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Functional analysis of ascP in Aeromonas veronii TH0426 reveals a key role in the regulation of virulence
Yongchao Guan , Meng Zhang , Yingda Wang , Zhongzhuo Liu , Zelin Zhao , Hong Wang , Dingjie An , Aidong Qian , Yuanhuan Kang , Wuwen Sun , Xiaofeng Shan
J. Microbiol. 2022;60(12):1153-1161.   Published online November 10, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2373-8
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AbstractAbstract
Aeromonas veronii is a pathogen which can induce diseases in humans, animals and aquatic organisms, but its pathogenic mechanism and virulence factors are still elusive. In this study, we successfully constructed a mutant strain (ΔascP) by homologous recombination. The results showed that the deletion of the ascP gene significantly down-regulated the expression of associated effector proteins in A. veronii compared to its wild type. The adhesive and invasive abilities of ΔascP to EPC cells were 0.82-fold lower in contrast to the wild strain. The toxicity of ΔascP to cells was decreased by about 2.91-fold (1 h) and 1.74-fold (2 h). Furthermore, the LD50 of the mutant strain of crucian carp was reduced by 19.94-fold, and the virulence was considerably attenuated. In contrast to the wild strain, the ΔascP content in the liver and spleen was considerably lower. The titers of serum cytokines (IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in crucian carp after the infection of the ΔascP strain were considerably lower in contrast to the wild strain. Hence, the ascP gene is essential for the etiopathogenesis of A. veronii TH0426.

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  • Complete genome sequence and genome-wide transposon mutagenesis enable the determination of genes required for sodium hypochlorite tolerance and drug resistance in pathogen Aeromonas veronii GD2019
    Yifan Bu, Chengyu Liu, Yabo Liu, Wensong Yu, Tingjin Lv, Yuanxing Zhang, Qiyao Wang, Yue Ma, Shuai Shao
    Microbiological Research.2024; 284: 127731.     CrossRef
  • Construction of the flagellin F mutant of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its toxic effects on silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) cells
    Yang Li, Chao Liu, Yuechen Sun, Ruijun Wang, Choufei Wu, Hanqu Zhao, Liqin Zhang, Dawei Song, Quanxin Gao
    International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2024; 259: 129395.     CrossRef
  • Ferric uptake regulator (fur) affects the pathogenicity of Aeromonas veronii TH0426 by regulating flagellar assembly and biofilm formation
    Jin-shuo Gong, Ying-da Wang, Yan-long Jiang, Di Zhang, Ya-nan Cai, Xiao-feng Shan, He Gong, Hao Dong
    Aquaculture.2024; 580: 740361.     CrossRef
The synergy effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis and exogenous calcium on bacterial community composition and growth performance of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in saline alkali soil
Dunwei Ci , Zhaohui Tang , Hong Ding , Li Cui , Guanchu Zhang , Shangxia Li , Liangxiang Dai , Feifei Qin , Zhimeng Zhang , Jishun Yang , Yang Xu
J. Microbiol. 2021;59(1):51-63.   Published online November 17, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0317-3
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  • 19 Web of Science
  • 19 Crossref
AbstractAbstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea. L) is an important oil seed crop. Both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis and calcium (Ca2+) application can ameliorate the impact of saline soil on peanut production, and the rhizosphere bacterial communities are also closely correlated with peanut salt tolerance; however, whether AMF and Ca2+ can withstand high-salinity through or partially through modulating rhizosphere bacterial communities is unclear. Here, we used the rhizosphere bacterial DNA from saline alkali soil treated with AMF and Ca2+ alone or together to perform high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Taxonomic analysis revealed that AMF and Ca2+ treatment increased the abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level. The nitrogenfixing bacterium Sphingomonas was the dominant genus in these soils at the genus level, and the soil invertase and urease activities were also increased after AMF and Ca2+ treatment, implying that AMF and Ca2+ effectively improved the living environment of plants under salt stress. Moreover, AMF combined with Ca2+ was better than AMF or Ca2+ alone at altering the bacterial structure and improving peanut growth in saline alkali soil. Together, AMF and Ca2+ applications are conducive to peanut salt adaption by regulating the bacterial community in saline alkali soil.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi drive bacterial community assembly in halophyte Suaeda salsa
    Fengwei Diao, Bingbing Jia, Junqing Luo, Shengli Ding, Tai Liu, Wei Guo
    Microbiological Research.2024; 282: 127657.     CrossRef
