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Review
Adenoviral Vector System: A Comprehensive Overview of Constructions, Therapeutic Applications and Host Responses
Anyeseu Park, Jeong Yoon Lee
J. Microbiol. 2024;62(7):491-509.   Published online July 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00159-4
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AbstractAbstract
Adenoviral vectors are crucial for gene therapy and vaccine development, offering a platform for gene delivery into host cells. Since the discovery of adenoviruses, first-generation vectors with limited capacity have evolved to third-generation vectors flacking viral coding sequences, balancing safety and gene-carrying capacity. The applications of adenoviral vectors for gene therapy and anti-viral treatments have expanded through the use of in vitro ligation and homologous recombination, along with gene editing advancements such as CRISPR-Cas9. Current research aims to maintain the efficacy and safety of adenoviral vectors by addressing challenges such as pre-existing immunity against adenoviral vectors and developing new adenoviral vectors from rare adenovirus types and non-human species. In summary, adenoviral vectors have great potential in gene therapy and vaccine development. Through continuous research and technological advancements, these vectors are expected to lead to the development of safer and more effective treatments.

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  • Engineering an oncolytic adenoviral platform for precise delivery of antisense peptide nucleic acid to modulate PD-L1 overexpression in cancer cells
    Andrea Patrizia Falanga, Francesca Greco, Monica Terracciano, Stefano D’Errico, Maria Marzano, Sara Feola, Valentina Sepe, Flavia Fontana, Ilaria Piccialli, Vincenzo Cerullo, Hélder A. Santos, Nicola Borbone
    International Journal of Pharmaceutics.2025; 668: 124941.     CrossRef
  • Enhancing precision in cancer treatment: the role of gene therapy and immune modulation in oncology
    Emile Youssef, Brandon Fletcher, Dannelle Palmer
    Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Protein-Based Degraders: From Chemical Biology Tools to Neo-Therapeutics
    Lisha Ou, Mekedlawit T. Setegne, Jeandele Elliot, Fangfang Shen, Laura M. K. Dassama
    Chemical Reviews.2025; 125(4): 2120.     CrossRef
  • Intestinal mucus: the unsung hero in the battle against viral gastroenteritis
    Waqar Saleem, Ateeqa Aslam, Mehlayl Tariq, Hans Nauwynck
    Gut Pathogens.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Chromatin structure and gene transcription of recombinant p53 adenovirus vector within host
    Duo Ning, Yuqing Deng, Simon Zhongyuan Tian
    Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Molecular Engineering of Virus Tropism
    Bo He, Belinda Wilson, Shih-Heng Chen, Kedar Sharma, Erica Scappini, Molly Cook, Robert Petrovich, Negin P. Martin
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(20): 11094.     CrossRef
  • Antisolvent 3D Printing of Gene-Activated Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration
    Andrey Vyacheslavovich Vasilyev, Irina Alekseevna Nedorubova, Viktoria Olegovna Chernomyrdina, Anastasiia Yurevna Meglei, Viktoriia Pavlovna Basina, Anton Vladimirovich Mironov, Valeriya Sergeevna Kuznetsova, Victoria Alexandrovna Sinelnikova, Olga Anatol
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(24): 13300.     CrossRef
Journal Article
Licochalcone A Protects Vaginal Epithelial Cells Against Candida albicans Infection Via the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Wei Li, Yujun Yin, Taoqiong Li, Yiqun Wang, Wenyin Shi
J. Microbiol. 2024;62(7):525-533.   Published online May 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00134-z
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AbstractAbstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a prevalent condition affecting a significant portion of women worldwide. Licochalcone A (LA), a natural compound with diverse biological activities, holds promise as a protective agent against Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection. This study aims to investigate the potential of LA to safeguard vaginal epithelial cells (VECs) from C. albicans infection and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. To simulate VVC in vitro, VK2-E6E7 cells were infected with C. albicans. Candida albicans biofilm formation, C. albicans adhesion to VK2-E6E7 cells, and C. albicans-induced cell damage and inflammatory responses were assessed by XTT reduction assay, fluorescence assay, LDH assay, and ELISA. CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of LA on VK2-E6E7 cells. Western blotting assay was performed to detect protein expression. LA dose-dependently hindered C. albicans biofilm formation and adhesion to VK2-E6E7 cells. Furthermore, LA mitigated cell damage, inhibited the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and attenuated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in C. albicans-induced VK2-E6E7 cells. The investigation into LA's impact on the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway revealed that LA downregulated TLR4 expression and inhibited NF-κB activation in C. albicans-infected VK2-E6E7 cells. Furthermore, TLR4 overexpression partially abated LA-mediated protection, further highlighting the role of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. LA holds the potential to safeguard VECs against C. albicans infection, potentially offering therapeutic avenues for VVC management.
Review
Balancing Act of the Intestinal Antimicrobial Proteins on Gut Microbiota and Health
Ye Eun Ra, Ye‑Ji Bang
J. Microbiol. 2024;62(3):167-179.   Published online April 17, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00122-3
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AbstractAbstract
The human gut houses a diverse and dynamic microbiome critical for digestion, metabolism, and immune development, exerting profound efects on human health. However, these microorganisms pose a potential threat by breaching the gut barrier, entering host tissues, and triggering infections, uncontrolled infammation, and even sepsis. The intestinal epithelial cells form the primary defense, acting as a frontline barrier against microbial invasion. Antimicrobial proteins (AMPs), produced by these cells, serve as innate immune efectors that regulate the gut microbiome by directly killing or inhibiting microbes. Abnormal AMP production, whether insufcient or excessive, can disturb the microbiome equilibrium, contributing to various intestinal diseases. This review delves into the complex interactions between AMPs and the gut microbiota and sheds light on the role of AMPs in governing host-microbiota interactions. We discuss the function and mechanisms of action of AMPs, their regulation by the gut microbiota, microbial evasion strategies, and the consequences of AMP dysregulation in disease. Understanding these complex interactions between AMPs and the gut microbiota is crucial for developing strategies to enhance immune responses and combat infections within the gut microbiota. Ongoing research continues to uncover novel aspects of this intricate relationship, deepening our understanding of the factors shaping gut health. This knowledge has the potential to revolutionize therapeutic interventions, ofering enhanced treatments for a wide range of gut-related diseases.

