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Journal Article
- Patterns and drivers of Vibrio isolates phylogenetic diversity in the Beibu Gulf, China
- Xing Chen , Hong Du , Si Chen , Xiaoli Li , Huaxian Zhao , Qiangsheng Xu , Jinli Tang , Gonglingxia Jiang , Shuqi Zou , Ke Dong , Jonathan M. Adams , Nan Li , Chengjian Jiang
- J. Microbiol. 2020;58(12):998-1009. Published online October 23, 2020
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0293-z
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- 3 Citations
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Abstract
- Members of the genus Vibrio are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and can be found either in a culturable or a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state. Despite widespread concerns as to how to define the occurrence and dynamics of Vibrio populations by culture-independent approaches, further physiological research and relevant biotechnological developments will require the isolation and cultivation of the microbes from various environments. The present work provides data and perspectives on our understanding of culturable Vibrio community structure and diversity in the Beibu Gulf. Finally, we isolated 1,037 strains of Vibrio from 45 samples and identified 18 different species. Vibrio alginolyticus, V. cyclitrophicus, V. tasmaniensis, V. brasiliensis, and V. splendidus were the dominant species that had regional distribution characteristics. The correlation between the quantitative distribution and community structure of culturable Vibrio and environmental factors varied with the Vibrio species and geographical locations. Among them, salinity, nitrogen, and phosphorus were the main factors affecting the diversity of culturable Vibrio. These results help to fill a knowledge gap on Vibrio diversity and provide data for predicting and controlling pathogenic Vibrio outbreaks in the Beibu Gulf.
Review
- MINIREVIEW] EAST1 toxin: An enigmatic molecule associated with sporadic episodes of diarrhea in humans and animals
- J. Daniel Dubreuil
- J. Microbiol. 2019;57(7):541-549. Published online June 27, 2019
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8651-4
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- 24 Citations
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Abstract
- EAST1 is produced by a subset of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains. This toxin is a 38-amino acid peptide of 4100 Da. It shares 50% homology with the enterotoxic domain of STa and interacts with the same receptor. The mechanism of action of EAST1is proposed to be identical to that of STa eliciting a cGMP increase. EAST1 is associated with diarrheal disease in Man and various animal species including cattle and swine. Nevertheless, as EAST1-positive strains as well as culture supernatants did not provoke unequivocally diarrhea either in animal models or in human volunteers, the role of this toxin in disease is today still debated. This review intent is to examine the role of EAST1 toxin in diarrheal illnesses.
- Histological Alterations and Immune Response Induced by Pet Toxin During Colonization with Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) in a Mouse Model
- Teresita Sainz , Julia Perez , Ma. Cristina Fresan , Veronica Flores , Luis Jimenez , Ulises Hernandez , Ismael Herrera , Carlos Eslava
- J. Microbiol. 2002;40(2):91-97.
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Abstract
- Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) is an important aethiological causal agent of diarrhea in people of developed and undeveloped countries. Different in vitro and in vivo models have been proposed to study the pathogenic and immune mechanisms of EAEC infection. The aim of this study was to analyze whether BALB/c mice could be used as an animal model to study EAEC pathogenesis. Six-week-old BALB/c mice were inoculated with EAEC strain 042 (O44:H18) nalidixic acid resistant, and re-inoculated ten days after. Mice feces were monitored for the presence of the EAEC strain over a period of 20 days. Bacteria were enumerated on MacConkey agar containing 100 ug of nalidixic acid per ml. Results showed that 35% of the animals were colonized for 3 days, 15% for 5 and 10% for more than 7 days. After re-inoculation only 16% of the animals remained colonized for more than 3 days. During the necropsy, the intestinal fluid of some of the infected animals presented mucus and blood. Six of these fluids showed the presence of IgA antibodies against Pet toxin and IgG antibodies raised against the toxin were also detected in the animal serum. Histopathologic evidence confirms the stimulation of mucus hypersecretion, an increased amount of goblet cells and the presence of bacterial aggregates in the apical surfaces of intestinal epithelial cells. Edema was present in the submucosa. These results suggest that BALB/c mice could be used as an animal model for the in vivo study of EAEC infection.
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