  • Functional Characterization of Core and Unique Calcite-Dissolving Bacteria Communities from Peanut Fields
    Alan Peper, Carter J. Newton, Sheena Lim, Wendy Zheng, Timothy Brenneman, Li Yang
    Phytopathology®.2024; 114(5): 1011.     CrossRef
  • Bacterial community composition of Hungarian salt-affected soils under different land uses
    Ravi Kumar Gangwar, András Táncsics, Marianna Makádi, Milán Farkas, Mátyás Cserháti, Erika Michéli, Márta Fuchs, Tamás Szegi
    Biologia Futura.2024; 75(3): 339.     CrossRef
  • Peanut production in saline-alkali land of Yellow River Delta: influence of spatiotemporal changes of meteorological conditions and soil properties
    Feifei Qin, Zhihong Xin, Jianguo Wang, Jialei Zhang, Jishun Yang, Feng Guo, Zhaohui Tang, Dunwei Ci
    BMC Plant Biology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Multi-year crop rotation and quicklime application promote stable peanut yield and high nutrient-use efficiency by regulating soil nutrient availability and bacterial/fungal community
    Liyu Yang, Caibin Wang, Xinhua He, Haiyan Liang, Qi Wu, Xuewu Sun, Miao Liu, Pu Shen
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Restored the Saline–Alkali Soil and Promoted the Growth of Peanut Roots
    Dunwei Ci, Feifei Qin, Zhaohui Tang, Guanchu Zhang, Jialei Zhang, Tong Si, Jishun Yang, Yang Xu, Tianyi Yu, Manlin Xu, Kang He
    Plants.2023; 12(19): 3426.     CrossRef
  • Green manure increases peanut production by shaping the rhizosphere bacterial community and regulating soil metabolites under continuous peanut production systems
    Yang Xu, Hong Ding, Guanchu Zhang, Zelun Li, Qing Guo, Hao Feng, Feifei Qin, Liangxiang Dai, Zhimeng Zhang
    BMC Plant Biology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The multifaceted roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in peanut responses to salt, drought, and cold stress
    Yuexu Liu, Jinhao Lu, Li Cui, Zhaohui Tang, Dunwei Ci, Xiaoxia Zou, Xiaojun Zhang, Xiaona Yu, Yuefu Wang, Tong Si
    BMC Plant Biology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Advances and future research in ecological stoichiometry under saline-alkali stress
    Keyi Zhang, Lei Chang, Guanghui Li, Yuefen Li
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2023; 30(3): 5475.     CrossRef
  • Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield by changing the rhizosphere microbial community structure in saline-alkali soil
    Jia Kang, Wenlong Yang, Shangwu Liu, Ning Xuan, Yahui Shao, Yun Geng, Muhammad Afzal, Yingxin Zhang, Shousong Yue, Rubina Mushtaq, Gao Chen
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Distribution of microbial communities in seasonally frozen soil layers on the Tibetan Plateau and the driving environmental factors
    Xiaojie Wang, Zhiqiang Yu, Guofeng Shen, Hefa Cheng, Shu Tao
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2023; 30(1): 1919.     CrossRef
  • Effects of phosphogypsum on enzyme activity and microbial community in acid soil
    Changan Li, Yonggang Dong, Yun Yi, Juan Tian, Chao Xuan, Yan Wang, Yuanbo Wen, Jianxin Cao
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Microbial keystone taxa drive crop productivity through shifting aboveground-belowground mineral element flows
    Jia Lin Wang, Kai Lou Liu, Xue Qiang Zhao, Gui-Feng Gao, Yong Hong Wu, Ren Fang Shen
    Science of The Total Environment.2022; 811: 152342.     CrossRef
  • Peanut and cotton intercropping increases productivity and economic returns through regulating plant nutrient accumulation and soil microbial communities
    Wei Xie, Kai Zhang, Xiaoying Wang, Xiaoxia Zou, Xiaojun Zhang, Xiaona Yu, Yuefu Wang, Tong Si
    BMC Plant Biology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Illumina MiSeq Sequencing Reveals Correlations among Fruit Ingredients, Environmental Factors, and AMF Communities in Three Lycium Barbarum Producing Regions of China
    Kaili Chen, Gang Huang, Yuekun Li, Xinrui Zhang, Yonghui Lei, Yang Li, Jie Xiong, Yanfei Sun, Kristen M. DeAngelis
    Microbiology Spectrum.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Genome-Wide Identification of Auxin Response Factors in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Functional Analysis in Root Morphology
    Lu Luo, Qian Wan, Zipeng Yu, Kun Zhang, Xiurong Zhang, Suqing Zhu, Yongshan Wan, Zhaojun Ding, Fengzhen Liu
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(10): 5309.     CrossRef
  • Impact of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculum and exogenous methyl jasmonate on the performance of tall fescue under saline-alkali condition
    Hui Liu, Huimin Tang, Xiaozhen Ni, Yajie Zhang, Yingchao Wang
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The resistance of peanut to soil-borne pathogens improved by rhizosphere probiotics under calcium treatment
    Wei Zhang, Bo-wen Zhang, Jie-fu Deng, Lin Li, Tu-yong Yi, Yan-yun Hong
    BMC Microbiology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate salinity stress in peanut: Evidence from pot‐grown and field experiments
