Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

Patterns and drivers of Vibrio isolates phylogenetic diversity in the Beibu Gulf, China: Xing Chen , Hong Du , Si Chen , Xiaoli Li , Huaxian Zhao , Qiangsheng Xu , Jinli Tang , Gonglingxia Jiang , Shuqi Zou , Ke Dong , Jonathan M. Adams , Nan Li , Chengjian Jiang; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(12):998-1009. Published online October 23, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0293-z

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Members of the genus Vibrio are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and can be found either in a culturable or a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state. Despite widespread concerns as to how to define the occurrence and dynamics of Vibrio populations by culture-independent approaches, further physiological research and relevant biotechnological developments will require the isolation and cultivation of the microbes from various environments. The present work provides data and perspectives on our understanding of culturable Vibrio community structure and diversity in the Beibu Gulf. Finally, we isolated 1,037 strains of Vibrio from 45 samples and identified 18 different species. Vibrio alginolyticus, V. cyclitrophicus, V. tasmaniensis, V. brasiliensis, and V. splendidus were the dominant species that had regional distribution characteristics. The correlation between the quantitative distribution and community structure of culturable Vibrio and environmental factors varied with the Vibrio species and geographical locations. Among them, salinity, nitrogen, and phosphorus were the main factors affecting the diversity of culturable Vibrio. These results help to fill a knowledge gap on Vibrio diversity and provide data for predicting and controlling pathogenic Vibrio outbreaks in the Beibu Gulf.

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Environmental factors that regulate Vibrio spp. abundance and community structure in tropical waters
Yi You Wong, Choon Weng Lee, Chui Wei Bong, Joon Hai Lim, Ching Ching Ng, Kumaran Narayanan, Edmund Ui Hang Sim, Ai-jun Wang
Anthropocene Coasts.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Co-occurrence of chromophytic phytoplankton and the Vibrio community during Phaeocystis globosa blooms in the Beibu Gulf
Qiangsheng Xu, Pengbin Wang, Jinghua Huangleng, Huiqi Su, Panyan Chen, Xing Chen, Huaxian Zhao, Zhenjun Kang, Jinli Tang, Gonglingxia Jiang, Zhuoting Li, Shuqi Zou, Ke Dong, Yuqing Huang, Nan Li
Science of The Total Environment.2022; 805: 150303. CrossRef
Virulence mechanisms of vibrios belonging to the Splendidus clade as aquaculture pathogens, from case studies and genome data
Weiwei Zhang, Chenghua Li
Reviews in Aquaculture.2021; 13(4): 2004. CrossRef

Review

MINIREVIEW] EAST1 toxin: An enigmatic molecule associated with sporadic episodes of diarrhea in humans and animals: J. Daniel Dubreuil; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(7):541-549. Published online June 27, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8651-4

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Abstract

EAST1 is produced by a subset of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains. This toxin is a 38-amino acid peptide of 4100 Da. It shares 50% homology with the enterotoxic domain of STa and interacts with the same receptor. The mechanism of action of EAST1is proposed to be identical to that of STa eliciting a cGMP increase. EAST1 is associated with diarrheal disease in Man and various animal species including cattle and swine. Nevertheless, as EAST1-positive strains as well as culture supernatants did not provoke unequivocally diarrhea either in animal models or in human volunteers, the role of this toxin in disease is today still debated. This review intent is to examine the role of EAST1 toxin in diarrheal illnesses.

