Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

Sequence analysis of the first B5 subgenogroup strain of enterovirus 71 isolated in Korea: Yu Jung Won , Lae Hyung Kang , Ah Ra Lee , Bomina Paik , Hyun Kim , Sung Geun Lee , Seung Won Park , Seung Jin Hong , Soon Young Paik; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(5):422-429. Published online March 28, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9539-z

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Abstract: Enterovirus A71 (EV71), the main etiological agent of handfoot- mouth disease (HFMD), circulates in many areas of the world and has caused large epidemics since 1997, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. In this study, we determined the full-genome sequence of CMC718, a newly isolated EV71 strain in Korea. The CMC718 genome was 7,415 nucleotides in length and was confirmed by whole-genome phylogenetic analysis to belong to the B5 genotype. In particular, CMC718 demonstrated maximum identity with strain M988 of the B5 genotype and numerous amino acid variants were detected in the 3D domain of the viral protein P3, which is consistent with the mutation pattern of a B5 strain isolated in 2012–2013. Comparison of the CMC718 sequence with other EV71 reference strains confirmed the relationship and genetic variation of CMC718. Our study was a full-genome sequence analysis of the first EV71 strain of the B5 genotype isolated in South Korea. This information will be a valuable reference for the development of methods for the detection of recombinant viruses, the tracking of infections, and the diagnosis of EV71.

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Molecular Detection and Characterization of Human Enteroviruses in Korean Surface Water: Gyucheol Lee , Chanhee Lee; J. Microbiol. 2008;46(3):319-324. Published online July 5, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-007-0232-2

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Abstract: In this study, the genetic epidemiology of enteroviruses (EVs) in Korean surface water was evaluated by conducting phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide sequences of the 5’ non-coding region (5’ NCR), which was determined by RT-PCR analysis of total culturable virus assay-positive samples. The results showed that the nucleotide sequences of the EVs could be classified into 4 genetic clusters, and that the predominant presence of Korea EVs were very similar to echoviruses type 30. Interestingly, two nucleotide sequences were very similar to those of coxsackievirus type B1 isolated from aseptic meningitis patients in Seoul, Korea, implying the possibility of a common source for the viruses circulated in water systems and humans. In addition, 3 nucleotide sequences clustered strongly with the nucleotide sequences from China or Japan, and one fell into the same cluster as echovirus type 11 from Taiwan, which suggests that EVs in Asia may have evolved in a region-specific manner. Taken together, the results of this study revealed that EVs from Korea surface waters could be genetically classified as coxsackieviruses or echoviruses, and that they evolved in Asia in a region-specific manner.

Detection of Human Adenoviruses and Enteroviruses in Korean Oysters Using Cell Culture, Integrated Cell Culture-PCR, and Direct PCR: Yoe-Jin Choo , Sang-Jong Kim; J. Microbiol. 2006;44(2):162-170.; DOI: https://doi.org/2369 [pii]

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Abstract: Oysters are known to be carriers of food-born diseases, but research on viruses in Korean oysters is scarce despite its importance for public health. We therefore tested oysters cultivated in Goheung, Seosan, Chungmu, and Tongyeong, for viral contamination using cell culture and integrated cell culture PCR (ICC-PCR) with Buffalo green monkey kidney (BGMK) and human lung epithelial (A549) cells. Additional screens via PCR, amplifying viral nucleic acids extracted from oysters supplemented our analysis. Our methods found 23.6%, 50.9%, and 89.1% of all oysters to be positive for adenoviruses when cell culture, ICC-PCR, and direct PCR, respectively, was used to conduct the screen. The same methodology identified enteroviruses in 5.45%, 30.9%, and 10.9% of all cases. Most of the detected enteroviruses (81.3%) were similar to poliovirus type 1; the remainder resembled coxsackievirus type A1. A homology search with the adenoviral sequences revealed similarities to adenovirus subgenera C (type 2, 5, and 6), D (type 44), and F (enteric type 40 and 41). Adenovirus-positive samples were more abundant in A549 cells (47.3%) than in BGMK cells (18.2%), while the reverse was true for enteroviruses (21.8% vs. 14.5%). Our data demonstrate that Korean oysters are heavily contaminated with enteric viruses, which is readily detectable via ICC-PCR using a combination of A549 and BGMK cells.

Detection of Enterovirus, Cytomegalovirus, and Chlamydia pneumoniae in Atheromas: Tae Won Kwon , Do Kyun Kim , Jeong Sook Ye , Won Joo Lee , Mi Sun Moon , Chul Hyun Joo , Heuiran Lee , Yoo Kyum Kim; J. Microbiol. 2004;42(4):299-304.

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Abstract: To investigate the presence of infectious agents in human atherosclerotic arterial tissues. Atherosclerotic plaques were removed from 128 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy or other bypass procedures for occlusive disease, and from twenty normal arterial wall samples, obtained from transplant donors with no history of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, or hyperlipidemia. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcription-PCR, these samples were analyzed for the presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus, enterovirus, adenovirus, herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2, and Epstein-Barr virus. The amplicons were then sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Enteroviral RNA was found in 22 of 128 atherosclerotic vascular lesions (17.2%), and C. pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus were each found in 2 samples (1.6%). In contrast, adenovirus, herpes simplex viruses, and Epstein-Barr virus were not identified in any of the atherosclerotic samples. Enterovirus was detected in 6/24 (25.0%) aortas, 7/33 (21.2%) carotid arteries, 6/40 (15.0%) femoral arteries, and 3/31 (9.7%) radial arteries of patients with chronic renal failure. There were no infectious agents detected in any of the control specimens. Using phylogenetic analysis, the enterovirus isolates were clustered into 3 groups, arranged as echovirus 9 and coxsackieviruses B1 and B3. Enteroviral RNA was detected in 17.2% of atherosclerotic plaques, but was not observed in any of the control specimens. This suggests a connection between enteroviral infection and atherosclerosis. These findings differ from those of other studies, which found more frequent incidence of C. pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus infection in atherosclerotic plaques.

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