Journal of Microbiology

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Pat- and Pta-mediated protein acetylation is required for horizontallyacquired virulence gene expression in Salmonella Typhimurium: Hyojeong Koo , Eunna Choi , Shinae Park , Eun-Jin Lee , Jung-Shin Lee; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(8):823-831. Published online May 27, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2095-y

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Salmonella Typhimurium is a Gram-negative facultative pathogen that causes a range of diseases, from mild gastroenteritis to severe systemic infection in a variety of animal hosts. S. Typhimurium regulates virulence gene expression by a silencing mechanism using nucleoid-associated proteins such as Histone-like Nucleoid Structuring protein (H-NS) silencing. We hypothesize that the posttranslational modification, specifically protein acetylation, of proteins in gene silencing systems could affect the pathogenic gene expression of S. Typhimurium. Therefore, we created acetylation-deficient mutant by deleting two genes, pat and pta, which are involved in the protein acetylation pathway. We observed that the pat and pta deletion attenuates mouse virulence and also decreases Salmonella’s replication within macrophages. In addition, the Δpat Δpta strain showed a decreased expression of the horizontally-acquired virulence genes, mgtC, pagC, and ugtL, which are highly expressed in low Mg2+. The decreased virulence gene expression is possibly due to higher H-NS occupancy to those promoters because the pat and pta deletion increases H-NS occupancy whereas the same mutation decreases occupancy of RNA polymerase. Our results suggest that Pat- and Pta-mediated protein acetylation system promotes the expression of virulence genes by regulating the binding affinity of H-NS in S. Typhimurium.

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Reversible acetylation of ribosomal protein S1 serves as a smart switch for Salmonella to rapidly adapt to host stress
Yi-Lin Shen, Tian-Xian Liu, Lei Xu, Bang-Ce Ye, Ying Zhou
Nucleic Acids Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Effects of Hydrogen Ions on Aquatic Microbial Populations in Korea: Ahn, Young Beom , Cho, Hong Bum , Choi, Yong Keel; J. Microbiol. 1995;33(3):184-190.

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Abstract: From July 1994 to March 1995, eighteen variables of physico-chemical factors including heavy metals, and of bacteria in the four reservoirs of Kyonggi-Do were investigated to examine the effects of acidic precipitation to bacterial population. The pH range in the study area is from 6.56 to 10.24, which also showed seasonal change extensively compared to other factors. The correlation analysis showed that pH has a significant positive correlation (mean 79%) with the microbial populations in Wangsong reservoir. By multiple regression analysis on all of the seasons and stations, good explanation was obtained for the variation in total direct count of bacteria (71% and 88%, respectively), and the plate count of heterotrophic bacteria (76% and 88%, respectively). In the surface water of Wansong reservoir, the variation of total count of bacteria was affected by the S/O (soluble sugar/total organic matter ratio) value and the pH, and that of the plate count of heterotrophic bacteria was explained as 63% by pH. However, in other stations they were explained by the NO₂, total organic matter (TOM), soluble sugar (SS), temperature, and dissolved oxygen as 21~91%. On the basis of the results, the bacterial populations on the media at pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 were compared to determine the effects of acidic proceeding. All the colonies grew the best on the media of pH 7.0, but started to decrease from pH 5.0.

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