Citations

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  • Host-directed therapies modulating innate immunity against infection in hematologic malignancies
    Qiong Wang, Kristján Hermannsson, Egill Másson, Peter Bergman, Guðmundur Hrafn Guðmundsson
    Blood Reviews.2025; 70: 101255.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of naturalization mouse model setups uncover distinct effects on intestinal mucosa depending on microbial experience
    Henriette Arnesen, Signe Birkeland, Harriet Stendahl, Klaus Neuhaus, David Masopust, Preben Boysen, Harald Carlsen
    Discovery Immunology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Oral administration of LEAP2 enhances immunity against Edwardsiella tarda through regulation of gut bacterial community and metabolite in mudskipper
    Ting-Fang Zhu, Hai-Peng Guo, Li Nie, Jiong Chen
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology.2025; 158: 110128.     CrossRef
  • Pharmacology of Intestinal Inflammation and Repair
    Céline Deraison, Nathalie Vergnolle
    Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology .2025; 65(1): 301.     CrossRef
  • Macrophages and Gut Barrier Function: Guardians of Gastrointestinal Health in Post-Inflammatory and Post-Infection Responses
    Edward Xiangtai Meng, George Nicholas Verne, Qiqi Zhou
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(17): 9422.     CrossRef
  • Progress in the Identification and Design of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides Against Pathogenic Microorganisms
    Shengwei Sun
    Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Host-Associated Microbiome
    Woo Jun Sul
    Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(3): 135.     CrossRef
  • Gut Microbiota as Emerging Players in the Development of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
    Wei Li, Wenkang Gao, Shengqi Yan, Ling Yang, Qingjing Zhu, Huikuan Chu
    Biomedicines.2024; 13(1): 74.     CrossRef
Journal Articles
Yeast polyubiquitin unit regulates synaptonemal complex formation and recombination during meiosis
Min-Kyung Jo , Kiwon Rhee , Keun Pil Kim , Soogil Hong
J. Microbiol. 2022;60(7):705-714.   Published online July 4, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2204-y
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AbstractAbstract
Ubiquitin is highly conserved in most eukaryotes and involved in diverse physiological processes, including cell division, protein quality control, and protein degradation mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system after heat shock, glucose-starvation, and oxidative stress. However, the role of the ubiquitin gene UBI4, which contains five consecutive head-to-tail ubiquitin repeats, in meiosis has not been investigated. In this study, we show that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae polyubiquitin precursor gene, UBI4, is required to promote synaptonemal complex (SC) formation and suppress excess doublestrand break formation. Moreover, the proportion of Zip1 polycomplexes, which indicate abnormal SC formation, in cells with a mutation in UBI4 (i.e., ubi4Δ cells) is higher than that of wild-type cells, implying that the UBI4 plays an important role in the early meiotic prophase I. Interestingly, although ubi4Δ cells rarely form full-length SCs in the pachytene stage of prophase I, the Zip3 foci are still seen, as in wild-type cells. Moreover, ubi4Δ cells proficiently form crossover and noncrossover products with a slight delay compared to wild-type cells, suggesting that UBI4 is dispensable in SCcoupled recombination. Our findings demonstrate that UBI4 exhibits dual functions that are associated with both positive and negative roles in SC formation and recombination during meiosis.

