed results most similar to the reference strain. A validity evaluation was conducted using the cylinder-plate method. NCCP 16830 presented valid results and had the same performance as ATCC 6538P; therefore, it was selected as an alternative candidate strain.

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Bacterial composition of refrigerators in households and inactivation of airborne Staphylococcus aureus using a TiO2-UVLED module in a 512 L aerobiology chamber
So-Seum Yong, Jae-Ik Lee, Dong-Hyun Kang
Food Microbiology.2023; 114: 104274. CrossRef

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