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Microbiology Research.2024; 15(1): 385. CrossRef
Survey in ruminants from Rwanda revealed high diversity and prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales
Emmanuel Irimaso, Helga Keinprecht, Michael P. Szostak, Adriana Cabal Rosel, Beatrix Stessl, Amelie Desvars-Larrive, Christophe Ntakirutimana, Otto W. Fischer, Thomas Wittek, Elke Müller, Andrea T. Feßler, Sascha D. Braun, Stefan Schwarz, Stefan Monecke,
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The genetic potential of toxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from calves and piglets
Aleksandr Tischenko, Andrey Koschaev, Aleksandr Valerievich Milovanov, Anastasiya Vasil'evna Elisyutikova, Vladimir Ivanovich Terehov, Tat'yana Vyacheslavovna Malysheva
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Letters in Applied Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Jiameng Hu, Junlin Li, Xiaobo Huang, Jing Xia, Min Cui, Yong Huang, Yiping Wen, Yue Xie, Qin Zhao, Sanjie Cao, Likou Zou, Xinfeng Han
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Shaopeng Wu, Lulu Cui, Yu Han, Fang Lin, Jiaqi Huang, Mengze Song, Zouran Lan, Shuhong Sun
Microorganisms.2023; 11(12): 2939. CrossRef
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Yan Li, Xiamei Kang, Abdelaziz Ed-Dra, Xiao Zhou, Chenghao Jia, Anja Müller, Yuqing Liu, Corinna Kehrenberg, Min Yue, Sandeep Tamber
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Lamya Zohair Yamani, Nasreldin Elhadi
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Qian Liu, Xiangning Bai, Xi Yang, Guoyin Fan, Kui Wu, Wentao Song, Hui Sun, Shengen Chen, Haiying Chen, Yanwen Xiong
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Dora Stojević, Andrea Humski, Marina Mikulić, Vesna Dobranić, Irena Reil, Sanja Duvnjak, Miroslav Benić, Relja Beck, Željko Cvetnić
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Rana El-baz, Heba Shehta Said, Eman Salama Abdelmegeed, Rasha Barwa
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J. Daniel Dubreuil
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Alexandra Irrgang, Ge Zhao, Katharina Juraschek, Annemarie Kaesbohrer, Jens A. Hammerl
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Journal Article

Rotavirus-mediated alteration of gut microbiota and its correlation with physiological characteristics in neonatal calves: Ja-Young Jang , Suhee Kim , Min-Sung Kwon , Jieun Lee , Do-Hyeon Yu , Ru-Hui Song , Hak-Jong Choi , Jinho Park; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(2):113-121. Published online November 19, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8549-1

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Abstract

Diarrhea is a fatal disease to neonatal calves, and rotavirus is the main pathogen associated with neonatal calf diarrhea. Although previous studies have reported that the gut microbiota is changed in calves during diarrhea, less is known about whether rotavirus infection alters the structure of the gut microbiota. Here, we characterized fecal microbial communities and identified possible relationships between the gut microbiota profiles and physiological parameters. Five fecal specimens of rotavirus-infected calves from 1 to 30 days after birth and five fecal specimens of age-matched healthy calves were used for the microbial community analysis using the Illumina MiSeq sequencer. Rotavirus infection was associated with reduced rotavirus infection significantly reduced the richness and diversity of the bacterial community. Weighted unique fraction metric analysis exhibited significant differences in community membership and structure between healthy and rotavirus-infected calves. Based on relative abundance analysis and linear discriminant analysis effect size, we found that the representative genera from Lactobacillus, Subdoligranulum, Blautia, and Bacteroides were closely related to healthy calves, while the genera Escherichia and Clostridium were closely affiliated to rotavirus-infected calves. Furthermore, canonical correlation analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient results revealed that the increased relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Subdoligranulum, and Bacteroides were correlated with normal levels of physiological characteristics such as white blood cells, blood urea nitrogen, serum amyloid protein A, and glucose concentration in serum. These
results
suggest that rotavirus infection alters the structure of the gut microbiota, correlating changes in physiological

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Review

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection Induces Autophagy in MDBK Cells: Qiang Fu , Huijun Shi , Yan Ren , Fei Guo , Wei Ni , Jun Qiao , Pengyan Wang , Hui Zhang , Chuangfu Chen; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(7):619-625. Published online June 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3479-4