    Wenjie Qin, Hengyu Yan, Bingyin Zou, Runze Guo, Dunwei Ci, Zhaohui Tang, Xiaoxia Zou, Xiaojun Zhang, Xiaona Yu, Yuefu Wang, Tong Si
    Food and Energy Security.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
Reviews
REVIEW] Recent paradigm shift in the assembly of bacterial tripartite efflux pumps and the type I secretion system
Inseong Jo , Jin-Sik Kim , Yongbin Xu , Jaekyung Hyun , Kangseok Lee , Nam-Chul Ha
J. Microbiol. 2019;57(3):185-194.   Published online February 26, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8520-1
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AbstractAbstract
Tripartite efflux pumps and the type I secretion system of Gram-negative bacteria are large protein complexes that span the entire cell envelope. These complexes expel antibiotics and other toxic substances or transport protein toxins from bacterial cells. Elucidating the binary and ternary complex structures at an atomic resolution are crucial to understanding the assembly and working mechanism. Recent advances in cryoelectron microscopy along with the construction of chimeric proteins drastically shifted the assembly models. In this review, we describe the current assembly models from a historical perspective and emphasize the common assembly mechanism for the assembly of diverse tripartite pumps and type I secretion systems.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance revisited
    Elizabeth M. Darby, Eleftheria Trampari, Pauline Siasat, Maria Solsona Gaya, Ilyas Alav, Mark A. Webber, Jessica M. A. Blair
    Nature Reviews Microbiology.2023; 21(5): 280.     CrossRef
  • Permeation of Fosfomycin through the Phosphate-Specific Channels OprP and OprO of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    Vinaya Kumar Golla, Claudio Piselli, Ulrich Kleinekathöfer, Roland Benz
    The Journal of Physical Chemistry B.2022; 126(7): 1388.     CrossRef
  • Adaptation of the periplasm to maintain spatial constraints essential for cell envelope processes and cell viability
    Eric Mandela, Christopher J Stubenrauch, David Ryoo, Hyea Hwang, Eli J Cohen, Von L Torres, Pankaj Deo, Chaille T Webb, Cheng Huang, Ralf B Schittenhelm, Morgan Beeby, JC Gumbart, Trevor Lithgow, Iain D Hay
    eLife.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Structure, Assembly, and Function of Tripartite Efflux and Type 1 Secretion Systems in Gram-Negative Bacteria
    Ilyas Alav, Jessica Kobylka, Miriam S. Kuth, Klaas M. Pos, Martin Picard, Jessica M. A. Blair, Vassiliy N. Bavro
    Chemical Reviews.2021; 121(9): 5479.     CrossRef
  • Biotechnological applications of type 1 secretion systems
    Zohreh Pourhassan N., Sander H.J. Smits, Jung Hoon Ahn, Lutz Schmitt
    Biotechnology Advances.2021; 53: 107864.     CrossRef
  • Protein-Protein Interactions in the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Escherichia coli: Influence of the Overexpression of Diverse Transporter-Encoding Genes on the Activities of PTS Sugar Uptake Systems
    Mohammad Aboulwafa, Zhongge Zhang, Milton H. Saier Jr.
    Microbial Physiology.2020; 30(1-6): 36.     CrossRef
  • Perspectives towards antibiotic resistance: from molecules to population
    Joon-Hee Lee
    Journal of Microbiology.2019; 57(3): 181.     CrossRef
[Minireview] Antibiotic resistance of pathogenic Acinetobacter species and emerging combination therapy
Bora Shin , Woojun Park
J. Microbiol. 2017;55(11):837-849.   Published online October 27, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-7288-4
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AbstractAbstract
The increasing antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter species in both natural and hospital environments has become a serious problem worldwide in recent decades. Because of both intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) against last-resort antibiotics such as carbapenems, novel therapeutics are urgently required to treat Acinetobacter-associated infectious diseases. Among the many pathogenic Acinetobacter species, A. baumannii has been reported to be resistant to all classes of antibiotics and contains many AMR genes, such as blaADC (Acinetobacter-derived cephalosporinase). The AMR of pathogenic Acinetobacter species is the result of several different mechanisms, including active efflux pumps, mutations in antibiotic targets, antibiotic modification, and low antibiotic membrane permeability. To overcome the limitations of existing drugs, combination theraphy that can increase the activity of antibiotics should be considered in the treatment of Acinetobacter infections. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind Acinetobacter AMR resistance will provide vital information for drug development and therapeutic strategies using combination treatment. Here, we summarize the classic mechanisms of Acinetobacter AMR, along with newly-discovered genetic AMR factors and currently available antimicrobial adjuvants that can enhance drug efficacy in the treatment of A. baumannii infections.

