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- Effects of Phosphorus‑dissolving Dark Septate Endophytes on the Growth of Blueberry
- Qixin Luo , Rui Hou , Xiaojing Shang , Si Li
- J. Microbiol. 2023;61(9):837-851. Published online October 5, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00080-2
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Abstract
- Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) are widely distributed and improve plant growth. DSEs secrete large amounts of enzymes to mineralize insoluble phosphorus in soil and convert it into soluble phosphorus, promoting plant uptake of phosphorus. However, the effects of DSEs with phosphate-solubilizing ability on host plants need further study. In this study, phosphorusdissolving DSEs were screened for growth-promoting effects. We isolated, identified and characterized three DSE species (Thozetella neonivea, Pezicula ericae and Hyaloscyphaceae sp.) showing phosphate-solubilizing ability. The impact of single, dual or triple inoculation of DSEs on blueberry plant characteristics was studied. Their effects on colonization intensity, seedling biomass, nutrients in plants and soil, and activities of plant resistance enzymes and soil enzymes were markedly upregulated relative to the control (P < 0.05). The available phosphorus and acid phosphatase levels in different combinations were significantly increased. These findings indicate that the application of the three DSEs may be valuable in facilitating the cultivation of blueberry with a higher biomass and improved plant quality.
- Gut Lactobacillus and Probiotics Lactobacillus lactis/rhamnosis Ameliorate Liver Fibrosis in Prevention and Treatment
- Sung Min Won , Na Young Lee , Ki&# , Haripriya Gupta , Satya Priya Sharma , Kyung Hwan Kim , Byoung Kook Kim , Hyun Chae Joung , Jin Ju Jeong , Raja Ganesan , Sang Hak Han , Sang Jun Yoon , Dong Joon Kim , Ki Tae Suk
- J. Microbiol. 2023;61(2):245-257. Published online February 6, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00014-y
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- 5 Citations
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Abstract
- The progression and exacerbation of liver fibrosis are closely related to the gut microbiome. It is hypothesized that some probiotics may slow the progression of liver fibrosis. In human stool analysis [healthy group (n = 44) and cirrhosis group (n = 18)], difference in Lactobacillus genus between healthy group and cirrhosis group was observed. Based on human data, preventive and therapeutic effect of probiotics Lactobacillus lactis and L. rhamnosus was evaluated by using four mice fibrosis models. L. lactis and L. rhamnosus were supplied to 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine or carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis C57BL/6 mouse model. Serum biochemical measurements, tissue staining, and mRNA expression in the liver were evaluated. The microbiome was analyzed in mouse cecal contents. In the mouse model, the effects of Lactobacillus in preventing and treating liver fibrosis were different for each microbe species. In case of L. lactis, all models showed preventive and therapeutic effects against liver fibrosis. In microbiome analysis in mouse models administered Lactobacillus, migration and changes in the ratio and composition of the gut microbial community were confirmed. L. lactis and L. rhamnosus showed preventive and therapeutic effects on the progression of liver fibrosis, suggesting that Lactobacillus intake may be a useful strategy for prevention and treatment.
- Characteristic alterations of gut microbiota in uncontrolled gout
- Asad ul-Haq , Kyung-Ann Lee , Hoonhee Seo , Sukyung Kim , Sujin Jo , Kyung Min Ko , Su-Jin Moon , Yun Sung Kim , Jung Ran Choi , Ho-Yeon Song , Hyun-Sook Kim
- J. Microbiol. 2022;60(12):1178-1190. Published online November 24, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2416-1
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- 12 Citations
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Abstract
- Microbiome research has been on the rise recently for a more in-depth understanding of gout. Meanwhile, there is a need to understand the gut microbiome related to uric acid-lowering drug resistance. In this study, 16S rRNA gene-based microbiota analysis was performed for a total of 65 stool samples from 17 healthy controls and 48 febuxostat-treated gout patients (including 28 controlled subjects with decreased uric acid levels and 20 uncontrolled subjects with non-reduced uric acid levels). Alpha diversity of bacterial community decreased in the healthy control, controlled, and uncontrolled groups. In the case of beta diversity, the bacterial community was significantly different among groups (healthy control, controlled, and uncontrolled groups). Taxonomic biomarker analysis revealed the increased population of g-Bifidobacterium in healthy controls and g-Prevotella in uncontrolled patients. PCR further confirmed this result at the species level. Additionally, functional metagenomics predictions led to the exploration of various functional biomarkers, including purine metabolism. The results of this study can serve as a basis for developing potential new strategies for diagnosing and treating gout from microbiome prospects.