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Abstract

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the genus Pestivirus (Flaviviridae). The signaling pathways and levels of signaling molecules are altered in Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells infected with BVDV. Autophagy is a conservative biological degradation pathway that mainly eliminates and degrades damaged or superfluous organelles and macromolecular complexes for intracellular recycling in eukaryotic cells. Autophagy can also be induced as an effective response to maintain cellular homeostasis in response to different stresses, such as nutrient or growth factor deprivation, hypoxia, reactive oxygen species exposure and pathogen infection. However, the effects of BVDV infection on autophagy inMDBK cells remain unclear. Therefore, we performed an analysis of autophagic activity after BVDV NADL infection using real-time PCR, electron microscopy, laser confocal microscopy, and Western blotting analysis. The results demonstrated that BVDV NADL infection increased autophagic activity and significantly elevated the expression levels of the autophagy-related genes Beclin1 and ATG14 inMDBK cells. However, the knockdown of Beclin1 and ATG14 by RNA interference (RNAi) did not affect BVDV NADL infection-related autophagic activity. These findings provided a novel perspective to elaborate the effects of viral infection on the host cells.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Occurrence and Antimicrobial Drug Susceptibility Patterns of Commensal and Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Fecal Microbiota from Children with and without Acute Diarrhea: Patrícia G. Garcia , Vânia L. Silva , Cláudio G. Diniz; J. Microbiol. 2011;49(1):46-52. Published online March 3, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0172-8

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Abstract

Acute diarrhea is a public health problem and an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. The etiology is varied, and the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes are among the most important. Our objectives were to determine the occurrence of commensal and diarrheagenic E. coli strains in fecal samples from children under five years old and their drug susceptibility patterns. E. coli were isolated from 141 fresh fecal samples; 84 were obtained from clinically injured donors with acute diarrhea (AD) and 57 from clinically healthy donors without diarrhea (WD). Presumptive phenotypic species identification was carried out and confirmed by amplification of specific 16S ribosomal RNA encoding DNA. Multiplex PCR was performed to characterize the diarrheagenic E. coli strains. Drug susceptibility patterns were determined by the disc-diffusion method. In total, 220 strains were recovered from the fecal specimens (61.8% from AD and 38.2% from WD). Diarrheagenic E. coli was identified at a rate of 36.8% (n=50) in diarrheic feces and 29.8% (n=25) in non-diarrheic feces. Enteroaggregative E. coli was the most frequently identified pathotype in the AD group (16.2%) and the only pathotype identified in the WD group (30.9%). Enteropathogenic E. coli was the second most isolated pathotype (10.3%), followed by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (7.4%) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (2.9%). No enteroinvasive E. coli strains were recovered. The isolates showed high resistance rates against ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The most effective drugs were ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem and piperacillin-tazobactam, for which no resistance was observed. Differentiation between the diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes is of great importance since they are involved in acute diarrheal diseases and may require specific antimicrobial chemotherapy. The high antimicrobial resistance observed in our study raises a broad discussion on the indiscriminate or improper use of antimicrobials, besides the risks of self-medication.

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Journal Article

Co-infection of Giardia intestinalis and Cyclospora cayetanensis in an Immunocompetent Patient with Prolonged Diarrhea: Case Report: Ozgur Koru , Engin Araz , Askin Inci , Mehmet Tanyuksel; J. Microbiol. 2006;44(3):360-362.; DOI: https://doi.org/2375 [pii]

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Abstract: Cyclospora cayetanensis is an agent of emerging infectious disease, and a recognized cause of diarrhea in some patients. Also, the flagellated protozoan, Giardia intestinalis, induces a diarrheal illness of the small intestine. Cases of cyclosporiasis are frequently missed, primarily due to the fact that the parasite can be quite difficult to detect in human fecal samples, despite an increasing amount of data regarding this parasite. On the other hand, G. intestinalis can be readily recognized via the microscopic visualization of its trophozoite or cyst forms in stained preparations or unstained wet mounts. In this report, we describe an uncommon case of co-infection with G. intestinalis and C. cayetanensis in an immunocompetent patient with prolonged diarrhea, living in a non-tropical region of Turkey.

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