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    Mathilde Lescat, Laurent Poirel, Camille Tinguely, Patrice Nordmann, Nathan A. Ledeboer
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    Mathilde Lescat, Laurent Poirel, Aurélie Jayol, Patrice Nordmann
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    Emel Mataracı Kara, Mesut Yılmaz, Berna Özbek Çelik
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    Bora Shin, Woojun Park
    Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Richard R. Watkins
    Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy.2018; 16(8): 591.     CrossRef
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REVIEW] The development of fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans – an example of microevolution of a fungal pathogen
Joachim Morschhäuser
J. Microbiol. 2016;54(3):192-201.   Published online February 27, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-5628-4
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AbstractAbstract
The yeast Candida albicans is a member of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts of most healthy persons, but it can also cause symptomatic infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. During the life-long association with its human host, C. albicans generates genetically altered variants that are better adapted to changes in their environment. A prime example of this microevolution is the development of resistance to the commonly used drug fluconazole, which inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis, during antimycotic therapy. Fluconazole resistance can be caused by mutations in the drug target, by changes in the sterol biosynthesis pathway, and by gain-of-function mutations in transcription factors that result in the constitutive upregulation of ergosterol biosynthesis genes and multidrug efflux pumps. Fluconazole also induces genomic rearrangements that result in gene amplification and loss of heterozygosity for resistance mutations, which further increases drug resistance. These genome alterations may affect extended chromosomal regions and have additional phenotypic consequences. A striking case is the loss of heterozygosity for the mating type locus MTL in many fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates, which allows the cells to switch to the mating-competent opaque phenotype. This, in turn, raises the possibility that sexual recombination between different variants of an originally clonal, drug-susceptible population may contribute to the generation of highly fluconazole-resistant strains with multiple resistance mechanisms. The gain-of-function mutations in transcription factors, which result in deregulated gene expression, also cause reduced fitness. In spite of this, many clinical isolates that contain such mutations do not exhibit fitness defects, indicating that they have overcome the costs of drug resistance with further evolution by still unknown mechanisms.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Conditional probability analysis of multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacilli isolated from tertiary medical institutions in South Korea during 1999–2009
Yong-Hak Kim
J. Microbiol. 2016;54(1):50-56.   Published online January 5, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-5579-9
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AbstractAbstract
Multidrug resistance of Gram-negative bacilli is a major problem globally. However, little is known about the combined probability of resistance to various antibiotics. In this study, minimum inhibitory concentrations of widely used antibiotics were determined using clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii, randomly chosen from strain collections created during 1999–2009 in tertiary medical institutions in Seoul, South Korea. To analyze combined efficacy of antibiotics against a subgroup of isolates, conditional probabilities were determined based on arbitrary, non-independent patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance. Multidrug resistance, defined as resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics, was observed in the following order: A. baumannii (96%), P. aeruginosa (65%), E. coli (52%), and K. pneumoniae (7%). A. baumannii strains resistant to gentamicin were found to be resistant to a number of antibiotics, except for colistin and polymyxin B. Resistance to gentamicin following exposure to this antibiotic was highly likely to lead to multidrug resistance in all four microbes. This study shows a causal relationship between gentamicin resistance and the prevalence of multidrug resistance in clinical isolates of Gramnegative bacilli in South Korea during 1999–2009 and suggests the importance of prudent use of gentamicin in hospitals.

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Reviews
MINIREVIEW] Multidrug efflux pumps in Staphylococcus aureus and their clinical implications
Soojin Jang
J. Microbiol. 2016;54(1):1-8.   Published online January 5, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-5159-z
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AbstractAbstract
Antibiotic resistance is rapidly spreading among bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that causes a variety of diseases in humans. For the last two decades, bacterial multidrug efflux pumps have drawn attention due to their potential association with clinical multidrug resistance. Numerous researchers have demonstrated efflux-mediated resistance in vitro and in vivo and found novel multidrug transporters using advanced genomic information about bacteria. This article aims to provide a concise summary of multidrug efflux pumps and their important clinical implications, focusing on recent findings concerning S. aureus efflux pumps.

