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- CRISPR-Cas technologies: Emerging tools from research to clinical application
- Hana Hyeon, Soonhye Hwang, Yongyang Luo, Eunkyoung Shin, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Hong-Man Kim, Minkyung Ryu, Kangseok Lee
- J. Microbiol. 2025;63(8):e2504012. Published online August 31, 2025
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2504012
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Abstract
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CRISPR-Cas technologies have emerged as powerful and versatile tools in gene therapy. In addition to the widely used SpCas9 system, alternative platforms including modified amino acid sequences, size-optimized variants, and other Cas enzymes from diverse bacterial species have been developed to apply this technology in various genetic contexts. In addition, base editors and prime editors for precise gene editing, the Cas13 system targeting RNA, and CRISPRa/i systems have enabled diverse and adaptable approaches for genome and RNA editing, as well as for regulating gene expression. Typically, CRISPR-Cas components are transported to the target in the form of DNA, RNA, or ribonucleoprotein complexes using various delivery methods, such as electroporation, adeno-associated viruses, and lipid nanoparticles. To amplify therapeutic efficiency, continued developments in targeted delivery technologies are required, with increased safety and stability of therapeutic biomolecules. CRISPR-based therapeutics hold an inexhaustible potential for the treatment of many diseases, including rare congenital diseases, by making permanent corrections at the genomic DNA level. In this review, we present various CRISPR-based tools, their delivery systems, and clinical progress in the CRISPR-Cas technology, highlighting its innovative prospects for gene therapy.
- Limiting the pathogenesis of Salmonella Typhimurium with berry phenolic extracts and linoleic acid overproducing Lactobacillus casei
- Zajeba Tabashsum , Mengfei Peng , Cassendra Bernhardt , Puja Patel , Michael Carrion , Shaik O. Rahaman , Debabrata Biswas
- J. Microbiol. 2020;58(6):489-498. Published online April 22, 2020
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9545-1
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- 6 Web of Science
- 5 Crossref
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Abstract
- The growing threat of emergent multidrug-resistant enteric bacterial pathogens, and their adopted virulence properties are directing to find alternative antimicrobials and/or development of dietaries that can improve host gut health and/or defense. Recently, we found that modified Lactobacillus casei (Lc + CLA) with increased production of conjugated linoleic acid has antimicrobial and other beneficial properties. Further, prebiotic alike products such as berry pomace extracts (BPEs), increase the growth of probiotics and inhibit the growth of certain bacterial pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial effect of genetically modified Lc + CLA along with BPEs against major enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST). In mixed culture condition, the growth of ST was significantly reduced in the presence of Lc + CLA and/or BPEs. Bacterial cell-free cultural supernatant (CFCS) collected from wild-type Lc or modified Lc + CLA strains also inhibited the growth and survival of ST, and those inhibitory effects were enhanced in the presence of BPEs. We also found that the interaction of the pathogen with cultured host (HD-11 and INT-407) cells were also altered in the presence of either Lc or Lc + CLA strain or their CFCSs significantly. Furthermore, the relative expression of genes related to ST virulence and physicochemical properties of ST was altered by the effect of CFCSs of either Lc or Lc + CLA. These findings indicate that a diet containing synbiotic, specifically linoleic acid, over-produced Lc + CLA and prebiotic product BPEs, might have the potential to be effective in controlling ST growth and pathogenesis.
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Natural anti-adhesive components against pathogenic bacterial adhesion and infection in gastrointestinal tract: case studies of
Helicobacter pylori
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Salmonella enterica
,
Clostridiu
Xiaoyu Bao, Jianping Wu
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition.2024; : 1. CrossRef - Combined effect of metabolites produced by a modified Lactobacillus casei and berry phenolic extract on Campylobacter and microbiome in chicken cecum contents
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Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Natural anti-adhesive components against pathogenic bacterial adhesion and infection in gastrointestinal tract: case studies of
Helicobacter pylori
,
Salmonella enterica
,
Clostridiu
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