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  • The deubiquitinase Usp7 in Drosophila melanogaster is required for synaptonemal complex maintenance
    Cathleen M. Lake, Jennifer Gardner, Salam Briggs, Zulin Yu, Grace McKown, R. Scott Hawley
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Description of Vagococcus coleopterorum sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of the diving beetle, Cybister lewisianus, and Vagococcus hydrophili sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of the dark diving beetle, Hydrophilus acuminatus, and emended description of the genus Vagococcus
Dong-Wook Hyun , Euon Jung Tak , Pil Soo Kim , Jin-Woo Bae
J. Microbiol. 2021;59(2):132-141.   Published online December 23, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0485-1
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AbstractAbstract
A polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to characterize two novel bacterial strains, HDW17AT and HDW17BT, isolated from the intestine of the diving beetle Cybister lewisianus, and the dark diving beetle Hydrophilus acuminatus, respectively. Both strains were Gram-positive and facultative anaerobic cocci forming cream-colored colonies. The isolates grew optimally at 25°C, pH 7, in the presence of 0.3% (wt/vol) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome sequences showed that the isolates were members of the genus Vagococcus, and strain HDW17AT was closely related to Vagococcus fessus CCUG 41755T (98.9% of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 74.3% of average nucleotide identity [ANI]), whereas strain HDW17BT was closely related to Vagococcus fluvialis NCFB 2497T (98.9% of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 76.6% of ANI). Both strains contained C16:0, and C18:1 ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids, but C16:1 ω9c was also observed only in strain HDW17BT as the major cellular fatty acid. The respiratory quinone of the isolates was MK-7. The major polar lipid components were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA G + C content of strains HDW17AT and HDW17BT were 36.6 and 34.4%, respectively. Both strains had cell wall peptidoglycan composed of the amino acids L-alanine, glycine, D-glutamic acid, L-tryptophan, L-lysine, and L-aspartic acid, and the sugars ribose, glucose, and galactose. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses, strains HDW17AT and HDW17BT represent two novel species in the genus Vagococcus. We propose the name Vagococcus coleopterorum sp. nov. for strain HDW17AT (= KACC 21348T = KCTC 49324T = JCM 33674T) and the name Vagococcus hydrophili sp. nov. for strain HDW17BT (= KACC 21349T = KCTC 49325T = JCM 33675T).