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    Chunhui Chen, David C Hooper
    Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.2018; 73(3): 720.     CrossRef
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    L. Mayrink Assis, M. Nedeljković, A. Dessen
    Drug Resistance Updates.2017; 31: 1.     CrossRef
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    Eric F. Kong, Christina Tsui, Sona Kucharíková, Patrick Van Dijck, Mary Ann Jabra-Rizk
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Serajus Salaheen, Mengfei Peng, Jungsoo Joo, Hironori Teramoto, Debabrata Biswas
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  • Multidrug Efflux Pumps at the Crossroad between Antibiotic Resistance and Bacterial Virulence
    Manuel Alcalde-Rico, Sara Hernando-Amado, Paula Blanco, José L. Martínez
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MINIREVIEW] Molecular architecture of the bacterial tripartite multidrug efflux pump focusing on the adaptor bridging model
Saemee Song , Jin-Sik Kim , Kangseok Lee , Nam-Chul Ha
J. Microbiol. 2015;53(6):355-364.   Published online May 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5248-4
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AbstractAbstract
Gram-negative bacteria expel a wide range of toxic substances through tripartite drug efflux pumps consisting of an inner membrane transporter, an outer membrane channel protein, and a periplasmic adaptor protein. These pumps form tripartite assemblies which can span the entire cell envelope, including the inner and outer membranes. There have been controversial findings regarding the assembly of the individual components in tripartite drug efflux pumps. Recent structural and functional studies have advanced our understanding of the assembly and working mechanisms of the pumps. Here, we re-evaluate the assembly models based on recent structural and functional studies. In particular, this study focuses on the ‘adaptor bridging model’, highlighting the intermeshing cogwheel-like interactions between the tip regions of the outer membrane channel protein and the periplasmic adaptor protein in the hexameric assembly.

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  • Structural Features and Energetics of the Periplasmic Entrance Opening of the Outer Membrane Channel TolC Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Markov State Model Analysis
    Jingwei Weng, Wenning Wang
    Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling.2019; 59(5): 2359.     CrossRef
  • Recent paradigm shift in the assembly of bacterial tripartite efflux pumps and the type I secretion system
    Inseong Jo, Jin-Sik Kim, Yongbin Xu, Jaekyung Hyun, Kangseok Lee, Nam-Chul Ha
    Journal of Microbiology.2019; 57(3): 185.     CrossRef
  • Antibiotic Hybrids: the Next Generation of Agents and Adjuvants against Gram-Negative Pathogens?
    Ronald Domalaon, Temilolu Idowu, George G. Zhanel, Frank Schweizer
    Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Genetic identification of factors for extracellular cellulose accumulation in the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus vulcanus: proposal of a novel tripartite secretion system
    Kaisei Maeda, Jyunya Tamura, Yukiko Okuda, Rei Narikawa, Takafumi Midorikawa, Masahiko Ikeuchi
    Molecular Microbiology.2018; 109(1): 121.     CrossRef
  • Switch Loop Flexibility Affects Substrate Transport of the AcrB Efflux Pump
    Reinke T. Müller, Timothy Travers, Hi-jea Cha, Joshua L. Phillips, S. Gnanakaran, Klaas M. Pos
    Journal of Molecular Biology.2017; 429(24): 3863.     CrossRef
  • Molecular Rationale behind the Differential Substrate Specificity of Bacterial RND Multi-Drug Transporters
    Venkata Krishnan Ramaswamy, Attilio V. Vargiu, Giuliano Malloci, Jürg Dreier, Paolo Ruggerone
    Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Structure of the MacAB–TolC ABC-type tripartite multidrug efflux pump
    Anthony W. P. Fitzpatrick, Salomé Llabrés, Arthur Neuberger, James N. Blaza, Xiao-Chen Bai, Ui Okada, Satoshi Murakami, Hendrik W. van Veen, Ulrich Zachariae, Sjors H. W. Scheres, Ben F. Luisi, Dijun Du
    Nature Microbiology.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Structural Basis for the Serratia marcescens Lipase Secretion System: Crystal Structures of the Membrane Fusion Protein and Nucleotide-Binding Domain
    Daichi Murata, Hiroyuki Okano, Clement Angkawidjaja, Masato Akutsu, Shun-ichi Tanaka, Kenyu Kitahara, Takuya Yoshizawa, Hiroyoshi Matsumura, Yuji Kado, Eiichi Mizohata, Tsuyoshi Inoue, Satoshi Sano, Yuichi Koga, Shigenori Kanaya, Kazufumi Takano
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  • The Crystal Structure of the YknZ Extracellular Domain of ABC Transporter YknWXYZ from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