- Pat- and Pta-mediated protein acetylation is required for horizontallyacquired virulence gene expression in Salmonella Typhimurium
- Hyojeong Koo , Eunna Choi , Shinae Park , Eun-Jin Lee , Jung-Shin Lee
- J. Microbiol. 2022;60(8):823-831. Published online May 27, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2095-y
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Abstract
- Salmonella Typhimurium is a Gram-negative facultative pathogen that causes a range of diseases, from mild gastroenteritis to severe systemic infection in a variety of animal hosts. S. Typhimurium regulates virulence gene expression by a silencing mechanism using nucleoid-associated proteins such as Histone-like Nucleoid Structuring protein (H-NS) silencing. We hypothesize that the posttranslational modification, specifically protein acetylation, of proteins in gene silencing systems could affect the pathogenic gene expression of S. Typhimurium. Therefore, we created acetylation-deficient mutant by deleting two genes, pat and pta, which are involved in the protein acetylation pathway. We observed that the pat and pta deletion attenuates mouse virulence and also decreases Salmonella’s replication within macrophages. In addition, the Δpat Δpta strain showed a decreased expression of the horizontally-acquired virulence genes, mgtC, pagC, and ugtL, which are highly expressed in low Mg2+. The decreased virulence gene expression is possibly due to higher H-NS occupancy to those promoters because the pat and pta deletion increases H-NS occupancy whereas the same mutation decreases occupancy of RNA polymerase. Our results suggest that Pat- and Pta-mediated protein acetylation system promotes the expression of virulence genes by regulating the binding affinity of H-NS in S. Typhimurium.
- Potato tillage method is associated with soil microbial communities, soil chemical properties, and potato yield
- Haiyan Ma , Chen Xie , Shunlin Zheng , Peihua Li , Hafsa Nazir Cheema , Jing Gong , Zhuqing Xiang , Juanjuan Liu , Jiahao Qin
- J. Microbiol. 2022;60(2):156-166. Published online January 7, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1060-0
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- 6 Citations
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Abstract
- Intensive potato continuous cropping (IPCC) results in low potato yields compared with non-intensive potato continuous cropping (PCC) and potato-maize rotation (PMRC). However, it is still unclear whether the degree of potato continuous cropping obstacle is related to the soil environment formed by the previous crop. To investigate the effect of planting potatoes and planting maize after harvesting the spring potatoes on soil chemical properties and soil microbial community structure, an experiment was carried out in the same origin soil environment over a period of seven years: (a) PCC, i.e., spring planting; (b) IPCC, i.e., autumn and spring planting (IPCC); (c) PMRC, i.e., spring potatoes and summer maize (PMRC), and (d) fallow (CK). We confirmed that the potato yield under PMRC was significantly higher than that under PCC and IPCC. Under IPCC, soil total phosphorus content was significantly higher than other treatments, whereas ammonium nitrogen content was the lowest. Compared with PCC and IPCC, PMRC had a higher ammonium nitrogen content and lower total phosphorus content. The significantly different fungal taxa in IPCC (Glomerellales, Plectosphaerella, Thelebolales) may threaten the health of the plant and positive correlated with soil total phosphorus, while other microbial taxa in PMRC (Bacillales, Polythrincium, Helotiales) can mainly promotes plant nitrogen uptake and protects plants against diseases. The PMRC-promoting taxa were positively correlated with the ammonium nitrogen content and negative correlated with soil total phosphorus content. In summary, the cropping systems might have affected potato yields by changed soil microorganism community structures – especially fungal community structures – and by the chemical properties of the soils that also depends on microbes.
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