Citations

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  • Vagococcus proximus sp. nov. and Vagococcus intermedius sp. nov., originating from modified atmosphere packaged broiler meat
    Per Johansson, Elina Jääskeläinen, Elina Säde, Johanna Björkroth
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A case of Vagococcus fluvialis isolated from the bile of a patient with calculous cholecystitis
    Dan Zhang, Xiaosu Wang, Jingdan Yu, Zheng Dai, Qichao Li, Litao Zhang
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Vagococcus luciliae sp. nov., isolated from the common green bottle fly Lucilia sericata
    Juan Guzman, Anja Poehlein, Rolf Daniel, Peter Kämpfer, Andreas Vilcinskas
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Valid publication of new names and new combinations effectively published outside the IJSEM. Validation List no. 203
    Aharon Oren, George M. Garrity
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effects of different doses of electron beam irradiation on bacterial community of Portunus trituberculatus
    Huijuan Pan, Qi Yu, Chenru Qian, Haitao Shao, Jiajun Han, Yongyong Li, Yongjiang Lou
    Food Bioscience.2021; 42: 101198.     CrossRef
  • Description of Nocardioides piscis sp. nov., Sphingomonas piscis sp. nov. and Sphingomonas sinipercae sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of fish species Odontobutis interrupta (Korean spotted sleeper) and Siniperca scherzeri (leopard mandarin fish)
    Dong-Wook Hyun, Yun-Seok Jeong, Jae-Yun Lee, Hojun Sung, So-Yeon Lee, Jee-Won Choi, Hyun Sik Kim, Pil Soo Kim, Jin-Woo Bae
    Journal of Microbiology.2021; 59(6): 552.     CrossRef
Autophagy of bovine mammary epithelial cell induced by intracellular Staphylococcus aureus
Na Geng , Kangping Liu , Jianwei Lu , Yuliang Xu , Xiaozhou Wang , Run Wang , Jianzhu Liu , Yongxia Liu , Bo Han
J. Microbiol. 2020;58(4):320-329.   Published online February 26, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9182-8
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AbstractAbstract
Bovine mastitis is a common disease in the dairy industry that causes great economic losses. As the primary pathogen of contagious mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) can invade bovine mammary epithelial cells, thus evading immune defenses and resulting in persistent infection. Recently, autophagy has been considered an important mechanism for host cells to clear intracellular pathogens. In the current study, autophagy caused by S. aureus was detected, and the correlation between autophagy and intracellular S. aureus survival was assessed. First, a model of intracellular S. aureus infection was established. Then, the autophagy of MAC-T cells was evaluated by confocal microscopy and western blot. Moreover, the activation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling pathways was determined by western blot. Finally, the relationship between intracellular bacteria and autophagy was analyzed by using autophagy regulators (3-methyladenine [3-MA], rapamycin [Rapa] and chloroquine [CQ]). The
results
showed that S. aureus caused obvious induction of autophagosome formation, transformation of LC3I/II, and degradation of p62/SQSTM1 in MAC-T cells; furthermore, the PI3K-Akt-mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling pathways were activated. The number of intracellular S. aureus increased significantly with autophagy activation by rapamycin, whereas the number decreased when the autophagy flux was inhibited by chloroquine. Therefore, this study indicated that intracellular S. aureus can induce autophagy and utilize it to survive in bovine mammary epithelial cells.

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  • Carotenoids as modulators of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway: innovative strategies in cancer therapy
    Biswajit Kumar Utpal, Zerrouki Dehbia, B. M. Redwan Matin Zidan, Sherouk Hussein Sweilam, Laliteshwar Pratap Singh, M. S. Arunkumar, M. Sona, Uttam Prasad Panigrahy, R. Keerthana, Sandhya Rani Mandadi, Safia Obaidur Rab, Mohammed Ali Alshehri, Doukani Kou
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    European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • UID-Dual Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis of the Molecular Interactions between Streptococcus agalactiae ATCC 27956 and Mammary Epithelial Cells
    Jishang Gong, Taotao Li, Yuanfei Li, Xinwei Xiong, Jiguo Xu, Xuewen Chai, Youji Ma
    Animals.2024; 14(17): 2587.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of differentially expressed microRNAs in bovine mammary epithelial cells treated with lipoteichoic acid
    Puxiu Shen, Jingcheng Yu, Chenbo Yan, Dexin Yang, Chao Tong, Xinzhuang Wang
    Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition.2023; 107(2): 463.     CrossRef
  • PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy enhances the survival of Staphylococcus aureus in bovine macrophages
    Xi Zhou, Kangjun Liu, Jianji Li, Luying Cui, Junsheng Dong, Jun Li, Xia Meng, Guoqiang Zhu, Heng Wang
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    Ruiyuan Yao, Manshulin Wang, Yue Zhao, Qiang Ji, Xue Feng, Linfeng Bai, Lili Bao, Yanfeng Wang, Huifang Hao, Xihe Li, Zhigang Wang
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    Dianwen Xu, Guiqiu Hu, Jianchun Luo, Ji Cheng, Di Wu, Lisha Cheng, Xuejie Huang, Shoupeng Fu, Juxiong Liu
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    Hongzhu Zhang, Yang Xue, Wan Xie, Yan Wang, Nana Ma, Guangjun Chang, Xiangzhen Shen
    Journal of Dairy Science.2023; 106(3): 2007.     CrossRef
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    Renxu Chang, Yan Tang, Hongdou Jia, Zhihao Dong, Shuang Gao, Qian Song, Hao Dong, Qiushi Xu, Qianming Jiang, Juan J. Loor, Xudong Sun, Chuang Xu
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  • Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus inhibits autophagy of bovine mammary epithelial cells through activating p38α
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    Mengyao Wang, Ziyao Fan, Hongbing Han
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
Pten gene deletion in intestinal epithelial cells enhances susceptibility to Salmonella Typhimurium infection in mice
Cody Howe , Jonathon Mitchell , Su Jin Kim , Eunok Im , Sang Hoon Rhee
J. Microbiol. 2019;57(11):1012-1018.   Published online September 25, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9320-3
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AbstractAbstract
Although phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is typically considered a tumor-suppressor gene, it was recently suggested that PTEN regulates TLR5-induced immune and inflammatory responses in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), suggesting an immunomodulatory function of PTEN in the gut. However, this alternative function of PTEN has not yet been evaluated in an in vivo context of protection against enteropathogenic bacteria. To address this, we utilized IECrestricted Pten knockout (PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC) and littermate Pten+/+ mice. These mice were subjected to the streptomycin-pretreated mouse model of Salmonella infection, and subsequently given an oral gavage of a low inoculum (2 × 104 CFU) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). This bacterial infection not only increased the mortality of PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice compared to Pten+/+ mice, but also induced deleterious gastrointestinal inflammation in PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice manifested by massive histological damage to the intestinal mucosa. S. Typhimurium infection upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the intestine of PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice compared to controls. Furthermore, bacterial loads were greatly increased in the liver, mesenteric lymph node, and spleen of PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice compared to controls. Together, these results suggest that IEC-restricted Pten deficiency renders the host greatly susceptible to Salmonella infection and support an immuneregulatory role of PTEN in the gut.