    Yongbin Xu, Jianyun Guo, Lulu Wang, Rui Jiang, Xiaoling Jin, Jing Liu, Shengdi Fan, Chun-Shan Quan, Nam-Chul Ha, Bostjan Kobe
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
Functional analysis of Vibrio vulnificus RND efflux pumps homologous to Vibrio cholerae VexAB and VexCD, and to Escherichia coli AcrAB
Seunghwa Lee , Ji-Hyun Yeom , Sojin Seo , Minho Lee , Sarang Kim , Jeehyeon Bae , Kangseok Lee , Jihwan Hwang
J. Microbiol. 2015;53(4):256-261.   Published online March 4, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5037-0
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AbstractAbstract
Resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pumps are associated with multidrug resistance in many gram-negative pathogens. The genome of Vibrio vulnificus encodes 11 putative RND pumps homologous to those of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli. In this study, we analyzed three putative RND efflux pumps, showing homology to V. cholerae VexAB and VexCD and to E. coli AcrAB, for their functional roles in multidrug resistance of V. vulnificus. Deletion of the vexAB homolog resulted in increased susceptibility of V. vulnificus to bile acid, acriflavine, ethidium bromide, and erythromycin, whereas deletion of acrAB homologs rendered V. vulnificus more susceptible to acriflavine only. Deletion of vexCD had no effect on susceptibility of V. vulnificus to these chemicals. Upon exposure to these antibacterial chemicals, expression of tolCV1 and tolCV2, which are putative outer membrane factors of RND efflux pumps, was induced, whereas expression levels of vexAB, vexCD, and acrAB homologs were not significantly changed. Our results show that the V. vulnificus homologs of VexAB largely contributed to in vitro antimicrobial resistance with a broad substrate specificity that was partially redundant with the AcrAB pump homologs.

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  • Dynamics of efflux pumps in antimicrobial resistance, persistence, and community living of Vibrionaceae
    Sanath Kumar, Manjusha Lekshmi, Jerusha Stephen, Anely Ortiz-Alegria, Matthew Ayitah, Manuel F. Varela
    Archives of Microbiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Membrane Efflux Pumps of Pathogenic Vibrio Species: Role in Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence
    Jerusha Stephen, Manjusha Lekshmi, Parvathi Ammini, Sanath H. Kumar, Manuel F. Varela
    Microorganisms.2022; 10(2): 382.     CrossRef
  • TolCV1 Has Multifaceted Roles During Vibrio vulnificus Infection
    Yue Gong, Rui Hong Guo, Joon Haeng Rhee, Young Ran Kim
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Nicholas Petronella, Jennifer Ronholm
    Microbial Genomics .2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter VcaM from Vibrio cholerae is Dependent on the Outer Membrane Factor Family for Its Function
    Wen-Jung Lu, Hsuan-Ju Lin, Thamarai Janganan, Cheng-Yi Li, Wei-Chiang Chin, Vassiliy Bavro, Hong-Ting Lin
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2018; 19(4): 1000.     CrossRef
  • Contribution of efflux systems to the detergent resistance, cytotoxicity, and biofilm formation of Vibrio vulnificus
    Chung-Cheng Lo, Pei-Ting Lin, Chuan Chiang-Ni, Kuan-Hua Lin, Shin-Luen Lee, Tzu-Fang Kuo, Horng-Ren Lo
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    Jeticia R. Sistrunk, Kourtney P. Nickerson, Rachael B. Chanin, David A. Rasko, Christina S. Faherty
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    Saemee Song, Boeun Lee, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Soonhye Hwang, Ilnam Kang, Jang-Cheon Cho, Nam-Chul Ha, Jeehyeon Bae, Kangseok Lee, Yong-Hak Kim, S. M. Payne
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  • Molecular architecture of the bacterial tripartite multidrug efflux pump focusing on the adaptor bridging model
    Saemee Song, Jin-Sik Kim, Kangseok Lee, Nam-Chul Ha
    Journal of Microbiology.2015; 53(6): 355.     CrossRef
Frequency of Antibiotic Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated from the Northern Population of Iran
Amin Talebi Bezmin Abadi , Tarang Taghvaei , Ashraf Mohabbati Mobarez , Beth M. Carpenter , D. Scott Merrell
J. Microbiol. 2011;49(6):987-993.   Published online December 28, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1170-6
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AbstractAbstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the primary resistance rates of recent clinical Helicobacter pylori isolates to the most commonly used antibiotics in Iran. Two hundreds and ten patients presenting with gastric maladies between January and July of 2009 were enrolled in this study. Endoscopy was performed, and biopsy specimens were collected from each patient for subsequent bacterial culture of H. pylori. Single colony isolates from each patient were then used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The disk diffusion method was used to determine susceptibility patterns. One hundred and ninety-seven of the patients were H. pylori positive (93.8%). The rates of resistance to tetracycline, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, clarithromycin, and furizoladone were 37.1%, 23.9%, 34.5%, 65.5%, 45.2%, and 61.4%, respectively. A significant association between amoxicillin resistance and disease state (P<0.05) was identified. Furthermore, some double, triple, quadruple, and quintuple combinations of antibiotic resistance were found to be associated with disease state. This study evaluated the prevalence of H. pylori resistance to the most commonly prescribed antibiotics used in Iran and showed that resistance rates were generally higher than previously reported. This data adds to the growing body of evidence that suggests there is increasing antibiotic resistance among H. pylori isolates, which likely is responsible for the decreasing efficacy of anti-H. pylori therapy at the local and global level. Hence, there is a need for continued monitoring of resistance patterns, especially at the local level, and for incorporation of that information into treatment regimens for H. pylori infections.
Occurrence and Antimicrobial Drug Susceptibility Patterns of Commensal and Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Fecal Microbiota from Children with and without Acute Diarrhea
Patrícia G. Garcia , Vânia L. Silva , Cláudio G. Diniz
J. Microbiol. 2011;49(1):46-52.   Published online March 3, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0172-8
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AbstractAbstract
Acute diarrhea is a public health problem and an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. The etiology is varied, and the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes are among the most important. Our objectives were to determine the occurrence of commensal and diarrheagenic E. coli strains in fecal samples from children under five years old and their drug susceptibility patterns. E. coli were isolated from 141 fresh fecal samples; 84 were obtained from clinically injured donors with acute diarrhea (AD) and 57 from clinically healthy donors without diarrhea (WD). Presumptive phenotypic species identification was carried out and confirmed by amplification of specific 16S ribosomal RNA encoding DNA. Multiplex PCR was performed to characterize the diarrheagenic E. coli strains. Drug susceptibility patterns were determined by the disc-diffusion method. In total, 220 strains were recovered from the fecal specimens (61.8% from AD and 38.2% from WD). Diarrheagenic E. coli was identified at a rate of 36.8% (n=50) in diarrheic feces and 29.8% (n=25) in non-diarrheic feces. Enteroaggregative E. coli was the most frequently identified pathotype in the AD group (16.2%) and the only pathotype identified in the WD group (30.9%). Enteropathogenic E. coli was the second most isolated pathotype (10.3%), followed by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (7.4%) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (2.9%). No enteroinvasive E. coli strains were recovered. The isolates showed high resistance rates against ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The most effective drugs were ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem and piperacillin-tazobactam, for which no resistance was observed. Differentiation between the diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes is of great importance since they are involved in acute diarrheal diseases and may require specific antimicrobial chemotherapy. The high antimicrobial resistance observed in our study raises a broad discussion on the indiscriminate or improper use of antimicrobials, besides the risks of self-medication.

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The Diversity of Multi-drug Resistance Profiles in Tetracycline-Resistant Vibrio Species Isolated from Coastal Sediments and Seawater
Farzana Ashrafi Neela , Lisa Nonaka , Satoru Suzuki
J. Microbiol. 2007;45(1):64-68.
DOI: https://doi.org/2489 [pii]
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AbstractAbstract
In this study we examined the multi-drug resistance profiles of the tetracycline (TC) resistant genus Vibrio to determine its susceptibility to two β-lactams, ampicillin (ABPC), and mecillinam (MPC), as well as to macrolide, erythromycin (EM). The results showed various patterns of resistance among strains that were isolated from very close geographical areas during the same year, suggesting diverse patterns of drug resistance in environmental bacteria from this area. In addition, the cross-resistance patterns suggested that the resistance determinants among Vibrio spp. are acquired differently within the sediment and seawater environments.