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  • Exploring Protein Functions of Gut Bacteriome and Mycobiome in Thai Infants Associated with Atopic Dermatitis Through Metaproteomic and Host Interaction Analysis
    Thanawit Chantanaskul, Preecha Patumcharoenpol, Sittirak Roytrakul, Amornthep Kingkaw, Wanwipa Vongsangnak
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  • Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) of Japanese Flounder—Its Regulation by miRNA and Role in Autophagy, Apoptosis and Pathogen Infection
    Wenrui Li, Xiaolu Guan, Li Sun
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  • Chlorogenic Acid Promotes Autophagy and Alleviates Salmonella Typhimurium Infection Through the lncRNAGAS5/miR-23a/PTEN Axis and the p38 MAPK Pathway
    Shirui Tan, Fang Yan, Qingrong Li, Yaping Liang, Junxu Yu, Zhenjun Li, Feifei He, Rongpeng Li, Ming Li
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Involvement of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathway in β1 Integrin-Mediated Internalization of Staphylococcus aureus by Alveolar Epithelial Cells
Jia-He Wang , Ke Zhang , Nan Wang , Xiao-Min Qiu , Yi-Bing Wang , Ping He
J. Microbiol. 2013;51(5):644-650.   Published online June 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-3040-x
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AbstractAbstract
The invasion of Staphylococcus aureus into alveolar epithelial cells is regarded as the key step for S. aureus lung infection. However, the mechanism of internalization of S. aureus by alveolar epithelial cells is not clear, and was the aim of this investigation Human lung adenocarcinomic epithelial cells and A549 cells were used. Human β1 integrin and rat β1 integrin were detected by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. The expressions of β1 integrin, Akt and p-Akt were detected by Western blot analysis. To further investigate the role of β1 integrin in S. aureus internalization by alveolar epithelial cells, we next performed siRNA-mediated knockdown of β1 integrin expression. In this study, we found that S. aureus invades human alveolar epithelial cells and rat primary alveolar epithelial cells. The β1 integrin ligand competitive inhibitor, GRGDS-peptide, blocked the internalization of S. aureus by A549 cells. Knockdown of β1 integrin also inhibited the internalization of S. aureus. In addition, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in alveolar epithelial cells was activated by the infection with S. aureus. Furthermore, Akt phosphorylation was abolished by transient transfection with β1 integrin siRNA in A549 cells challenged with S. aureus. Our results suggest that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in β1 integrin-mediated internalization of S. aureus by alveolar epithelial cells.

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