Review
Shigellosis
Swapan Kumar Niyogi
J. Microbiol. 2005;43(2):133-143.
DOI: https://doi.org/2172 [pii]
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AbstractAbstract
Shigellosis is a global human health problem. Four species of Shigella i.e. S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii and S. sonnei are able to cause the disease. These species are subdivided into serotypes on the basis of O-specific polysaccharide of the LPS. Shigella dysenteriae type 1 produces severe disease and may be associated with life-threatening complications. The symptoms of shigellosis include diarrhoea and/or dysentery with frequent mucoid bloody stools, abdominal cramps and tenesmus. Shigella spp. cause dysentery by invading the colonic mucosa. Shigella bacteria multiply within colonic epithelial cells, cause cell death and spread laterally to infect and kill adjacent epithelial cells, causing mucosal ulceration, inflammation and bleeding. Transmission usually occurs via contaminated food and water or through person-to-person contact. Laboratory diagnosis is made by culturing the stool samples using selective/differential agar media. Shigella spp. are highly fragile organism and considerable care must be exercised in collecting faecal specimens, transporting them to the laboratories and in using appropriate media for isolation. Antimicrobial agents are the mainstay of therapy of all cases of shigellosis. Due to the global emergence of drug resistance, the choice of antimicrobial agents for treating shigellosis is limited. Although single dose of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin has been shown to be effective, they are currently less effective against S. dysenteriae type 1 infection. Newer quinolones, cephalosporin derivatives, and azithromycin are the drug of choice. However, fluoroquinolone-resistant S. dysenteriae type 1 infection have been reported. Currently, no vaccines against Shigella infection exist. Both live and subunit parenteral vaccine candidates are under development. Because immunity to Shigella is serotype-specific, the priority is to develop vaccine against S. dysenteriae type 1 and S. flexneri type 2a. Shigella species are important pathogens responsible for diarrhoeal diseases and dysentery occurring all over the world. The morbidity and mortality due to shigellosis are especially high among children in developing countries. A recent review of literature (Kotloff et al.,1999) concluded that, of the estimated 165 million cases of Shigella diarrhoea that occur annually, 99% occur in developing countries, and in developing countries 69% of episodes occur in children under five years of age. Moreover, of the ca.1.1 million deaths attributed to Shigella infections in developing countries, 60% of deaths occur in the under-five age group. Travellers from developed to developing regions and soldiers serving under field conditions are also at an increased risk to develop shigellosis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Isolation of Quinupristin/Dalfopristin-Resistant Streptococcus agalactiae from Asymptomatic Korean Women
Hye Ran Nam , Hak Mee Lee , Yeonhee Lee
J. Microbiol. 2008;46(1):108-111.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-007-0217-1
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AbstractAbstract
Seven Streptococcus agalactiae isolates were obtained from the vagina of 80 asymptomatic women. Three of these isolates showed multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes: two isolates were resistant to clarithromycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline; and one isolate was resistant to clarithromycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and quinupristin/dalfopristin. There was no clonal relationship among the MDR isolates. This is the first report of quinupristin/dalfopristin-resistant S. agalactiae.
Genetic Relatedness within Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19F and 23F Isolates in Korea by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis
Kwang Jun Lee , Song Mee Bae , Kyu Jam Hwang , Young Hee Lee , Ki Sang Kim
J. Microbiol. 2003;41(1):1-6.
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AbstractAbstract
The genetic relatedness of multidrug-resistant pneumococcal isolates of serotypes 19F and 23F was investigated. The DNA fragments digested with Sma I were resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE analysis of 36 S. pneumoniae isolates showed 13 different patterns. Among 22 isolates of serotype 19F, 9 different PFGE patterns were present and 14 isolates of serotype 23F isolates represented 5 distinct PFGE patterns. Two isolates of serotype 19F and six isolates of serotype 23F shared the same PFGE pattern (Pattern I). Based on the genetic relatedness within the strains (one genetic cluster was defined as having more than 85% homology), we divided the pneumococcal strains into 6 genetic clusters (I, II, III, IV, V, and VI). The 22 strains of serotype 19F belonged to five distinct genetic clusters (I, II, III, IV, V and VI) and 14 strains of serotype 23F represented two genetic clusters (I and II ). These results showed that strains of serotype 19F are genetically more diverse than those of serotype 23F. Serotype 19F isolates with PFGE patterns H and I appeared to be less related to those of the remaining PFGE patterns (A to G) (less than 60% genetic relatedness), but those strains were genetically closely related with serotype 23F. These results suggest that the latter isolates originated from horizontal transfer of the capsular type 19F gene locus to 23F pneumococcal genotypes. In conclusion, the multidrug-resistant pneumococcal isolates of serotype 19F and 23F isolated in Korea are the result of the spread of a limited number of resistant clones.

Journal of Microbiology : Journal of Microbiology
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